• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.729-742
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• 2016

최근 세계화와 산업구조조정으로 인해 가속되는 사회경제적 양극화는 학력자본의 세대 간 대물림으로 고착될 위험에 처해 있다. 본 연구는 학력자본의 대물림은 거주지 분리를 매개로 이루어진다는 인식 하에 중년층의 교육수준별 거주지 분리에 따른 근린주거환경의 격차를 서울시를 사례로 분석하였다. 국지적 거주지 분리 측도를 통해 근린별 거주지 분리를 측정하고 자연, 주택, 지역인구, 생활 편의 교통, 교육, 복지문화 등 다양한 분야의 근린주거환경을 가늠하는 변수들을 활용했다. 분석 결과 학력층별 집중-집적지 간에는 뚜렷한 근린주거환경의 격차가 나타났다. 특히 저학력층과 고학력층 집중-집적지 사이에는 주택환경과 교육환경 측면에서 정반대의 성격을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 한국 도시의 계층별 거주지 분리의 원인에 대한 주장을 뒷받침하는 증거가 되기도 한다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-50
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• 2009

본 연구는 한국노동연구원이 수집하고 있는 노동패널 자료를 사용하여 교육이 초혼 형성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 특히, 본 연구는 우리나라에서 고등교육의 획득이 단순한 결혼의 연기로 이어지는지 아니면 결혼의 연기뿐만 아니라 생애 동안 결혼을 하지 않을 개연성 또한 증가시키는지를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과는 남녀 모두 최근의 출생 코호트로 올수록 결혼을 연기할뿐만 아니라 결혼을 하지 않는 개인들의 비중이 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있음을 보여 주고 있는데, 이러한 출생 코호트별 격차는 모든 교육수준에서 공통적으로 관측되는 현상으로 나타나고 있다. 분석 결과는 또한 교육의 효과가 출생 코호트별로 상이하게 나타나고 있음을 보여 주고 있는데, 1970년 이전에 출생한 코호트의 경우 교육수준이 높은 개인들은 초기에는 결혼을 하는 비율이 낮지만 연령이 높아짐에 따라 상대적으로 빠른 속도로 결혼을 함으로써 교육으로 인해 연기된 결혼을 사후적으로 따라잡기 하는 현상이 남녀 모두에서 관측되었다. 그러나 1970년 이후에 출생한 코호트의 경우 교육수준이 높은 개인들의 따라잡기 현상은 남성의 경우에 뚜렷하게 관측되는 현상으로 나타나지만, 여성의 경우 고학력 여성들이 결혼을 하지 않고 미혼으로 남아 있는 비중은 저학력 여성들에 비해 지속적으로 높게 나타나는 상이한 패턴을 보였다. 기존 연구들이 지적하는 바와 같이 본 연구의 분석 결과는 최근으로 올수록 남성들의 경우 저학력 남성들이 배우자를 찾을 기회가 상대적으로 취약해지고 있음을 반영하고 있으며, 여성들의 경우 고학력 여성들을 중심으로 결혼을 연기할 뿐만 아니라 생애 동안 결혼을 하지 않을 개연성 또한 점차 높아지고 있음을 시사하고 있다. 전반적으로 본 연구의 분석 결과는 성분리 규범이 강하게 작용하는 사회의 경우 교육이 초혼 형성에 미치는 효과가 성별로 상이하게 작용할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2012

We investigated whether socioeconomic differences affect fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption with respect to total intake and intake of various FV subgroups. Our study included 6667 adults aged 40-64 years who completed a dietary survey in the fourth Korean NHANES (2007-2009). FV intake was estimated from 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires. Differences in FV consumption related to educational attainment were analyzed according to different nutritional categories of FV. Both men and women in the low-education group had the lowest intake of total FV and total fruits, and women also had the lowest intake of total vegetables. Also lowest in this group was consumption of mushrooms and vegetables (excluding kimchi) among men, and cruciferous and allium vegetables (excluding Chinese cabbage and radish) among women, while kimchi consumption was the highest in this group. Additionally, an association between educational level and intake of citrus fruits was evident among men. Adults in the low-education group consumed less carotene-rich FV, red fruit and/or vegetables, and dark-green leafy vegetables, fewer total vegetable dishes, and fewer types of fruit than in other groups. Men in this group had the lowest intake of yellow/orange fruit and/or vegetables, and women consumed the least folate-rich FV. There is a clear association between educational attainment and FV intake with regard to total intake, and to specific nutrients, bioactive compounds, colors, and variety.

