• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.488-496
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• 2016

A survey of the satisfaction of school meals and food preferences was conducted with an objective to enhance the quality of food service. The study conducted a survey for 292 middle school students (152 boys and 140 girls), who were either in $1^{st}$ or $2^{nd}$ year. According to the general information, the number of $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ year students was 134 and 158, respectively. Usually, the mother (92.8%) prepared meal the most, followed in order by the grandmother (5.8%) and father (1.4%). The top priorities of choosing food were taste (82.9%), good for health (6.5%), nutritional value (4.5%), and flavor (3.1%). The satisfaction was investigated using a 5 point scale. The satisfaction of taste was rice ($3.99{\pm}0.74$), side dishes ($3.99{\pm}0.65$), soup ($3.61{\pm}0.86$), kimchi ($3.54{\pm}1.12$). The satisfaction of quantity was rice ($3.88{\pm}0.83$), soup ($3.87{\pm}0.79$), kimchi ($3.80{\pm}0.89$), and side dishes ($3.71{\pm}0.93$). The satisfaction of diversity was side dishes ($4.09{\pm}0.67$), rice ($4.01{\pm}0.77$), soup ($4.01{\pm}0.64$), kimchi ($3.84{\pm}0.86$). For food preferences, the noodle was ranked highest while vegetables showed the lowest. Overall, support will be needed to develop diverse menus for students. This study suggests the need for active nutrition education for establishing proper eating habits.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 1985

To investigate potential application of radurization technique as an effective tool for controlling histamine accumulation, histamine contents were determined in fresh Korean mackerel meat samples irradiated at six dose levels of gamma radiation up to 1 Mrad during 35 day-storage at $0^{\circ},\;5^{\circ}\;and\;10^{\circ}C$. Total bacterial counts, total volatile bases and trimethylamine contents were also estimated. The minimum and maximum doses for Korean mackerel were determined to be 0.2 and 0.5 Mrad, respectively. Irradiation induced redening of fish muscle tissue and redening appeared to be dose dependent. At low doses, this redening contributed positively to the overall sensory qualities. At 0.5 and 1.0 Mrad, on the other hand, meat samples were excessively redened to the extent that red and white muscle layers were not readily distinguishable. No appreciable histamine accumulation occured during entire 35 day-storage in fresh mackerel meats, whether irradiated or not, when they were kept at ice temperature. At $5^{\circ}C$, histamine started to accumulate slightly during late storage in the samples irradiated at low doses. Even in the unirradiated samples, the histamine accumulation did not exceed the level of 10.0 mg per 100g meat until the 28th day at $5^{\circ}C$. At $10^{\circ}C$, however, histamine accumulation in the unirradiated was phenomenal from very early storage and the values reached 827.5 mg per 100g meat by the 35th day, while histamine accumulation in the irradiated was severely suppressed. Irradiation invariably brought about a significant reduction of initial microflora, disrupting normal spoilage pattern. This was reflected in the suppression of not only histamine but also total volatile bases and trimethylamine accumulation during post-irradiation storage at refrigerated temperatures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.323-334
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to grasp the actual condition for social exclusion for the elderly, to understand the predictive factors of social exclusion. To achieve this objective, the social exclusion for the elderly was examined targeting 4,040 old people in more than 65 years old by using the second data for Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA) in 2008 by Korea Labor Institute. First, as a result of examining the actual condition for social exclusion for the elderly, the old people were indicated to be 45.4% for economic exclusion, 78.7% for working exclusion, 17.8% for residing exclusion, 43.8% for health exclusion, 33.7% for educational exclusion, and 34.3% for social-activity exclusion. Second, the possibility to be excluded economically was indicated to be bigger in the older age, in a case of not residing in a city and in the more number in household members. The possibility to be excluded from working was indicated to be higher in a case that old person is woman, in the older age, in a case that old person’s religion is christianity, in a case without spouse, in the more residing in a city, in a case that a household type is poor, in a case of dwelling in apartment, in the more number in household members. The possibility to be excluded from residing was indicated to be higher, in a case without spouse, in the more residing in a city, in a case that a household type is poor, in a case that a residing house type is general house, and in the less number in children. The possibility to be excluded from education was indicated to be higher in a case that old person is woman, in the older age, in a case that religion is not Christianity, in a case without spouse, in a case of not residing in a city, in a case that a household type is poor, in a case of the more children alive. The possibility to be excluded from health was indicated to be higher in a case that old person is woman, in the older age and in a case that a household type is poor. The possibility to be excluded from social activity was indicated to be higher in a case that old person is woman, in the older age, in a case that religion is not Christianity, in a case that a household type is poor, in a case of dwelling in apartment. This study has value as a basic research on social exclusion for the elderly.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to take the field manager's opinion about the dental hygiene student's competency. Study design was cross sectional contents analysis with the in-depth interviews. Twelve subjects were randomly selected in half an hour interview. They were signed there's own autograph on the informed consents. The contents of the qualitative interviews were divided into two parts: students' competency required for the field practice and the system of the field practice. The first part consisted of the attitude of the field's practice, how well has accomplished the job, and demanded requirements for the better performance. And the other part was made up of duration of practice, the number of students per institution and other opinion. The results showed that most of them have positive conception about student's competency. They mentioned that many students have 'enthusiastic behavior and attitude in task performance' and 'progressive attitude and mind in duty'. While 'lack of interest in practice and sociality', 'the arrogant demeanor in the fields', and 'passive behavior and attitude in the interpersonal relationship' should be avoided for excellent competency. It is required for dental hygiene students to write daily practice record and clarify their reasons to choose the institution for better performance. In addition, it should be considered to make concrete evaluation items and students and field managers should have mutual responsibility.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.230-239
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• 2017

