• 제목/요약/키워드: education testing

검색결과 893건 처리시간 0.02초

미국교육에서 표준화시험의 역사적 전개와 시사점: 카네기재단의 역할 (A Historical Reappraisal on the Standardized Testing in the US Education Focusing on the Role of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching)

  • 이윤미
    • 비교교육연구
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.51-82
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    • 2018
  • 이 연구는 오늘날 학교교육에서 평가관을 지배하고 있는 표준화시험에 대해 미국의 사례를 중심으로 그 역사적 전개과정에 대해 고찰하고 시사점을 논한다. 특히 20세기 초 과학주의의 확산과 함께 표준화시험이 학교교육의 개선을 위해 적용되는 과정에서 카네기재단이 행한 매개적 역할에 주목하고 있다. 20세기 이래 표준화시험은 미국교육에서 중요한 지위를 지니고 있으며, 지식, 학력, 책무성을 강조하는 본질주의적 교육관을 대표하고 있어, 아동중심성, 경험, 민주주의 등을 강조하는 진보주의적 교육관과 대치되기도 한다. 표준화시험을 중심으로 한 미국교육의 전개과정에 대한 이해는 2000년대 이후 학력평가가 국제적으로 강화되고 있는 흐름에 대한 분석의 기초로서 중요하다.

Model updating with constrained unscented Kalman filter for hybrid testing

  • Wu, Bin;Wang, Tao
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.1105-1129
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    • 2014
  • The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has been developed for nonlinear model parametric identification, and it assumes that the model parameters are symmetrically distributed about their mean values without any constrains. However, the parameters in many applications are confined within certain ranges to make sense physically. In this paper, a constrained unscented Kalman filter (CUKF) algorithm is proposed to improve accuracy of numerical substructure modeling in hybrid testing. During hybrid testing, the numerical models of numerical substructures which are assumed identical to the physical substructures are updated online with the CUKF approach based on the measurement data from physical substructures. The CUKF method adopts sigma points (i.e., sample points) projecting strategy, with which the positions and weights of sigma points violating constraints are modified. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid testing method is verified by pure numerical simulation and real-time as well as slower hybrid tests with nonlinear specimens. The results show that the new method has better accuracy compared to conventional hybrid testing with fixed numerical model and hybrid testing based on model updating with UKF.

과학 교육 평가에서 나타나는 고등학생들의 성취 불일치 사례 - 정의적 영역 검사 도구를 중심으로 - (Cases of Discrepancy in High School Students' Achievement in Science Education Assessment: Focusing on Testing Tool in Affective Area)

  • 정수임;신동희
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제37권5호
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    • pp.891-909
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    • 2017
  • 이 연구는 과학 교육 현장에서 인지적 정의적 평가를 중심으로 한 양적 자료와 질적 자료에서 나타나는 몇 가지 불일치 사례를 분석했다. 308명의 고등학교 2학년 학생을 대상으로 학업 성취도와 정의적 성취도를 양적 자료로 수집했고, 그 중 33명의 학생을 면담한 질적자료를 분석했다. 주로 검사 도구의 측면에서 불일치 사례의 원인과 유형을 고찰했다. 연구 결과 양적 자료인 인지적 성취와 정의적 성취 영역 각각에서 과목별, 구인별 차이가 크게 나타나는 학생들이 상당수 있었고, 특히 두 영역 간 성취도 경향이 일치하지 않는 학생들도 20% 이상 분석되었다. 선택한 진로와 진학을 위해 의도적으로 과학 학습을 조절한 사례, 학교 과학과 과학에 대한 인식 차이에 따라 다른 반응 등의 사례가 면담을 통해 발견되었다. 도구로 측정한 양적 자료와 학생들의 면담 내용인 질적 자료를 비교한 결과 스스로 반응한 양적 자료와 다르게 자신을 평가하는 학생들이 대부분이었다. 이는 다양한 특성을 지닌 학생들이 검사 도구와 상호작용하는 과정에서 비롯된다. 검사 도구와 관련된 불일치 유형은 '문항 개발자가 의도한 개념과 학생들이 이해하는 개념 간 차이'와 '표현된 반응과 속마음 간의 차이'로 나타났다. 검사 도구에서 사용한 용어가 학생들에게 모호하게 인식될 때 자의적이거나 일관성 없이 반응하는 경우가 전자에, 사회적 바람직성이나 자아 방어 기제에 의한 반응 왜곡은 후자에 해당한다. 이상 연구 결과를 바탕으로 자기보고식 검사 도구가 학생들의 실제 인식을 잘 반영하고 있는지 검토하고 정교화하려는 노력, 학습 경험을 획일적으로 고정시키는 평가 개선 등이 필요하다.

