• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2014

Arecoline is a major alkaloid of areca nuts which are widely chewed by southeast Asian and it manifests various toxic effects in different organs of human and animals. In this work, mature mice were treated by vitamins C plus E, arecoline, or both daily for four weeks. The results showed that arecoline significantly increased the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and significantly decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues. Additionally, the body weight, testis weight, sperm counts, motility and normal sperms also were significantly decreased. The supplement of vitamins C and E can bring the activities of ALP and GPT to normal levels and partially restore the sperm counts compared to the arecoline-treated group but have no other positive effects. In conclusion, the vitamins C and E partially attenuated the arecoline-induced hepatotoxiciy but basically had on protective effects against the arecoline-induced testicular toxicity.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 1995

This study examined the effects of the learning cycle model by learner's characteristics such as I.Q., cognitive levels, inquiry skins, cognitive style, activity, reflectiveness. To see the effects of the learning cycle model, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest multiple treatment designs was used in the study. 99 middle school second-graders(female) were divided into two groups. One group was selected as the experimental group (n=50), the other served at the comparison group(n=49). During the eight-month period, the students in the experimental group were instructed according to the learning cycle model, while the students in the comparison group were instructed according to the traditional instruction methods. Achievement data from science achievement test were analyzed by an ANOVA technique. The results of the study are as follows : 1. Science knowledge achievement. For the lower level students of activity, the learning cycle model is superior to the traditional approaches in science knowledge achievement. 2. Science inquiry skills. For the upper level students of I.Q., cognitive levels, inquiry skills, cognitive style and reflectiveness, the learning cycle model is superior to the traditional approaches in science inquiry skills. 3. Attitudes toward science. For the lower level students of I.Q., cognitive levels, inquiry skills, cognitive style, activity and reflectiveness, the learning cycle model is superior to the traditional approaches in attitudes toward science.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.549-557
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• 2014

In this study, the readability of the texts in the third and the sixth grade science textbooks developed under the 2007 revised science curriculum were analyzed in terms of word and sentence units. In the word unit analyses, the levels of the words in the texts were classified into four categories, 1st to 4th levels. In the sentence unit analyses, the sentences in the texts were classified either a simple sentence or compound/complex sentences, and the average length of the sentences was also calculated. The results indicated that more than 90 percents of the words in the 2007 revised science textbooks were classified as the 1st to the 3rd levels. However, both the kinds and the frequencies of the words in the 2007 revised science textbooks were increased in comparison of those in the 7th science textbooks. In particular, it was found that the increasement in the 3rd grade science textbook was noticeable. The ratio of the compound/complex sentences in the 2007 revised science textbooks were increased in comparison of those in the 7th science textbooks. The average length of the sentences in the 2007 revised science textbooks was also increased.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.273-284
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• 1996

This study aimed at measuring the rural people's level of value and morality, identifying its related variables, and drawing some implications for rural adult education. To measure their value and moral levels, 141 Yoncheon county adults were interviewed or asked to answer the questionnaires based on the Braithwaite and Law's(value) and Rest's(morality) instruments. The data were analyzed mainly by ANOVA, Chi square test and Pearson product-moment correlation. The major findings were: (1) The rural people mainly remained in vital feeling value(fourth) level out of five levels(religious holiness, spiritual, mind, vital feeling and sensible feeling value in order), (2) They remained in harmonious interpersonal expectations stage(fourth mortality level) out of six stage(universal ethical principles, social contract, social conscience maintenance, harmonious interpersonal expectation, instrumental purpose, and punishment/obedience in order), (3) Religion, the number of participation in adult education, and the length of such participation were three variables related to the level of value, and age, schooling years, and the number of family wane three variable related to their morality level, and (4) The relationship between value and morality levels was not significantly identified. Rural adult education needs to be more strengthened for improving their spiritual quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2005