These days, the demand of farm tours is on the rise in Korea. However, most of them are related to farming experience. To overcome the situation, ecological experience is introduced. In this sense, it is necessary to obtain the contents and educational materials of ponds, the space of farming and ecological experience. Therefore, this study analyzed the use patterns of oriental medicine of pond wetland plants. Oriental medicine is used for old and traditional knowledge, and is still applied to various fields, such as medical science, pharmacy, and science. The analyzed result of this study will be helpful for the educational materials of ecological experience. This study surveyed plants of 40 pond wetlands in rural areas, and looked into the use patterns of traditional medicine by using the contents of Korea Traditional Knowledge Portal being operated by Korean Intellectual Property Office. According to the vegetation survey of the 40 pond wetlands, there were a total of 457 taxa in 108 families, 309 genera, 392 species, 59 varieties, 5 forma, and 1 subspecies. Among them, 314 taxa in 53 families, 136 genera, 265 species, 45 varieties, 3 forma, and 1 subspecies had the information on the use patterns of traditional medicine. It means that 68.8% of the plants around pond wetlands contain traditional medicine. Given other application patterns, such as food, handcraft and traditional farming, more than 70~80% are expected to include traditional knowledge. 314 taxa used for traditional medicine had 570 kinds of efficacy and 325 kinds of disease treatment. It means that one taxon has 4.0 (0~20) kinds of efficacy on average and 6.6(0~20) kinds of disease treatment. It is expected that this study result will be applied to various fields, including experience, education, and medical science. And it is considered that valuable pond wetlands are worthwhile to be conserved constantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.427-431
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• 1984

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Korean ginseng and tocopherol on serum testosterone level, protein metabolism and swimming endurance in rats. Powdered ginseng (2.5 g/kg) and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ (250 mg/kg) were added directly into the basal diet of rats feeding for 6 weeks. The serum testosterone level of ginseng-treated rats had no difference from that of control rats, but the level was slightly increased in tocopherol-treated rats. In the case of ginseng-treated rats, there were no significant difference in the contents of albumin, ${\alpha}_1-globulin$, ${\alpha}_2-globulin$, ${\gamma}-globulin$ and A/G ratio compared with those of the control rats, however, the levels of total protein and ${\beta}-globulin$ were increased significantly(p<0.005). Total protein value of tocopherol-treated rats was higher than that of the control rats(p<0.005). In contrast, albumin content was slightly decreased. The contents of ${\alpha}_1-globulin$, ${\alpha}_2-globulin$, ${\beta}-globuiln$ and ${\gamma}-globulin$ were higher in the rats fed tocopherol diet that those obtained from the control rats. Accordingly A/G value was markedly decreased (p<0.001). In swimming endurance test, both Korean ginseng and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ did not appear to have any effect on rats' stamina.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the consumer recognition with regard to the safety management for imported foods. In order to evaluate the effect of the prgram on consumer education, the program was practiced for 89 female college students in Seoul, Korea. The participants were given an instruction with materials on imported food safety, including the safety management of imported foods and their distribution. The results showed that the participants achieved a greater understanding of imported foods. In particular, they had firmly grasped the importance of expiration date in selecting imported foods. Before the instruction, 50.6% of total participants blamed the Korean government for the problems arising from imported foods; only 18.0% placed the blame on individuals or businesses importing from foreign countries. After the instruction, 39.3% had blamed the individuals or businesses importing from foreign countries. Furthermore, 36.0% had disapproved of the foods that are imported from China before the instruction, while 32.6% found objectionable the views on the illegally distributed foods; 29.2% criticized the junk foods that target children (after the instruction). In addition, the level of participant satisfaction via-a-vis imported foods safety supervision had improved from $2.76{\pm}1.59$(before the instruction) to $3.37{\pm}1.58$(after the instruction). The results indicate that consumers are concerned with the imported foods that contain adulterated or forbidden substances and the illegally distributed foods from foreign countries. Thus, consistent and informative educational programs on imported food safety could help consumers in choosing safer products, resulting in an improvement in the consumer confidence with respect to imported foods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to bone mineral contents (BMC) at os calcis of adolescents. The subjects were 604 students (327 boys and 277 girls) between 7th and 9th grade in Seoul, Korea. The mean age was 14.2 ${\pm}$ 0.9 years. General characteristics were collected by a questionnaire, bone mineral contents (BMC) were measured in os calcis by Duel Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (PIXI, General Electronics, USA) and height and weight were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis method (Inbody 4.0, Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Mean BMC of os calsis were 2.241 g. Height (p <.0001), weight (p <.0001I), BMC (p <.0001I) ofboys were higher than those of girls. Percent body fat of girls, however, was higher than that of boys (p <.0001). Anthropometric measurement, pocket money, sibling, experience of fracture, pubertal stage, intake of supplements, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of boys. Anthropometric measurement, physical or outdoors activity, and eating habit had significant influence on BMC of girls. Multivariate regression with adjustment for sex and age showed that BMC was associated positively with height, BMI, frequency of regular activity, and intake of spinach or radish leaves (all p <0.05), and negatively with percent body fat (p <.0000 and Korean traditional diet pattern (p = 0.01). On the basis of these results, it is recommended to develop nutrition education and physical activity program for adolescents to improve BMC and prevent osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2007