Cost and Effectiveness Comparison of Immediate Colposcopy Versus Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing in Management of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance in Turkish Women

  • Kececioglu, Mehmet;Seckin, Berna;Baser, Eralp;Togrul, Cihan;Kececioglu, Tugban Seckin;Cicek, Mahmut Nedim;Gungor, Tayfun
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.511-514
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    • 2013
  • Background: A small but significant proportion of cases with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) may harbour CIN 2-3, or even invasive carcinoma. Although immediate colposcopy, HPV-DNA testing or expectant management are three recommended options in ASCUS triage, a consensus does not currently exist on which one of these approaches is the most efficient. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance and cost of immediate colposcopy and colposcopy based on the human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for detecting histologically confirmed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with ASCUS. Materials and Methods: Records of 594 women with an index Papanicolaou smear showing ASCUS were retrospectively analyzed. Women in the immediate colposcopy arm were referred directly to colposcopy (immediate colposcopy group, n=255) and those in the HPV triage arm were proceeded to colposcopy if the high-risk HPV (hrHPV) test was positive (HPV triage group, n=339). High grade CIN (CIN2+) detection rate and treatment costs were compared between the groups. Results: The detected rate of CIN2+ was higher in the HPV triage group compared to immediate colposcopy group (8% vs. 1.6%, p=0.011). In the HPV triage group, the total cost, cost per patient, and the cost for detecting one case of high grade CIN were higher than the immediate colposcopy group (p<0.001). Conclusions: In women with ASCUS cytology, HPV DNA testing followed by colposcopy is more costly than immediate colposcopy, but this approach is associated with a higher rate of CIN2+ detection. This findings suggest that HPV DNA testing combined with cervical cytology could reduce the referral rate to colposcopy.

Parametric inference on step-stress accelerated life testing for the extension of exponential distribution under progressive type-II censoring

  • El-Dina, M.M. Mohie;Abu-Youssef, S.E.;Ali, Nahed S.A.;Abd El-Raheem, A.M.
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.269-285
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, a simple step-stress accelerated life test (ALT) under progressive type-II censoring is considered. Progressive type-II censoring and accelerated life testing are provided to decrease the lifetime of testing and lower test expenses. The cumulative exposure model is assumed when the lifetime of test units follows an extension of the exponential distribution. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and Bayes estimates (BEs) of the model parameters are also obtained. In addition, a real dataset is analyzed to illustrate the proposed procedures. Approximate, bootstrap and credible confidence intervals (CIs) of the estimators are then derived. Finally, the accuracy of the MLEs and BEs for the model parameters is investigated through simulation studies.

