• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 2015

Traditionally, mistletoe is known as an effective anti-cancer medicinal plant, and lectin is recognized as a major component with cytotoxic and immuno-stimulant activity in mistletoe. A Korean mistletoe lectin (KML) has specificity to galactose and galactosamine and is distinguish from European mistletoe lectin (EML). When we examined the concentration of lectin in mistletoe originated from five different types of host trees, the result indicate that the lectin concentration is variable depending on the host tree. Noticeably, mistletoe from chestnut tree contains ten folds higher lectins than that of an oak tree. We also tested the concentration of KML and crude extract (KM-110) of Korean mistletoe that shows 90% cytotoxicity in L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cell. In addition, the cells show 90% and 70% viability by the treatment of two neutralizing antibodies of KML, 9H7-D10 and 8B11-2C5 neutralization effect with two monoclonal antibodies of KML, 9H7-D10 and 8B11-2C5. Therefore, the result expected that the mistletoe contain some other cytotoxic components except lectin. Finally, the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 by RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lectin free-crude extract (LFKM-110) following neutralization by 9H7-D10 monoclonal antibody shows higher than that of lectin containing-crude extract (KM-110). These results suggest that the Korean mistletoe lectin ha a great potential to be developed as therapeutic agent of cancer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.604-609
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• 2008

Analyses were conducted to estimate carcass component of yield grade factors by sex and live weight class and to develop the prediction equation of retail product weight by sex in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). Data from 42,113 Hanwoo carcasses were used to estimate the traits of yield grade factor and an additional 1,066 carcasses were used to develop the prediction equation of retail meat weight. The average of fasting weight of cow, bull and steer were 529 kg, 596 kg, and 634 kg respectively. Carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BFT), loineye area (REA), Index score of wholesale meat and yield grade were significantly (p<0.01) affected by sex and live weight. The lean meat percentage, fat percentage and bone percentage based on the weight of cold carcasses were significantly different (p<0.05) between sex groups. The equation of predicting the retail meat product from this study could be expressed as a multiple regression $Y=-4.18+0.63{\times}CW\;(kg)-0.17{\times}BFT\;(cm)+0.16{\times}REA\;(cm^2)$, $R^2=0.93$. Among the independent factors, the BFT was the highest contributor to the prediction equation. Using the equation from this study should allow for rapid, precise and cost-effective assessment of the retail product in Hanwoo beef carcasses.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.112-124
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• 2010

Studies that can find resolutions to problems of subjective psychiatric analysis must be performed and indeed they are in the process. However there still lies many problems in researches of mentality examination, which should be the foundation of finding potential resolutions. One of the biggest problems in the conventional system is that there are many different opinions by psychiatrists depending on their educations and experiences. There is no objective standard on the subjects and there is no effective psychiatric analysis method. Also, the characteristic of such examinations is that it cannot be applied to disabilities, foreigners and infants alyce the examination is ch examinconversation. The objective of this atudy is to standardize TAT(Thematic Apperception Test)analysiBallken index method so that subjective data from the examination can be excluded and the examination thus maklysithe examination objectified. Furthermore, objective result and patients' brain wave pattern is read with BCI(Brain Computer Interface) ch exaTherenvironment to Alsare it to brain wave characteristics vectors to reate brain-wave characteristics vector DB. Therefore, such DB can be utilize durlysithe examination and diagnosis to reate objective examination method and standardized diagnosis system. Thus, mentality examination can be performed only with brain-wave scans with BCI based TAT system.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.811-816
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• 2001

