• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1573-1583
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• 2016

It is necessary to check mutual correlations between related variables because housing prices are influenced by a lot of variables of the economy both internally and externally. In this paper, employing the Granger causality test, we have validated interrelated relationship between the variables. In addition, there is cointegration associations in the results of the cointegration test between the variables. Therefore, an analysis using a vector error correction model including an error correction term has been attempted. As a result of the empirical comparative analysis of the forecasting performance with ARIMA and VAR models, it is confirmed that the forecasting performance by vector error correction model is superior to those of the former two models.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.283-300
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• 2013

As one of the most popular forms of social commerce, on-line social commerce can provide many benefits for consumers, such as lower prices, information sharing, and so on. This research attempted to compare the differences of social commerce participation behavior between Korean consumers and Chinese consumers. The paper also studied the effect of demographic factors and individual propensities on consumer's participation behavior, such as the need for cognition, innovativeness, interactivity, reliability, groupism, and price consciousness. The results and conclusions of this research are as follows. First, consumer's individual propensities are different between China and Korea. In general, Korean participants have a higher level of innovativeness and price consciousness and a lower level of groupism than Chinese participants. Second, the influential factors of social commerce website visiting frequency and the participation in social commerce are different between the two countries. In Korea, consumer's age, innovativeness, and price consciousness have evident effects on the visiting frequency of social commerce websites. While in China, consumer's education, job, innovativeness, and groupism are significant.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2005

This study examined the differences on the amount of purchase of and willingness-to-pay more for organic products by socio-economic variables, knowledge and reliability of organic products, and concern for food. In addition the effects of the reliability and the price of organic products on the amount of purchase and willingness-to-pay more for organic products in the Path analysis. The results were below. First, consumers who had high education, were the age of 40's, high income, high level of knowledge and reliability for organic products were more likely to purchase organic products. Second, the level of willingness-to-pay more for organic Products were high when consumers with more than three children, not lowest level of health, and higher reliability. Third, the reliability of organic products impact the amount of purchase of organic products, but not the perception of organic products' price. Forth, both the reliability and the perception of those price impact the level of willingness-to-pay more for organic products.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.281-295
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• 2023

This study examined consumer attitudes and intentions to participate in reward-based crowdfunding projects for fashion products. We focused on consumer innovation, price sensitivity, conformity, and consumer values as factors that might influence such attitudes and intentions. A survey was conducted with 228 individuals aged 18 years and older who are aware of or have had experience using crowdfunding. Respondents were asked to answer questions based on the example of actual fashion crowdfunding projects. To analyze the data, reliability tests, the generation of descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and multiple regression were performed using SPSS 25.0. The results revealed that consumer innovativeness, non-conforming tendency, and emotional, quality, social, and ethnical consumer values had a significant influence on attitudes, which in turn affected intentions to participate in crowdfunding. Consumer innovativeness, price sensitivity, emotional value, and social value also had a direct influence on intentions to participate. In addition to its academic contribution, this study has important marketing implications for project initiators striving to identify and understand consumers who are willing to participate in reward-based crowdfunding for fashion products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.16-26
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• 2004

Historically, the name and scopes of Agricultural Engineering have changed considerably affected by many factors including global trend of Agricultural Engineering. There were times when this education program became unpopular but then again regained in the aftermath of economic crises. The afterward national policy has given big opportunity to resources based developments. Even though agriculture has shown its capability in maintaining local community to support their lives during the time of crises, the global markets have become the real threats. The challenge of Indonesian Agricultural Engineers now is how to produce agricultural commodities in any kind of forms but cheaper than the international price. Agricultural Engineering Education has to find a proper role of contribution to solve these problems. And, the education system of Agricultural Engineering itself has to be upgraded to some extend to anticipate changes of the global trends.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

In this paper, we implemented a Wi-Fi based cluster system using raspberry pi for multidisciplinary education. The cluster implementation on the desktop was more difficult to maintain the complexity, big size, high price, power consumption as the number of nodes increased. In this paper, we implemented a cluster using Raspberry Pi, which is developed for educational purposes, to reduce the cost of connecting nodes. In addition, the complexity of system construction is reduced by replacing the connection between each node with Wi-Fi. Also, the inconvenience of configuration due to node increase was reduced. It is expected that the implementation of the cluster will be a good alternative in the educational environment where distributed processing and parallel processing are performed in the embedded environment. Also, it is confirmed that it can be applied to the multidisciplinary education.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.697-707
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• 1997