• 한국인구학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.143-170
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• 2003

지난 몇 십 년 간에 걸쳐 한국 사회에서 남성들은 물론 여성들의 교육수준은 급속하게 증가하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 배경을 염두에 두면서 여성들의 교육수준이 첫 직업획득에 어떠한 영향을 끼치며 또 그것은 어떠한 양상으로 변하였는지 살펴본다. 이를 위해 한국여성개발원에서 2001년에 수집한 $\ulcorner$제4차 여성취업실태조사 원자료$\lrcorner$를 이용해 노동시장에 처음으로 진입한 시점을 기준으로 1980년 이전, 1980년대, 그리고 1990년대 코호트를 구분하였다. 우선, 코호트별로 상이한 교육과 직업의 분포를 통제한 후 교육과 직업의 전반적인 연관성을 파악하기 위해 대수선형모형(log-linear model) 분석을 시도하였다. 그 결과 최근 코호트로 올수록 교육과 직업의 전반적인 연관성이 약화되는 것으로 나타난다. 이어 OLS 회귀분석을 통해 각각의 교육수준이 직업위세점수에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며, 분석결과는 교육수준간 직업위세점수 차이가 최근 코호트로 올수록 감소하였다는 것을 보여준다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 그간 한국 사회의 급속한 교육팽창의 맥락 하에서 여성의 교육과 직업의 연관성이 점점 약화되어왔다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2005

본 연구는 총 가구주의 교육정도가 외식수요에 미치는 효과를 밝히기 위하여 식료품에 대한 교육계층별 지출패턴을 조사하여 외식에 대한 지출구조와 비교하였다. 그 결과 소득에서 식료품에 대한 지출이 차지하는 비율이 가구주가 무학일 경우 가장 높고 교육정도가 높을수록 낮아져 대학원 졸업에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 모든 교육계층에서 외식비가 소득에서 차지하는 비율이 시간의 흐름과 더불어 꾸준히 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 외식문화가 보편화${\cdot}$대중화되어 낮은 교육계층에는 외식비가 가계에 부담이 될 가능성이 크다는 것을 의미하였다. 외식수요함수를 추정한 결과 외식가격상승은 무학과 대학원졸을 제외한 교육계층에서 외식수요를 감소시키고, 소득증가는 모든 교육계층에서 외식수요를 증가시키는 요인으로 작용하였다. 그리고 모든 교육계층에서 소득계수가 가격계수보다 커서 가격보다 소득이 외식수요에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 시간에 따른 외식 수요 패턴을 보기 위한 전향적 이동회귀는 소득과 가격의 영향력이 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 외식의 단기적 특성을 보기 위해 충격반응함수를 도입한 결과는 모든 교육계층에서 가격충격은 외식수요를 감소시키며, 소득충격은 외식수요를 증가시키나, 가격충격은 소득충격에 비해 외식수요에 미치는 충격의 크기도 대단히 작았다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.121-138
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were to identify the factors related to the changes of family total income total expenditures housing maintenance costs food expenditures and clothing expenditure, The data used for these purposes was collected from housewives living in jeonbuk area by questionaire in May 1998. Sample size of this data was 341 households. Statistics performed for the analysis were frequencies percentage means and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows; First monthly income decreased by 370,000 won than last year. The variables contributing to decreasing income were job type of household head and educational attainment of housewives the amount of total family current income total household expenditure and the perception of economic status. Second monthly expenditure decreased by 24,000 won than last year. The variables related to decreasing expenditure were educational attainment of housewives and the perception of economic stats. Third the variables related to their total household change were job type of household head number of family current household expenditure and the perception of economic status. finally the variables associated with total satisfaciotn of family life were the amount of leisure time the perception of economic attainment the confirmity of family and the amount of current household expenditure.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.259-272
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• 2020