The influence of the incinerated ash and additives on glass phase formation of lightweight aggregate, weight-lightening, and the bloating mechanism was investigated. Clay was used as base materials and incinerated ash was added from 0 to 30wt%. The additives such as $Na_2CO_3,\;CaCo_3,\;K_2CO_3,\;MgCO_3$, and a little amount of waste oil were added to the mixed body. In clay/incinerated ash/additive system, it turned out that $CaCO_3\;and\;MgCO_3$ were the components for glass phase formation and $Na_2CO_3$ was the component for both glass phase formation and weight-lightening. The small addition of waste oil from 0.5wt% to 3.0wt% affect on the bloating of aggregate. Incinerated ash had a good effect on the glass phase controlling. The most effective condition controlling glass phase and bloating of aggregate was 10wt% incinerated ash, 2wt% waste oil at 1200$^{\circ}$C. The bloating mechanism of lightweight aggregate is as follows; 1) micro-crack formation caused by thermal-shock and gas generation from inside of aggregate, 2) volume expansion by glass phase formation on the aggregate surface and rapid gas bloating inside of aggregate, 3) densification after bloating.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.762-768
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• 2006

To assess utilization of onions extract as natural food additives, ethyl acetate, ethanol and hot water extract of freeze dried onions (red, white and yellow) were exmined for their chemical component and nitrite scavenging activity. Contents of total organic acid and total free sugar were in the range of $135.4{\sim}1,2557mg%$ and $51.7{\sim}62.9%$ as dry matter bases, respectively, and then their content of three onions were higher in ethylacetate and hor water extracts than in ethanol extract. Contents of total phenol and total flavonoids were in the range of $9.3{\sim}$13.3 % and $159.8{\sim}584.1mg%$ as dry matter bases, respectively, and their content of red onion extract by three solvent were higher than those of other onion extract. Nitrite-scavenging activities (NSA) of onion extracts were increased by lowering pH and elevating onion concentrations, and their values of ethanol and hot water were about 55% in addition of 10 mg/mL of red onion extract showing that NSA of red onion was twice higher than that of the other onions. In conclusion, the result indicated that red onion extract was very effective to inhibit nitrosamine formation at low pH condition as natural nitrite scavenging agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.234-239
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• 2002

To study the potential of the chestnut(Castanea crenata S.) leaves, as raw materials for functional food and medicine, chemical components, antioxidative and antimicrobial activities were carried out. The proximate composition was composed of total sugar 11.95%, crude fat 11.50%, crude fiber 10.11%, crude protein 7.50% and ash 1.79% and the components of major minerals were Ca 215.7 mg%, 196.6 mg%. The content of vitamin C wag 12.5 mg% and free sugar was composed of glucose 3.33%, fructose 0.25% and sucrose 0.022%. The major fatty acids in leaves of chestnut were composed of linoleic acid and the amounts of those showed 37.88% area percent. The major amino acids of chestnut leaves were glutamic acid(295.4 mg%), proline(285.7 mg%), aspartic acid(245.5 mg%), arginine(240.8 mg%), phenylalanine(237.4 mg%) and leucine(230.6 mg%). The ratio of essential/total amino acid was 48.3%. Methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed stronger activity of the hydrogen donating activities, each of 72.52 % and 84.12 %, respectively. In solvent extracts using methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane, methanol extract showed the most effective antimicrobial activities. Antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract was higher than those of other fractions.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.606-611
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• 2008

Myungran Jeotkal, Korean fermented seafood, and its ingredients(hot red pepper powder, ginger, garlic, and seasoning mix) were irradiated with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 kGy of gamma rays and stored at 4C for 4 weeks to determine changes in microbiological and sensory characteristics. Water activities of Myungran Jeotkal, hot red pepper powder, ginger, garlic, and seasoning mix were 0.89 0.56, 0.98, 0.99, and 0.07, respectively. Myungran Jeotkal was observed to be initially contaminated. Total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold, and coliform levels were 6.7, 4.3, and 3.6 log CFU/g, respectively. Irradiation at 2 kGy afforded approximately a 4 log reduction in total aerobic bacteria, and a 3 log drop in both yeast and mold levels and coliform bacteria(P<0.05). No viable microbial cells were detected in Myungran Jeotkal after 5 kGy of irradiation(at a detection limit of 101 CFU/g). The total aerobic bacterial level in red pepper powder was 6.3 log CFU/g and this component, of the tested ingredients, contributed most to the microbial contamination of Myungran Jeotkal. The initial count of total aerobic bacteria, 6.3 log CFU/g, was significantly reduced to 4.5 log CFU/g after irradiation(P<0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that gamma irradiation of up to 5.0 kGy did not adversely affect overall acceptability of Myungran Jeotkal or its ingredients during cold storage. Therefore, gamma irradiationwas effective to extend the shelf-life of Myungran Jeotkal.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2012

