• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2019

We identified how plants affected by the human behavior of crushing plants respond and what kind of plants responded sensitively. We investigated Lactuca sativa "Gaesebadak", Syneilesis palmata and Peucedanum japonicum as plants that humans use for edible purposes, and Achyranthes japonica and Bidens bipinnata as wild plants that stick to people's clothes and disperse seed. Plants exposed to human breathing air were compared with those exposed to human breathing air after being crushed. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a chemical word, was measured using Syft/MS, which detects real-time VOC, and related genes were analyzed. The amount of MeJA of Syneilesis palmata and Peucedanum japonicum as edible plants was greater than that of non-edible plants that disperse seeds using humans. The amount of MeJA ranged from 0.20 ppb to 0.35 ppb when the control group were not exposed to human breathing air. On the other hand, MeJA decreased after increasing for the first hour in human breathing air. Also, MeJA affected by human breathing after crushing plants was higher than that affected by just human breathing air. Peucedanum japonicum showed the most distinctive difference between the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants and the treatment with just human breathing. In addition, the gene activity of JAR1 and JMT increased 3 hours after the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants. Therefore, in the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants, the concentration of MeJA and the activity of related genes showed the same tendency to increase. As a result, the plant that responded sensitively to human behavior was Peucedanum japonicum. Plants released MeJA as a chemical word in the treatment with human breathing air after crushing plants.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2007

새로운 기능성 소재를 탐색하기 위하여, 13종의 식용 및 약용식물의 종자추출물을 조제하여 생리활성물질 함량, 항산화활성 그리고 tyrosinase 억제활성을 분석하였다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 주목에서 각각 $57.51mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$과 $7.98mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 종자추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 머루$\times$'캠벨얼리' 교배종에서 $RC_{50}$이 $0.03mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$로 가장 높았고, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 고음나무 종자에서 $RC_{50}$이 $0.109mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$로 가장 높게 나타났다. Ferric thiocyanate(FTC) 방법으로 linoleic acid에 대한 과산화 억제효과를 조사한 결과, 감나무, 고욤나무, 당후박나무, 쪽동백나무, 머루, 머루$\times$'캠벨얼리' 교배종, 묏대추나무, 대추나무의 종자추출물에서 BHT와 유사한 수준의 억제활성을 보였다. 종자추출물의 tyrosinase 억제활성은 감나무, 고욤나무, 탱자나무, 벚나무, 묏대추나무, 대추나무에서만 나타났으며, 특히 고음나무에서 가장 높았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2017

본 연구는 식의약소재로 활용 가치가 높은 늘어진장대(Arabis pendula L.)의 대량증식을 위한 기초연구로 종자의 형태적 특성과 발아특성을 규명하고, 최적 발아조건을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 늘어진장대 종자는 종피에 날개가 있는 원형으로 색은 진갈색이며, 너비 1.47 mm, 길이 1.25 mm이고, 배는 굴곡형이며 무배유종자이다. 온도와 광조건 실험에서, 종자 발아는 $20^{\circ}C$, 암조건에서 가장 우수하였다(49.7%). 그러나 암조건에서는 유묘가 약하고 웃자랐으며, 자엽이 작고 말려있는 특징을 보였다. 종자 발아와 유묘의 생육을 촉진하기 위하여 종자를 다양한 농도의 $GA_3$ 희석액(0, 200, 500, 1,000 mg/L)에 침지하여 전처리 한 후 파종하였다. 연구 결과, $GA_3$ 희석액 500 mg/L처리구에서 종자 발아율이 가장 높고(97.3%), 발아 소요기간이 짧았으며(8.1일), 유묘의 생육 또한 왕성하였다. 연구의 결과, 늘어진장대 종자의 최적 발아조건은 $GA_3$ 500 mg/L희석액에 침지처리($4^{\circ}C$, dark, 24시간)하여 $20^{\circ}C$에 파종하여 15일 동안 발아시키는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2000

천연물로부터 새로운 항산화물질을 구명하기 위하여 국내에서 생산된 약용작물 38종을 수집하여 항산화 활성물질을 탐색한 결과 가시오갈피, 구절초, 건강, 목단, 시호, 산수유, 삼백초, 산사, 유근피, 작약, 천궁, 홍화씨, 및 황금등 13종이 항산화 활성이 높은 생약재로 선발되었다. 선발된 13종의 생약재중 홍화씨에 대한 활성물질을 추적, 분리하여 NMR로 물질구조를 동정한 결과 N-feruloylserotonin이 항산화 물질이라는 것을 처음 밝혀냈다. DPPH radical소거 활성에 의한 기존 항산화제인 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, BHA 및 BHT를 N-feruloylserotonin과 항산화력를 비교한 결과 N-feruloylserotonin이 $6.6{\mu}g/ml$로 활성이 가장 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2010

