• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Purpose : The objective of present study is to detect the effect of Sopungsan aqueous extracts (SPS) on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA; type I allergic dermatitis) Method : 500, 250 and 125mg/kg of SPS were orally administered 12 hr-interval before antigen challenge (total 4 times administered). PCA reactions were induced using rat anti-ovalbumin (OVA) serum contain IgE (titer 1:32) as sensitization and OVA as antigen challenge. 30 min after antigen challenge, the diameter of blue-dye spots (evans blue) and leaked amount of dye were observed with histology and histomorphometry at the PCA induced sites. In addition, serum total IgE and histamine levels were also observed by ELISA, respectively. The effects of SPS were compared with dexamethasone 1mg/kg treated rats in the present study. Results : As results of PCA reaction, vasodilation related increase of diameter of blue-dye spot and amount of leaked dye were observed with swelling and edematous changes in the dermis of PCA induced sites. However, these changes on PCA reactions were dramatically and dose-dependently decreased by treatment of SPS as compared with vehicle control. In addition, serum elevations of IgE and histamine were also dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of SPS as compared with vehicle control respectively. The effects of SPS 500mg/kg were similar to that of dexamethasone 1mg/kg in the present study. Conclusion : Base on the results of the present study, it is concluded that SPS has favorable effect on the PCA-induced allergic dermatitis, and SPS 500mg/kg showed similar favorable effects as compared with dexamethasone 1mg/kg. The present findings demonstrate that SPS can be effective for the prevention and treatment of allergic dermatitis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

Interface behavior of concrete-infilled steel tube (CFT) was investigated based on the experimental observations and numerical analyses. Laboratory tests were performed for twelve CFTs that consisted of two different cases of diameters where each diameter case was composed of three different cases of shear span length. Thereby, diameter and shear span parameters were considered to prove the question of whether there exists interface slip between steel tube and infilled-concrete. Confining effect of steel tube to infilled concrete was also investigated by measuring lateral strain as well as longitudinal strain. Based on the study, it was concluded that confining effect of steel tube to infilled-concrete is not influential under flexural loading and therefore, the sectional analysis is an effective way to estimate the flexural strength of CFT.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.136-141
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• 2015

We studied the compact anode design to develop 100 kW rotating anode X-ray tube with large focal spot 1.2 mm, small focal spot 0.6 mm and tube voltage 150 kV for large hospital digital radiography using computer thermal simulation. The larger thermal radiation effect in a high vacuum can reduce the temperature of anode so the method to increase the surface area of anode is investigated. The anode has the multi-tier shape at the back side of TZM body of anode and also bigger diameter of anode. The number of multi-tiers was varied from 6 to 15 and the diameter of anode was also varied from ${\Phi}74$ to ${\Phi}82$. From ANSYS transient thermal simulation result, we could obtain $1056.4^{\circ}C$ anode maximum temperature when applying 100 kW input power at 0.1 second on target focal track which is less than $1091^{\circ}C$ of the conventional 75 kW X-ray tube with reduced anode weight by 15.5% than the conventional anode. The compact anode of reduced anode weight is able to improve the unwanted noise when the rotor is rotating at high-speed and also reduce the rotational torque which the cost effective stator-coil is possible. It is believed that the anode with 15 ea multi-tiers using ${\Phi}82$ can satisfy with the specification of the anode heat capacity. From the results of this paper, it has been confirmed that the proposed compact anode can be used as the anode of 100 kW rotating anode X-ray tube for digital radiography.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.2637-2649
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• 1996

Flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on an elliptic cylinder placed in a plane boundary layer were investigated experimentally. Four cylinder models with axis ratio(major axis to minor axis, AR=A/B) of 1, 2, 3, and 4 having the same equivalent diameter were used in this experiment. The Reynolds number based on the equivalent diameter $D_e$(=20mm) was 13,000. In the case of circular cylinder, regular vortex shedding occurs for the cylinder gaps larger than G/B=0.3 and is not almost related to the boundary layer thickness. But, for the elliptic cylinders, the vortex shedding frequency is increased with increasing the gap ratio (G/B) and the axis ratio (AR) of elliptic cylinders. The maximum drag coefficient acting on a circular cylinder is mainly affected by the boundary layer thickness. But, the elliptic cylinders(AR$\geq$2), except for the smaller gap G/B<0.2, show a nearly constant drag coefficient which is much smaller than that of a circular cylinder. The base pressure on the flat plate decreases with increasing the axis ratio(AR) of the elliptic cylinder. In the case of a circular cylinder, the base pressure has the minimum value at the gap ratio G/B=0.4, but it occurs at G/D=2 for elliptic cylinders. The mean velocity of the cylinder wake is quickly recovered at a small cylinder height ratio(H/$\delta$), but the turbulent intensity is rapidly recovered at a large cylinder height ratio(H/$\delta$). The effective wake region in the plane boundary layer is shrinkaged with increasing the axis ratio(AR) of elliptic cylinder. And the drag coefficient and streamwise turbulent intensity of the elliptic cylinder with AR=4 are less than half of those for the circular cylinder(AR=1).

