• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.701-714
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• 2017

The effect of nearby cohesionless sloping ground on the uplift capacity of horizontal strip plate anchor embedded in sand deposit with horizontal ground surface has been studied numerically. The numerical analysis has been carried out by using the lower bound theorem of limit analysis with finite elements and linear optimization. The results have been presented in the form of non-dimensional uplift capacity factor of anchor plate by changing its distance from the slope crest for different slope angles, embedment ratios and angles of soil internal friction. It has been found that the decrease in horizontal distance between the edge of the anchor plate and the slope crest causes a continuous decrease in uplift capacity of anchor plate. The optimum distance is that distance between slope crest and anchor plate below which uplift capacity of an anchor plate has been found to decrease with a decrease in normalized crest distance from the anchor plate in presence of nearby sloping ground. The normalized optimum distance between the slope crest and the anchor plate has been found to increase with an increase in slope angle, embedment ratio and soil internal friction angle.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.299-312
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• 2013

The horizontal pullout capacity of a group of two vertical strip plate anchors, placed along the same vertical plane, in a fully cohesive soil has been computed by using the lower bound finite element limit analysis. The effect of spacing between the plate anchors on the magnitude of total group failure load ($P_{uT}$) has been evaluated. An increase of soil cohesion with depth has also been incorporated in the analysis. For a weightless medium, the total pullout resistance of the group becomes maximum corresponding to a certain optimum spacing between the anchor plates which has been found to vary generally between 0.5B and B; where B is the width of the anchor plate. As compared to a single plate anchor, the increase in the pullout resistance for a group of two anchors becomes greater at a higher embedment ratio. The effect of soil unit weight has also been analyzed. It is noted that the interference effect on the pullout resistance increases further with an increase in the unit weight of soil mass.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2013

This study presents that effect of anchor plate on concrete breakout strength was evaluated. The addition of the anchor plate is to improve the concrete breakout capacity for a single anchor system in a thin-walled concrete panel (Insulated concrete sandwich wall panel). In this study, an elasticity-based simplified model was developed and used to predict effect on the anchor plate. Flexural stresses of the plate with respect to the concrete breakout strength obtained from CCD (Capacity Concrete Design) approach were compared with the test results. Through the test results, while the concrete breakout strength was improved due to increment of the width and thickness of the anchor plate, improvement of the strength was steadily declined. In addition, the It was observed that the analytical and experimental flexure of the anchor plate was comparatively in good agreement using the simplified elastic analysis model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

In this study, a finite element(FE) analysis on electro-mechanical impedance response of cable-anchor connection interface under various anchor force is presented. In order to achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. Firstly, an interface washer coupled with piezoelectric(PZT) material is designed for monitoring cable-force loss. The interface washer is a small aluminum plate on which a PZT patch is surface-bonded. Cable-force loss could be monitored by installing the interface washer between the anchor plate and the anchorage of cable-anchor connection and examining the changes of impedance of the interface washer. Secondly, a FE model for cable-anchor connection is established to examine the effect of cable-force on impedance response of interface washer. Also, the effects of geometrical and material properties of the interface washer on impedance responses under various cable-forces are investigated. Finally, validation of the FE analysis is experimentally evaluated by a lab-scale cable-anchor connection.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.103-111
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• 2010

Most of apartments, buildings and venues today were built without consideration of earthquake when there was no mandate for an earthquake-resistant design. To reinforce such construction, a compressive method of steel plate is widely used. In spite of continuous researches on the compressive method of steel plate, it has not been systematically evaluated for the effects of various factors affecting the structural behavior of beam and its effect on intensity and failure. Therefore, this study aims to determine the flexural behavior of beam due to Anchor conjugation through the materials obtained by making load test for the Anchor conjugated steel plate while the anchor is set as variable.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.595-613
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• 2015