과학교사를 위한 가설검증방법 고안 교수-학습 프로그램의 효과 (Effects of the Teaching and Learning Programs for Science Teachers' Scientific Hypothesis Testing-method Invention)

  • 정진수
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.664-674
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 문헌 연구와 전문가집단의 논의를 통해서 가설검증방법 고안의 교수-학습 절차를 개발하였고, 이에 따라 과학교사를 위한 가설검증방법 고안 교수-학습 프로그램을 R&D 방식으로 개발하여 투입하였으며, 과학교사들이 사전과 사후에 고안한 가설검증방법의 유형 및 가설 검증력 변화를 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 사전 검사에 비교해서 사후 검사의 가설검증방법의 정교성, 설명요소의 다양성, 검증구조의 논리성등이 증가된 유형으로 변화되었다. 그리고 사전 검사에 비교해서 사후 검사의 가설검증방법의 수, 정교성지수, 검증구조지수, 가설 검증력 등의 평균이 향상되었다. 이러한 결과는 가설검증방법 고안 교수-학습을 통해서 과학교사의 가설검증방법이 보다 포괄적이고 정교하게 변화되었음을 의미한다. 뿐만 아니라 이 연구의 결과는 과학교사들의 탐구능력 향상의 가능성, 기존의 수업 모형 개선, 검증방법고안 능력 평가를 위한 도구 개발에 시사점을 제공하였다.

STATISTICAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES FOR TESTING DEPARTURES FROM NORMALITY IN THE MATHEMATICS TEACHER PREPARATION

  • Lee, Sang-Gone
    • 호남수학학술지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.83-100
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    • 2007
  • Normality is one of the most common assumptions made in sampling and statistical inference procedures without suffering from lack of attention. Its results may lead to an invalid conclusion. We present several testing procedures that can be used to evaluate the effects of departure from normality using concrete examples by hand or with the aid of Minitab. The goal is to influence prospective teachers in order to learn statistical concepts and techniques for testing normality on the basis of the didactical theory.

PSCAD/EMTDC를 이용한 MW급 ESS용 성능평가설비 모델링 방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Modeling Method of Performance Evaluation System for MW Scaled Energy Storage System Using the PSCAD/EMTDC)

  • 강민관;최성식;박재범;남양현;김응상;노대석
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제66권6호
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    • pp.885-891
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    • 2017
  • The energy storage system(ESS) is a core component for exchanging the power system structure of the unidirectional power flow into a bidirectional structure. Its important role has been increasing because it has multiple functions such as output stabilization of new renewable energy, demand management, frequency regulation, etc. However, the performance evaluation technology of ESS in korea is lower than one of advanced countries and the recognition of standardization is also lack compared to advanced countries. Furthermore, in order to more accurately and reliably validate the performance of the ESS in advanced countries, it has been required to perform not only performance testing by H/W devices but also performance verification by S/W tool. Therefore, in order to verify the performance testing of ESS by S/W tool, this paper proposes the modeling method of performance testing devices for MW scaled ESS by using the PSCAD/EMTDC S/W, based on real testing devices in domestic institute. From the simulation results of proposed modeling method, it is confirmed that the proposed modeling method is a useful tool for performance validation of ESS.

Personality Characteristic-based Enhanced Software Testing Levels for Crowd Outsourcing Environment

  • Kamangar, Zainab U.;Siddiqui, Isma Farah;Arain, Qasim Ali;Kamangar, Umair A.;Qureshi, Nawab Muhammad Faseeh
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제15권8호
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    • pp.2974-2992
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    • 2021
  • Crowd-based outsourcing is an emerging trend in testing, which integrates advantages of crowd-based outsourcing in software testing. Open call format is used to accomplish various network tasks involving different types of testing levels and techniques at various places by software testers. Crowd-sourced software testing can lead to an improper testing process as if it does not allocate the right task to the right crowd with required skills and not choose the right crowd; it can lead to huge results, which become time-consuming and challenging crowd-source manager for the identification of improper one. The primary purpose of this research is to make crowd-based outsourced software testing more effective and reliable by relating association between the software tester, personality characteristic, and different levels of software testing, i.e., unit, integration, and system, in order to find appropriate personality characteristic for required testing level. This research has shown an observed experiment to determine which software testing level suits which personality characteristic tester in a crowd-based software testing environment. A total of 1000 software testers from different software houses and firms in Pakistan were registered to perform tasks at different software testing levels. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test is used to identify each tester's personality characteristic involved in this research study.