In this study the effects of science teaming with the level of inquiry requirement in elementary school science experiment instruction were investigated on cognitive domain. We assigned seventy-three students of the fifth grade into two groups according to the levels of inquiry requirement. After each instruction was implemented, the characteristics of the students' tearning science on cognitive domain were compared and analyzed with the levels of them. The higher level (HL) inquiry-required instruction was more effective in increasing and maintaining the memory on the science teaming than the lower level (LL). Especially, in the aspects of the experimental methods and taking cares which the students engage and perform actively rather than do passively, the memory scores of HL group were higher than those of LL. In addition, the memory scores and the degree of maintenance were higher among students who perceived the instruction as easy and interesting. In conclusion, the HL of instruction could stimulate the students to challenge the problems, thereby make them construct meaning actively and improve the amount and degree of maintenance of memory on science teaming.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.16-22
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the daily life experiences of medical students and to explore gender differences in these experiences using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) as the method. The instrument, the Experience Sampling Form (ESF), consisted of questions on the external and internal experiences of the respondents. Data were collected from 2,035 ESFs by 91 students (male=52, female=39) at three medical schools for one week. The data was analyzed using the statistical tests of the t-test and ${\chi}^2$ test. Activity places were significantly different by gender (${\chi}^2=16.576$, p=.001). Males spent more time in learning places such as schools, libraries, etc., whereas females spent their time in personal places, including their homes, dormitories, etc. Males undertook more learning activities than did females, and females undertook more social/leisure activities and basic life activities than did male students (${\chi}^2=18.753$, p=.001). They were in a learning place and performing learning activities. There were significant perceptual differences between males and females about their flow levels, competency levels, and difficulty levels, based on the activity type. These results can help us to understand the daily lives of medical students and can be useful in developing counseling programs and educational activities for students.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to examine nurses' knowledge levels and educational needs related to an artificial pacemaker. Methods: Participants were 100 nurses working in cardiovascular departments from two university hospitals in Seoul. This study was a descriptive study using a survey for estimating knowledge levels and educational needs related to an artificial pacemaker among nurses. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 program using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: Nurses' knowledge levels were significantly different depending on working units (F=3.32, p=.014) and years of clinical experience (F=2.85, p=.042). Nurses who received education about an artificial pacemaker were higher in the knowledge level of complications after an implantation procedure (t=3.45, p<.001) than nurses who did not receive the education. Conclusion: Discharge education is critical for patients with artificial pacemaker implantation to go back to their daily activities. When developing artificial pacemaker education program for hospital nurses, factors such as nurses' working department and years of clinical experience years and updated information of an artifical pacemaker need to be considered.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2024

With the development of AI, multimedia tools in education offer personalized learning environments, which foster individual competencies. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of smart education as perceived by learners through a case study of university writing classes utilizing multimedia learning tools, and to explore potential applications. To achieve this, a writing course incorporating various multimedia tools to promote interaction was designed and implemented over the course of one semester, targeting 42 university students. Through the semester, student reactions and survey results were analyzed to investigate the effects and satisfaction levels regarding the use of multimedia learning tools in writing instruction as perceived by students. The analysis revealed that multimedia-assisted writing classes effectively fostered learners' autonomy by focusing on individual needs, while also promoting interaction and encouraging spontaneous participation. Students reported recognizing the presence of diverse perspectives by comparing and communicating about each other's writing, leading to an expansion of their own thinking. In using ChatGPT, it was found that students attempted to refine their questions until they obtained the desired answers. They reported that this process deepened their understanding of the essence of the questions. These benefits led to results of high levels of students' active class engagement and satisfaction. This study contributes foundational and empirical data regarding the effectiveness and potential applications of learner-centered smart education as part of fourth industrial revolution integration research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.404-413
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• 2007

This study was carried out to compare UCP2 polymorphism, dietary habits, and obesity index in normal and obese university students. The survey was carried out using self-questionnaires collected from the 126 normal and 60 obese university students. The results are summarized as follows. Breakfast was skipped in 43.7% of normal and 49.3% of obesity students and it appeared obese students eat faster than normal students. The percentage of weight control experience were 49.2 and 71.0 in the normal and obese students, respectively. Blood levels of lipid profiles(triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol), hemoglobin, AST and ALT were anaylzed. In UCP2 genes, the frequency of deletion homozygote(DD) was 71.5%, heterozygote(DI) was 26.9% and insertion homozygote(II) was 1.6%. Plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of normal students were 79.06, 172.25, 100.86 and 57.03 mg/dl, and those of obese students were 93.06, 173.22, 101.22 and 54.39 mg/dl, respectively. Blood parameters were in normal range in both group. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels of obese students were higher than those of normal students. On the other hand, plasma HDL cholesterol levels of obese students were lower than those of normal students. Plasma levels of AST and ALT were in normal range in both group. However, AST and ALT levels of obese students were higher than that of normal students. Thus, it was recommended for them to have a nutritional education program to improve their dietary and living habits for obese students’health. Nutritional education program should also be organized practically and systematically.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.77-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the HE(home economics) teachers' altruistic attitudes and levels of moral education in the middle and high schools. Data was collected from the survey mailed to the middle and high school HE teachers in Ulsan city. The 114 questionnaires were used for final analysis. SPSS/WIN for 10.0 program was used for analysis of the frequency and percentage, mean and standard derivation, T test, and One-way ANOVA according to the research questions. The results of this study were as the follows: First, HE teachers' altruistic attitudes were higher than average. They considered that trying their best in the virtue of social responsibility was very important. And they were inclined to share in others' situations and emotions with the empathic attitudes. Second, the levels of moral education in HE class were higher than average. Teachers valued moral virtues highly, such as respect for life, diligence and sincerity, courage, and respect for parents and the elderly. Third, HE teachers' individual variables, such as institution type shows the statistically meaningful difference in the levels of moral education. Teachers' group with more educational career and aged teachers' group, and public school teachers' group provided moral education more than the others.