An experimental investigation into the uplift capacity of horizontal square plate anchors in sand with and without geogrid reinforcement is reported. The parameters investigated are the effect of the depth of the single layer of geogrid, vertical spacing of geogrid layers, number of geogrid layers, length of geogrid layers, the effects of embedment depth, and relative density of sand. A series of three dimensional finite element analyses model was established and confirmed to be effective in capturing the behaviour of plate anchor-reinforced sand by comparing its predictions with experimental results. The results showed that the geogrid reinforcement had a considerable effect on the uplift capacity of horizontal square plate anchors in sand. The improvement in uplift capacity was found to be strongly dependent on the embedment depth and relative density of sand. A satisfactory agreement between the experimental and numerical results on general trend of behaviour and optimum geometry of reinforcement placement is observed. Based on the model test results and the finite element analyses, optimum values of the geogrid parameters for maximum reinforcing effect are discussed and suggested.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.34-45
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• 2017

Cyclic loading tests for a total of nine test specimens were performed to evaluate the seismic performance of the exposed steel column-base plate connections. From the tests, flexural strength, deformation capacity, energy dissipation, and initial stiffness were investigated. The primary test parameters were the thickness of base-plate, embedment length of anchor bolt, the presence of hook, and rib plates. Test results showed that flexural behavior of column base-plate connection was substantially affected by the base-plate thickness, embedment length and the number of anchor bolts. On the other hand, the effect of rib plates on the increase of the flexural performance was not observed. The initial stiffness of the test specimens was about 15% of the flexural stiffness obtained by assuming that the support is fixed. As a result, even if the exposed column base-plate is designed in accordance with current design recommendations, in case that bond strength between concrete and the anchor bolts is not sufficient, the base-plate connection showed an unaccceptable load-displacement behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.84-92
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• 2012

Anchorage zone in prestressed concrete cable stayed bridges is very important area due to the more accurate analysis is needed to estimate the behavior. In the study, since the cable anchorage zone in the prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridge is subject to a large amount of concentrated tendon forces, it shows very complicated stress distributions and causes a serious local cracks. Accordingly, It is necessary to investigate the parameters of affecting the stress properties, such as the cable inclination, the position of anchor plate, the modeling method and the three dimensional effect. The tensile stress distribution of anchorage zone is compared to the actual design condition by varing the stiffness of spring element in the local modeling and an appropriate position of anchor plate is determined. These results would be elementary data to the stress state of anchorage zone and more efficient design.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.735-751
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• 2012

Although being one of the most popular strengthening techniques in reinforced concrete beams, the use of steel plates bonded to the soffit raises problems of ductility. This study aims at investigating the influence of the use of perforated steel plates instead of solid steel plates on the ductility of reinforced concrete beams. A total of nine reinforced concrete beams were tested. In addition to an unplated beam, eight beams with perforated steel plates of two different thicknesses (3 mm and 6 mm) were subjected to monotonic loading. Effect of bonding the plates to the beams with anchor bolts and with additional side plates bonded to the sides of the beam with and without anchors is also investigated. The use of bolts in addition to epoxy was found to greatly contribute to the ductility and energy absorption capacity of the beams, particularly in specimens with thick plates (6 mm) and the use side plates in addition to the bottom plate was found to be ineffective in increasing the ductility of a concrete beam unless the side plates are attached to the beam with anchors bolts. The thickness of the plate was found to have little effect on the bending rigidity of the beam.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.304-315
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze initial displacement and stress distribution of the maxillofacial complex during dentoskeletal maxillary protraction with various appliance designs placed on the palatal region by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methods: Six models of maxillary protraction were developed: conventional facemask (Type A), facemask with dentoskeletal hybrid anchorage (Type B), facemask with a palatal plate (Type C), intraoral traction using a Class III palatal plate (Type D), facemask with a palatal plate combined with rapid maxillary expansion (RME; Type E), and Class III palatal plate intraoral traction with RME (Type F). In Types A, B, C, and D, maxillary protraction alone was performed, whereas in Types E and F, transverse expansion was performed simultaneously with maxillary protraction. Results: Type C displayed the greatest amount of anterior dentoskeletal displacement in the sagittal plane. Types A and B resulted in similar amounts of anterior displacement of all the maxillofacial landmarks. Type D showed little movement, but Type E with expansion and the palatal plate displayed a larger range of movement of the maxillofacial landmarks in all directions. Conclusions: The palatal plate served as an effective skeletal anchor for use with the facemask in maxillary protraction. In contrast, the intraoral use of Class III palatal plates showed minimal skeletal and dental effects in maxillary protraction. In addition, palatal expansion with the protraction force showed minimal effect on the forward movement of the maxillary complex.