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

Object : The purpose of this study is to report the improvement of Tempormandibular Disorder patients who were treated by M.S.T(Motion Style Treatment). Methods : The clinical study was done on 3 cases of patients with tempormandibular disorder we checked the diameter between the maxilla and mandible with jaws fully opened, and also checked NRS score after the treatment of M.S.T(Motion Style Treatment) each day. Results & Conclusion : The diameter of the open mouth increased after the treatment of M.S.T(Motion Style Treatment), whereas NRS score decreased after the treatment of M.S.T(Motion Style Treatment). It is concluded that the M.S.T might be effective to the patient with tempormandibular disorder.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

Objective : The objective of this study was to validate the effects of a titanium mesh cage and dynamic plating in anterior cervical stabilization after corpectomy. Methods : A retrospective study was performed on 31 consecutive patients, who underwent anterior cervical reconstruction with a titanium mesh cage and dynamic plating, from March 2004 to February 2006. Twenty-four patients had 1-level and 7 had 2-level corpectomies. Ten patients underwent surgery with a cage of 10-mm diameter and 21 with 13-mm diameter. Neurological status and outcomes were assessed according to Odom's criteria. Sagittal angle, coronal angle, settling ratio, sagittal displacement, and cervical lordosis were used to evaluate the radiological outcomes. Results : In overall, 26 [83.9%] of 31 showed excellent or good outcomes. Thirteen percent [4 cases] of the patients developed surgical complications, such as hoarseness, transient dysphagia, or nerve root palsy. Seven [22.6%] patients had reconstruction failure:5 [20.8%] in the 1-level corpectomy group and 2 [28.5%] in the 2-level corpectomy group. Revisions were required in 2 patients with plate pullout due to significant instability. However, none of 5 patients who demonstrated cage displacement or screw pullout, underwent a revision. Radiographs revealed bony consolidation in 96.3% of the patients, including 6 patients with implantation failure during the follow-up period. Conclusion : Based on our preliminary results, the titanium mesh cage and dynamic plating was effective for cervical reconstruction after corpectomy. The anterior cervical reconstruction performed with dynamic plates is considered to reduce stress shielding and greater graft compression that is afforded by the unique plate design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1999

The turning circle of a ship is the path followed by her center of gravity in making a turn of 360$^{\circ}$degrees or more with helm at constant angle. But generally it means her path traced at full angle of the rudder. For the ordinary ship the bow will be inside and the stern outside this circle.It has been usually understood that the turning circle is not essentinally affected by ship's speed at Froude numbers less than about 0.30. However, it is recently reported that the speed provide considerable effects upon the turning circle in piloting many ships actually at sea. In this paper, the author analyzed what effects the speed could provide on the turning circle theoretically from the viewpoint of ship motions and examined how the alteration of the speed at Froude no. under 0.30 affect the turning circle actually, through experiments of actual ships of a small and large size.The main results were as follows.1. Even though ship's speed at Froude no. under 0.30, the alteration of the speed affects the turning circle considerably.2. When the full ahead speeds at Froude no. under 0.30 of small and large ships were increased about 3 times slow ahead speeds, the mean rates of increase of the advances, tactical diameters and final diameters of thease ships were about 16%, 21% and 19% respectively.3. When the full ahead speeds at Froued no. under 0.30 of small and large ships were increased about 3 times slow ahead speed, the mean rate of increase of the turning circle elements of large ships was greater 10% than that of small ships. 4. When the full ahead speeds at Froued no. under 0.30 of small and large ships were increased about 3times slow ahead speeds, the mean rates of increase of the tactical diameter and final diameter of thease ships were greater than that of the advances of thease ships. 5. When only alteration of speed or sip's head turning is the effective action to avoid navigational fixed hagards, reducing the speed is always more advantageous than increasing the speed in order to shorten fore or transverse distance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.210-210
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• 1999