This study was performed to estimate the quantity of the effects of tobacco price raise on the smoking rate, and the smoking attributable deaths in Korea. The data were collected by questionnaire survey from 538 male of male workers. The questionnaire contained items on age, sex, living place, status of education, smoking history, the intention to quit smoking when the tobacco price be raised. The questionnaire, were distributed to the offices of enterprises, hospitals, research centers, and public agencies and then collected. Data were analyzed by using the age specific smoking rate, relative risks of eight major smoking related diseases, vital statistics, and the population attributable risk of deaths of smoking males. On the other hand, the impact of the tobacco price raise on the population attributable risk of death due to smoking in Korea was estimated by applying the presumed smoking rate after the price raise. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The smoking rate of male white color workers in large cities was 59.5%. 2. The proportion of male smokers who has the intention to quit smoking when the tobacco price be raised was 61.5%. 3. The proportion of male smokers who has the intention to quit smoking if the price of tobacco be raised was proportional to the degree of increasing tobacco price. It is estimated that if the tobacco price were raised more than four times as now, the presumed smoking rate goes down as low as 26.7%. If the tobacco price be raised 20% each year, presumed smoking rate is 46.2%. 4. The number of attributable male death of smoking estimated by using 8 major smoking related diseases(lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) was 25,863 death each year. That is 20.1% of total age over 20 male deaths. 5. f the tobacco price were raised more than four times as now and all smokers who has intention to quit smoking quits smoking, 12,336 lives, or 47.7% of smoking related deaths could be saved. 6. IF the actual practice rate of quitting smoking among male smokers with intention to stop smoking when the price of tobacco be raised is 10%, 25%, or 50%, then the expected decrease of death numbers when the tobacco price were raised more than four times as now can be 1,112, 3,483, 5,796 respectively.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among the food choice motives, attitude to the traditional fermented food, and traditional fermented food consumption behavior in adolescents. Using a web-based self-completion questionnaire, food choice motives, attitude to the traditional fermented food, and frequency of traditional fermented food consumption were examined in 319 high school students in Seoul. As follows are the results of this study; first, food choice motives were emerged by seven factors, and labeled as good food, healing, convenience, weight control, familiarity, price, and health. Attitude to the traditional fermented food and consumption behavior of traditional fermented food were emerged as independent factor, respectively. Second, food choice motives had the significant effect on the attitude to the traditional fermented food(p<.05). Among them, price had the strongest effect(${\beta}$=.235), followed by healing(${\beta}$=.190), health(${\beta}$=.175), and convenience(${\beta}$=.126). Third, the consumption behavior of traditional fermented food was strongly influenced by the attitude to the traditional fermented food(${\beta}$=.549). Finally, weight control was the only direct driver for traditional fermented food consumption. Price, healing, health, and convenience acted as indirect drivers for traditional fermented food through the positive attitude to the traditional fermented food. In conclusion, since the formation of the positive attitude to the traditional fermented food is important for the increase of traditional fermented food consumption, the analysis of underlying food choice motives and attitude to the traditional fermented would be essential.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.219-228
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• 2016

This research aimed at investigating policy change process of after school contracting out and suggesting future alternative. Also, this research conducted a literature search for the research data related to policy and related regulations. As the result of investigation, the Ministry of Education established management plan for after school, however there have been changes in policy, e.g. contracting out was executed from 2004 to 2008 upon autonomy of unit school through school steering committee deliberation(consultation), while standardized procedure was conducted, which was suggested in 'After school operation guideline', produced in cooperation between the Ministry of Education and municipal ministry of education from 2008 to 2015, while since 2016, contract law should be applied when after school contracting out is adopted. Policy change since 2016 is based on the legal necessity that contract law should be followed as the contract size of after school contracting out has become larger along with necessity of clarity of after school contracting out. Nevertheless, there's a worry that quality of after school education could be degraded due to lowest price bidding. The government suggested an alternative to prevent excessive price competition by paying a regular rate of basic price as personnel expenses, however this research suggested a plan to enact an ordinance in regard of specialty of after school educational activities and cities and provinces as the fundamental solution plan.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-28
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• 2014

The characteristics of performing arts differ from those of utilitarian goods in terms of economics. Factors other than price need to be considered to understand the demand for performing arts. Audience surveys as well as econometric demand studies have confirmed that socio-economic factors such as age, income, employment, and education are major determinants of the demand for performing arts. This study focused on the attributes of concerts rather than consumer characteristics to determine the concerts audiences select in terms of transaction cost. Genre, price, internet search trends, and the purpose of performance as well as price are tested as determinants of demand by using the data set for a major concert hall in Seoul. Genre and the specific purpose of concerts influence the demand for concerts. Internet search trends of the performer are used as indicators of popularity and information exposure, which are positively correlated with demand. This result supports the hypothesis that larger audiences would attend concerts that require lower information search costs. To note, price has a positive effect on demand in the higher price range, which means that concerts at higher prices attract larger audiences, whereas normal goods have a negative slope in the demand curve. This result can be explained by the hypothesis that consumers use price as an indicator of the quality expected of a concert. Transaction cost for selecting classical concerts thus forms an inverse-U shape curve against ticket price. These results provide some explanation of why audiences of classical music choose to attend concerts at high ticket prices while offering evidence in favor of the hypothesis that performing arts are selected in a social context.