Jatropha curcas L. (Physic nut) is a commercially important non-edible oil seed crop known for its use as an alternate source of biodiesel. In order to investigate the morphogenic potential of immature embryo, explants from four developmental stages were cultured on medium supplemented with combinations of auxins and cytokinins. It was found that the size of embryo is critical for the establishment of callus. Immature embryos (1.1-1.5 cm) obtained from the fruits 6 weeks after pollination showed a good response of morphogenic callus induction (85.7%) and subsequent plant regeneration (70%) with the maximum number of plantlets (4.7/explant) on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) and BA (1.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$). The above medium when supplemented with growth adjuvants such as 100 $mg\;l^{-1}$ casein hydrolysate + 200 $mg\;l^{-1}$ L-glutamine + 8.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$ $CuSO_4$ resulted in an even higher frequency of callus induction (100%). Plant regeneration (90%) with the maximum number of plantlets (10/explant) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 500 $mg\;l^{-1}$ polyvinyl pyrrolidone + 30 $mg\;l^{-1}$ citric acid + 1 $mg\;l^{-1}$ BA + 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ Kn + 0.25 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA. It was observed that plantlet regeneration could occur either through organogenesis of morphogenic callus or via multiplication of pre-existing meristem in immature embryos. The age of immature embryos and addition of a combination of growth adjuvants to the culture medium appear to be critical for obtaining high regeneration rates. Well-developed shoots rooted on half-halfstrength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA and 342 $mg\;l^{-1}$ trehalose. The rooted plants after acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field in different agro-climatic zones in India. This protocol has been successfully evaluated on five elite lines of J. curcas.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2020

Citrus junos seeds (CS) have been traditionally used for the treatment of cancer and neuralgia. They are also used to manufacture edible oil and cosmetic perfume. A large amount of CS shells without oil (CSS) are discarded after the oil in CS is used as foods or herbal remedy. To efficiently utilize CSS as a by-products, it needs to be studied through chemical analysis. Therefore, we developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-diode array detection (DAD) method for simultaneous determination and quantitative analysis of five components (two flavonoids and threes limonoids) in CSS. A Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 ㎛) was used for this separation. It was maintained at 40 ℃. The mobile phase used for the analysis was distilled water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. To identify the quantity of the five components, a mass spectrometer (MS) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used. The regression equation showed great linearity, with correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9912. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of the five compounds were 0.09 - 0.13 and 0.26 - 0.38 ㎍/mL, respectively. Recoveries of extraction ranged from 97.45% to 101.91%. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of intra- and inter-day precision were 0.06 - 1.15% and 0.19 - 0.25%, respectively. This UPLC-DAD method can be validated to simultaneously analyze quantities of marker flavonoids and limonoids in CSS.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2023

Carthamus tinctorius L. (known as safflower) is a valuable oil plant whose importance is increasing rapidly in the world due to its high adaptation to arid regions. The seeds of this unique plant are especially used in edible oil, soap, paint, varnish and lacquer production. Its flowers are used in vegetable dye production and medicinal purposes beside its features as a coloring and flavoring in food. After the oil is removed, the remaining pulp and plant parts are used as animal feed, and dry straw residues are used as fuel. Beside all these features, its usage as a herbal medicinal plants for various diseases has gained importance on recent years. In this study, it was designed a plant metabolomic approach which transfers all the recent data processing strategies of untargeted metabolomics in clinical applications to the present study. Q-TOF LC/MS-based analysis of the extracts (70% ethanol, hexane, and chloroform) for both seed and flowers was performed using a C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 µM, 100 × 2.1 mm). Differences were observed in seed and fruit extracts and these differences were visualized using principal component analysis (PCA) plots. The total number and intersections of the peaks in the extracts were visualized using peak count comparison graph. Based on the experimental results, the number of the detected peaks for seeds was higher than the ones for the flowers for all solvent systems to extract the samples.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.94-94
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• 2020