The chemical components and anti-oxidant activities of black currant were investigated. The pH, soluble solid and total acidity values were 3.36, 15.11 $^{\circ}Brix$, and 1.65%, respectively. The Hunter L, a, and b values were 18.20, 5.13, and 1.08, respectively. The proximate compositions were as follows; moisture, 77.64%; nitrogen free extract, 17.41%; crude fiber, 3.08%; crude protein, 1.28%; crude ash, 0.31%; and crude lipid, 0.28%, respectively. The mineral elements were K (177.36 mg/100 g), P (54.74 mg/100 g), and Ca (26.45 mg/100 g). The free sugar components were glucose (7.71%) and fructose (5.88%). The amino acid contents of the black currant were very rich in glutamic acid (105.73 mg/100 g) and deficient in cystine (5.29 mg/100 g). The ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were 112.19 mg/100 g and 34.48 mg GAE/g, respectively. The ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity levels were 99.48% and 89.03% at the 10 and 1.25 mg/mL concentrations. The reducing power and FRAP of the black currant were dose-dependent. Thus, black currant can be an effective source of functional food substances, i.e., natural anti-oxidants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2015

Aeromonas hydrophila is the most common water fish pathogen and cause diseases such as hemorrhagic septicemia, dropsy, ulceration and asymptomatic septicemia. A. hydrophila secretes many extracellular products (ECPs) which contribute to effective infection, wide distribution and great adaptability to environmental changes. Crude ECPs of A. hydrophila CK257, a strain used in this study, exhibits a toxic activity to the animals including mouse, rabbit and fish. Toxic symptoms were indicated by tissue damage and skin injuries in animal. When ECPs were subcutaneously injected to animals, skin damages were observed, appearing like necrosis. Preliminary research demonstrated that the active factors are protein component. The crude ECPs were collected after ammonium sulfate precipitation of cell-free culture supernatant. ECPs were fractionated with the use gel filtration chromatography. Five ECP fractions were obtained, of which one fraction was found to be toxic to goldfish. MALDI-TOF analyses provided two interesting proteases called M35 and M28. Both M35 and M28 are known as metalloprotease. Accordingly, proteins in an active fraction exhibited caseinolytic activity. These proteins were difference of caseinolytic activity under different metallic ions. Also active fraction has elastolytic activity. These results suggested that peptidase M28 and M35 may be a candidate factor for tissue necrosis activity about infection with A. hydrophila.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

To study the effect of crop rotation on the control of ginseng root rot, growth characteristics and root rot ratio of 2-year-old ginseng was investigated after the crops of 18 species were cultured for one year in soil contaminated by the pathogen of root rot. Fusarium solani and Cylindrocarpon destructans were detected by 53.2% and 37.7%, respectively, from infected root of 4-year-old ginseng cultivated in soil occurring the injury by continuous cropping. Content of $NO_3$, Na, and $P_2O_5$ were distinctly changed, while content of pH, Ca, and Mg were slightly changed when whole plant of crops cultured for one year were buried in the ground. All of EC, $NO_3$, $P_2O_5$, and K were distinctly increased in soil cultured sudangrass, peanut, soybean, sunnhemp, and pepper. All of EC, $NO_3$, $P_2O_5$, and K among inorganic component showed negative effect on the growth of ginseng when they were excessively applied on soil. The growth of ginseng was promoted in soil cultivated perilla, sweet potato, sudangrass, and welsh onion, while suppressed in Hwanggi (Astragalus mongholicus), Deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata) Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum), Gamcho (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), Soybean. All of chicory, lettuce, radish, sunnhemp, and welsh onion had effective on the inhibition of ginseng root rot, while legume such as soybean, Hwanggi, Gamcho, peanut promoted the incidence of root rot. Though there were no significant correlation, $NO_3$ showed positive correlation, and Na showed negative correlation with the incidence of root rot.