The turning circle of a ship is the path followed by her center of gravity in making a turn of 360$^{\circ}$degrees or more with helm at constant angle. But generally it means her path traced at full angle of the rudder. For the ordinary ship the bow will be inside and the stern outside this circle.It has been usually understood that the turning circle is not essentinally affected by ship's speed at Froude numbers less than about 0.30. However, it is recently reported that the speed provide considerable effects upon the turning circle in piloting many ships actually at sea. In this paper, the author analyzed what effects the speed could provide on the turning circle theoretically from the viewpoint of ship motions and examined how the alteration of the speed at Froude no. under 0.30 affect the turning circle actually, through experiments of actual ships of a small and large size.The main results were as follows.1. Even though ship's speed at Froude no. under 0.30, the alteration of the speed affects the turning circle considerably.2. When the full ahead speeds at Froude no. under 0.30 of small and large ships were increased about 3 times slow ahead speeds, the mean rates of increase of the advances, tactical diameters and final diameters of thease ships were about 16%, 21% and 19% respectively.3. When the full ahead speeds at Froued no. under 0.30 of small and large ships were increased about 3 times slow ahead speed, the mean rate of increase of the turning circle elements of large ships was greater 10% than that of small ships. 4. When the full ahead speeds at Froued no. under 0.30 of small and large ships were increased about 3times slow ahead speeds, the mean rates of increase of the tactical diameter and final diameter of thease ships were greater than that of the advances of thease ships. 5. When only alteration of speed or sip's head turning is the effective action to avoid navigational fixed hagards, reducing the speed is always more advantageous than increasing the speed in order to shorten fore or transverse distance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.186-199
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• 2012

Purpose: Single implants, of which screw loosening has been observed frequently, presents problems such as fixtures fractures, marginal bone loss, and inflammation of the soft tissue around the implant. However, the single implant is more conservative, cost effective, and predictable compared to the 3 unit bridge with respect to the long-term outcome. This study evaluated the survival rate as well as future methods aimed at increasing the survival rate in single implants in posterior teeth. Methods: Among the implants placed in the Dankook University Dental Hospital department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery from January 2001 to June 2008, 599 implants placed in the maxillar and mandibular posterior were evaluated retrospectively. Survival rates were investigated according to implant location, cause of tooth loss, gender, age, general disease, fixture diameter and length, surface texture, implant type and shape, presence of bone graft, surgery stage, surgeons, bone quality and opposite teeth. Results: Out of 599 single implants in posterior teeth, 580 implants survived and the survival rate was 96.8%. The difference in survival rate was statistically significant according to the implant location. The survival rate was low (84.2%) in implants exhibiting a wide diameter (${\geq}5.1mm$) and the surface treated by the acid etching group demonstrated a significantly lower survival rate (91.1%). One stage surgical procedure, which implemented a relatively better bone quality survival rate (100%), was higher than the two stage surgical procedure (96.1%). The survival rate of type IV bone quality (75%) was significantly lower than the other bone quality. Conclusion: Single posterior teeth implant treatments should use an improved surface finishing fixture as well as careful and safe procedures when performing implant surgery in the maxilla premolar and molar regions since bone quality is poor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1156-1162
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• 2005

In this study, a noble method is proposed to prevent the edge overcoating (EOC) that may develop near the edge of the steel strip in the gas wiping process of continuous hot-dip galvanizing. In our past study (Trans. of the KSME (B), Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. $1105\~1113$), it was found that EOC is caused by the alternating vortices which are generated by the collision of two opposed jets in the region outside the steel strip. When the two opposed jets collide at an angle much less than $180^{o}$, non-alternating stable vortices are established symmetrically outside the steel strip, which lead to nearly uniform pressure on the strip surface. In order to deflect both jets downward by a certain angle, a cylinder with small diameter is installed tangentially to the exit of the lower lip of the two-dimensional jet. In order to find an optimum cylinder diameter, the three dimensional flow field is analysed numerically by using the commercial code, STAR-CD. And the coating thickness is calculated by using an integral analysis method to solve the boundary layer momentum equation. In order to compare the present noble method with the conventional baffle plate method to prevent the EOC, the flow field with a baffle plate is also calculated. The calculation results show that the tangentially installed cylinder at the bottom lip of the jet exit is more effective than the baffle plate to prevent EOC.