Safflower, a draught and salt tolerant oil seed crop of Compositae family, has been cultivated around the world mainly as source of edible oils and dyes, where India, the USA, Mexico, Australia, and Ethiopia contributing about 85% of the production altogether. In this study we have characterized some selected morphological properties of safflower plant and determined the the total phenolic content (TPC) and fatty acid composition in seeds of 237 genetic resources. All the seed coats were white colored while the petals had red, yellow and white pigments. The yellow was the predominant petal color being recorded in 182 accessions followed by red occurring in 49 accessions. The petal color of 47 of the accessions changed with development while the 190 accession showed no change of color. The leaves are ovate to obovate, mostly with dentate (21 moderate and 205 weak) and few smooth (11) margins. The plant length, leaf length, and leaf width were ranged between 65.7 and 160.8 cm, 14.3 and 37.0 cm, and 3.3 and 12.1 cm, respectively. The TPC was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method and fatty acid compositions were evaluated using gas chromatography. The TPC content ranged from 23.71 to 132.72 µgGAE/mg dried extract (DE). The seeds of safflower genetic resources accounted an average crude fat content of 26.25% (14.84 to 41.70%). The total fatty acid is mainly comprised of 71.72% linoleic acid (18:2) and 20.08% oleic acid (18:1) on average, the remaining palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0) and linolenic acid (18:3) contributing 5.84, 2.23 and 0.15 %, respectively. The fatty acid composition of safflower seeds has shown great variability, where oleic and linoleic acid have a wide range of variation, from 9.23 to 83.35% and from 10.46 to 82.62%, respectively

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2007

녹차씨유의 장기간 섭취가 혈청 콜레스테롤과 간 조직에서의 항산화능 및 염증반응 인자에 미치는 영향을 동맥경화 유발이 용이한 콜레스테롤식이를 섭취시킨 쥐에서 연구하였다. 4주령의 C57BL/6 mice($male,\;20.01{\pm}0.24\;g$)를 3군으로 나눈 후 콜레스테롤식이에 옥수수유, 녹차씨유, 올리브유를 각각 10%씩 함유한 식이를 9주간 섭취시켰다. 3주마다 안구혈관으로부터 혈액을 취해 혈청 콜레스테롤을 측정하였고 항산화능은 9주 후 간 조직에서 TBARS로 측정하였으며 혈장과 대식세포에서의 LTB4, TNF-α, PGE2, NO측정을 통하여 염증반응인자에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험군 간의 체중의 증가는 녹차씨유군에서 올리브유군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 식이섭취량은 녹차씨유군에서 유의적으로 낮았으나(p<0.05) 군 간의 식이효율에는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 녹차씨유군에서 다른 군에 비해 체중이 감소한 것은 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 식이섭취량이 다소 낮은 수준에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 간의 무게는 올리브유군에서 가장 낮았으나 녹차씨유군과 옥수수유군 간에는 차이가 없었다. 혈청의 콜레스테롤농도는 식이 섭취 6주까지는 모든 군에서 증가하였으나 그 증가수준은 녹차씨유군에서 옥수수유군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05) 식이섭취 9주에는 군 간에 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간조직의 TBARS는 옥수수유군에 비해 녹차씨군과 올리브유군에서 모두 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈장의 LTB4, TNF-α, NO의 생성능은 녹차씨유 섭취군에서 가장 낮은 경향을 보였으며 대식세포에서는 녹차씨유을 섭취시킨 군이 옥수수유를 섭취시킨 경우보다 이들 염증반응인자의 생성정도가 다소 낮은 경향을 보였으나 실험군들 간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않아 녹차씨유는 염증반응인자에 대하여 다른 식물성기름과 다르지 않는 영향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 올리브유와 지방산 조성이 유사한 녹차씨유의 일정기간섭취는 콜레스테롤식이 섭취에 따른 혈장의 콜레스테롤 농도 억제하는 효과가 있으며 옥수수유 섭취군에 비해 효과적으로 TBARS생성을 낮추므로 녹차씨유가 콜레스테롤식이 섭취에 따른 산화적 스트레스를 방어하는 효과가 있고 녹차씨유가 혈장과 대식세포에서의 염증반응에 미치는 영향은 옥수수유나 올리브유와 크게 다르지 않는 것으로 생각되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.607-611
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• 2012

Non-toxic stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs), which are central immunomodulators, may aid the prevention of cancer. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by anticancer agents contributes to the induction of DC maturation. We previously reported that extracts from $Pinus$ $parviflora$ Sieb. et Zucc pine cone and $Mucuna$ seed induce differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells into mature dendritic cells and also induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we screened 31 kinds of edible beans with biological activity similar to that of extracts from pine cone and $Mucuna$ and found that the heat-stable extract from azuki bean ($Vigna$ $angula$) stimulated differentiation of bone marrow cells into immature DCs with the greatest efficacy. The level of IL-6 produced by sequential treatment of DCs with azuki extract and lipopolysaccharide was the highest among the examined beans. Azuki extract also inhibited the growth of human leukemia U937 cells, leading to induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that azuki bean and its extract are immunopotentiating foods that can be used as a dietary supplement for cancer prevention and immunotherapy.