This study aims at investigating the effects of collective promotion on the attainment of literacy, numeracy, and essential life skills by primary school pupils and also to find out if the policy of collective promotion meets its objective of minimization of wastage in basic education. The study used written tests for pupils in the final class (Level II, class 6) to collect data in some selected English-speaking primary schools in Meme Division of Cameroon. Descriptive statistics and a one way ANOVA were used for analyzing data. The results revealed that the policy of collective promotion negatively affects the attainment of literacy, numeracy, and essential life skills of pupils in Kumba, Meme Division. Teachers who assisted in the study through personal communication with the researcher argued that collective promotion in basic education does not achieve its objective of minimizing wastage of educational resources; neither does it positively improve the literacy, numeracy, and essential life skills of pupils. This study recommends that the policy of collective promotion can be revisited and that focus be placed not only on minimizing wastage of resources but also on investing on quality education system so as to equip the would-be leaders of tomorrow with skills, knowledge, and attitudes which will make them functional and responsible citizens in their society.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the this study was to examine the dietary knowledge and educational needs of stroke patients and analyze the related factors that are associated with dietary knowledge and educational needs. Methods: Our study analyzed data from 146 stroke patients. The survey was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires and data collected from participants' medical records. Dietary knowledge and educational needs were measured by tools developed by the author. Results: The mean scores for the dietary knowledge and educational needs were 19.09±3.48 and 36.17±7.18, respectively. Many stroke patients had misconceptions about soy sauce, cholesterol, and fruits. The most needed items in dietary education was first identifying foods that are beneficial or harmful, and second, food interaction with medications. As for the results of multiple regressions, dietary knowledge was significantly associated with gender, educational attainment, monthly income, exercise, body mass index, and level of compliance to dietary therapy. Additionally, the educational needs were significantly related with educational attainment and employment. Conclusion: For secondary prevention of stroke patients, education strategy considering dietary knowledge and educational needs of stroke patients should be established. Special attention is needed for stroke patients with a lower level of dietary knowledge and educational needs.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.127-144
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to identify the housing maintenance cost, imputed rent fee and total housing cost of households living in rental house, to analyze the factors related to their housing maintenance cost, imputed rent fee and total housing cost and to investigate the factors contributing to total housing cost to total household income ratio. The data used for these purposes, was 97 KHPS of Daewoo Economic Research Institute. Sample size of households living in rental house, was 663. Statistics performed for the analysis were frequencies, percentiles, t-test, Lorenz cutie and Gini coefficient, Tobit analysis, OLS and Logistic analysis. The results of this study were as fellows: First, monthly cost of monthly rent & maintenance and repairs of households living in rental house with a deposit was lower than rental house, while the imputed rent fee of households living rental house with a deposit was higher than monthly rent households'And, total housing cost of households living in rental house with a deposit was higher than monthly rent households'. Second, Gini coefficient of the housing maintenance cost was 0.440, Gini coefficient of imputed rent fee was 0.362, and Gini coefficient of total housing cost was 0.291. Third, the variables related to their housing maintenance cost were family type, total household expenditure of socio-demographic characteristics and residence, type of rent, housing type of housing environmental factor. Also, the variables contributing to imputed rent fee were job type and educational attainment of household hearts, the number of family members, total household expenditure, residence, type of rent, housing type and tole number of rooms. In addition, the variables associated with total housing cost were job type and educational attainment of household head, total household income and residence, type of rent, housing type and the number of room. Finally, age, job type, educational attainment of household head, wife's employment status, the number of family members, family type, total household expenditure, residence, rent type of rent, housing type, the size of living space, and the number of room were significant variables contributing to total household cost to total household income ratio.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of personal characteristics, social support, depression, and metamemory on the older adults' memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 95 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Busan. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Dixon, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986), social resoueces(Duke university, 1978), family support(Hyun-Sook Kang, 1985). The other data were collected by the testing method on the memory performance such as the immeadiate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by Hye-Sook Min). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The level of metamemory is 3.4 points in the 5 point scale, the grades of the task and the achievement are relatively high and the grades of the change, the control, and the anxiety are relatively low in the sub-concepts. 2. Metamemory have significant relation with age(r=-.44), educational attainment(r=.46), depression(r=-.58), family support(r=.20), social resources(r=.20). 3. The significant variables to predict older adults' metamemory are educational attainment(22%), sex(11%), age (8.3%), depression(4.7%), and illness state(3%). 4. The strong variables to predict memory performances are metamemory, age, depression, social resources, educational attainment, illness state, and limitation of daily living activity related to illness. In conclusion, the enhancement strategies of metamemory and the social support and the prevention or reduction of depression are necessary to increase older adults' memory performances. Ultimately in this respect nurses' roles are very important in developing and performing some intervention programs for old adults' memory improvement, which have significant meanings in the field of nursing science.