To investigate effects of inorganic $(GeO_2)$ and organic (Ge-132) germanium (Ge) on seed germination and on early stage growth of plane and the uptake characteristics, various concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg $L^{-1}$) of Ge to popular vegetables such as leaf mustard, chinese cabbage and pak-choi, respectively, were treated. On seed germination, no significant effect was observed in both inorganic and organic Ge treatments except 100 mg $L^{-1}$ treatment of inorganic Ge. Exogenous inorganic Ge ($10{\sim}100$ mg $L^{-1}$ treatments significantly inhibited the early root elongation growth of all plants. However, slight enhancement of early shoot elongation was detected in low concentrations (10 and 25 mg $L^{-1}$) of Ge in the leaf mustard and chinese cabbage plants. Organic Ge treatments significantly stimulated the 개ot and shoot growth at the 10, 25 and 50 mg $L^{-1}$ treatments. Ge was accumulated linearly in the vegetables as both inorganic and organic Ge concentrations were increased. Interestingly, total contents of Ge in plants with Ge-132 treatments were $2\sim4.5$ times more than those with inorganic Ge treatments in all concentrations. At 25 mg $L^{-1}$ treatment of Ge, contents of Ge in vegetables are following: in leaf mustard, inorganic Ge: 0.37 mg $g^{-1}dw$ and organic Ge: 1.47 mg $g^{-1}dw;$ in the chinese cabbage, inorganic Ge: 0.4 mg $g^{-1}dw$ and organic Ge: 0.86 mg $g^{-1}dw;$ in the pak-choi, inorganic Ge: 0.33 mg $g^{-1}dw$ and organic Ge: 0.70 mg $g^{-1}dw$, respectively. These results showed organic Ge is much better on early stage seedling growth and on germanium accumulation of vegetables than inorganic Ge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1986

This paper aims to study the reactions of lipid or oxidized lipid with protein during drying and storing hair tail fish(Trichurus lepturus) and flounder(Kanakius kitaharai) being generally consumed as dried seafood products in Korea and their influence on the drop of in vitro protein digestibility of these fish meat. The results of the study are as follows: The digestibility of the raw materials of flounder and hair tail fish was 87.63% and 86.08% respectively, and that of sundried and hot air dried materials went down $1{\sim}2$ percent with drying process. But in case of defatted and sundried materials, the rate increased 85.15% and 87.15% respectivley. After 30 days of storage, the digestibility decreased in all materials, and hot air dried meat showed a significant decrease. Trypsin indigestible substrate (TIS) contents of flounder and hair tail fish, in case of raw materials were 0.88 and 0.96mg/g. solid repectiveiy and in case of defatted and sundried materials, TIS contents showed a low increase and digestibility showed a high increase. Brown pigment formation had a wide range of increase in case of the sundried and hot air dried materials and it was increased with duration of storage and temperature. The major fatty acids in the fats of hair tail fish and flounder were $C_{18:1},\;C_{16:0},\;C_{22:6}\;and\;C_{16:1}$ and rate of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was 79.2:20.8 for flounder, 67.8:32.2 for hair tail fish. After 30 days of storage at room temperature. saturated fatty acids increased compared with the raw materials while unsaturated fatty acids showed a tendency to decrease. Avaialble lysine of hair tail fish was higher than that of flounder and both of them lost about 8.23% of that in raw materials after 30 days of storage.