• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2009

To produce ginsenoside-Rg$_3$ enriched edible yeast, ginseng steaming effluent (GSE) was used for yeast cultivation in this study. Four kinds of edible yeasts were cultured in sterilized GSE (2% w/v, pH 6.5), without any nutrient, for 48 h at 30$^{\circ}C$, and their growth and ginsenoside compositions were determined. Among the yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the highest growth in the GSE medium. 267.1 mg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass was produced from 1 g of GSE solid and ginsenoside-Rg$_3$ contents was determined with 0.033 mg. Saccharomyces cerevisiae also showed the best overall acceptability, with a herbal and fermentative flavor and a slightly bitter taste. From these data, we conclude that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the excellent strain for production of ginsenoside-Rg$_3$ enriched edible yeast using GSE.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 1981

Three edible species and one species utilized as drug were selected from wild mushrooms collected from mountains and fields throughout Korea during 1977 to 1979 for artificial cultivation. The media, MES for G. lucidum, MHS for P. rudis and MSES and MHS for P. adipose and Pluteus sp. were selected. The range of optimum pH was 4.0 to 5.0 in citric acid-sodium phosphate dibasic for the tested species. The range of optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of G. lucidum and P. adiposa was 25 to 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 30 to 35$^{\circ}C$ for P. rudis and Pluteus sp. For the moisture content 75 to 80% (w/w) in the substrates, the mycelial growth of most tested species was rapid. As the spawning substrates, poplar sawdust for G. lucidum and Pluteus sp., oak sawdust for P. rudis and wheat for P. adipose were selected, respectively. In this experiment, the fruit bodies of all tested species were appeared. Among them, G. lucidum for medicinal purpose and P. adiposa and Pluteus sp. for sources of new edible mushrooms seems to be possible. However, the sporophores of P. rudis were not adequate as an edible mushroom for the commercial due to the leathery flesh.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

Mycoviruses have been found in many fungal species including mushrooms. Double-stranded (ds) RNA genomes were common type in mycoviruses, but single-stranded (ss) RNA mycoviruses were also reported in some fungal species. Sequencing analysis using cDNA cloning experiments revealed that mycoviruses can be classified into several different virus families such as Totiviridae, Hypoviridae, Partitiviridae and Barnaviridae etc. Because the nucleotide sequence data that are available in these days are very limited in a number of mycoviruses, the existence of more diverse viral groups in fungi are currently expected. In this review, we selected four different fungal groups, which were considered as the model systems for mycovirus related studies in both plant pathogenic fungi and edible mushroom species, and discussed about their molecular characteristics of diverse mycoviruses. The plant pathogenic fungi introduced here were Cryphonectria parasitica and Helminthosporium victoriae and the edible mushroom species were Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 2011

Effectiveness of edible coatings containing soy protein isolate (SPI), in reducing oxidative browning and moisture loss during storage ($4^{\circ}C$) of cut apples, potatoes, carrots, and onions was investigated. The SPI coatings were shown to have antioxidative activity. Furthermore, addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to the formulations significantly improved its antioxidative activity. Oxidative discoloration, as determined by Commission Internationale De I'Eclairage (CIE) lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$), and yellowness ($b^*$) color scale, was significantly reduced (p <0.05) by SPI coating treatments over a storage time of 120 min. Loss of lightness was reduced by SPI coatings with and without CMC. These respectively showed 4.03 and 3.71% change of $L^*$ value compared to 8.56% for control. Browning of the control in cut potatoes was significantly increased by 106.6% in contrast to 34.3 and 35.2% for SPI coatings with and without CMC, respectively. The $b^*$ values also reflected effectiveness of SPI. Moisture barrier effect was significantly better for the treatments, compared to the control. SPI coatings reduced moisture loss in apples and potatoes, respectively, by 21.3 and 29.6% over the control. Cut onions did not show any treatment effect both in terms of browning and moisture loss. SPI coatings prove to be good moisture barrier and antioxidative property.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.249-253
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• 2007

Thirteen edible plants previously reported to show inhibitory activities on farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) and phosphatase of the regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) were evaluated for inhibitory activity on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Four plant extracts, Oenothera erythrosepala, Perilla frutescens, Panicum miliaceum, and Quercus acutissima, significantly inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs induced by the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) without cytotoxicity at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. Myristica fragrans, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Syringa patula also showed inhibitory activity on the proliferation with only mild cytotoxicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.162-162
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• 1998

Various natural compounds act as antioxidants in protection against lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation yields a variety of decomposition products which have been implicated in not only decreasing the nutritional value of food, but also in developing an off-flavor and toxic substances. As a source of safer and more effective natural antioxidants of natural origin have been widely investigated. Some Indonesian plants have evaluated for their antioxidative activity, and suggested the possible existence of various antioxygenic compounds in them. We attempted to study such antioxygenic compounds with simple method evaluation. As we are interested in the natural product compounds, we examined of several sample such as edible sea-weeds, and some edible fruits. Sea-weed, Eisenia bicyclis, one of the edible brown algae, exhibited the activity. As a traditional food additive consumed by Indonesian, Garcinia parvifolia is used as taste supplement in region West Sumatra, have been studied. Our current studies on the semi-polar fractions shows the activity by the thiocyanate method test. Another sample, Garcinia mangostana, a famous fruit with sweet taste, the part kernel have also evaluated. The acidic fraction of the extract showed antioxidative activity. Some other active components were found in the neutral and BuOH fractions.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1975

Continued to the previous paper, the present investigation deals with stronitium-90 activities and calcium contents among 54 samples of edible marine algae collected along the coast of Korea during September, 1973 and April, 1974. The calcium contents are variable 2.0-17.8%, and 6.38% on an average. Most of the members investigated contain 2-4% in green and red algae, and 8-10% in brown algae. Strontium-90 activities are 0.32-0.37 pCi/l in sea-water, and 0.80-28.66 pCi$\^$90/Sr/g Ca in edible seaweeds. Among the algal phyla, they are 12.49 in green, 3.34 in brown, and 9.39 pCi$\^$90/Sr/g Ca in red algae, while they are 6.25 pCi$\^$90/Sr/g Ca on an average. In a single species collected at the same season, the highest activities appear mostly from the eastern coast, and from the western and southern coasts, in turn. The green algae, Capsosiphon- Enteromorpha complex show about 3 times higher activities, 28.66 pCi$\^$90/Sr /g Ca compared with the other members showing rather higher activities, and would be an indicator plant of strontium-90 activities of the marine algae along the coast of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.9_10
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• pp.1093-1100
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• 2003

Following a treatment with edible oils and/or washing, the tensile properties of vulcanized rubber were measured to assess the effect of the sorbed edible oil. Rubber soiled with soybean oil, after 8 weeks storage in a 30$^{\circ}C$ incubator, retained 61% of its original strength, and rubber soiled and washed retained the 73%. The strength of the rubber soiled with oil decreased remarkably during the first 2 weeks. After repeating this soiling and/or washing 7 times, the soiled rubber had only 16％ of its original strength, the rubber soiled and washed had 45%. In all cases, breaking elongations were not decreased as much as tensile strengths; therefore , more of the elasticity of the rubber remained than did the strength. From these results it is concluded that washing after soiling with oils is very helpful in maintaining the strength of rubber. In this study, three different surfactant solutions, AS, AE and AS/AE, were used. In the AS solution, the contact angle of the soybean oil was greater and the work of the detergency was the smaller than in either the AE or the AS/AE solution, the loss of the strength of the rubber washed in AS solution did not decrease significantly. These results suggest that rolling-up, emulsification and solubilization also participate in the removal of oil from rubber.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.504-514
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• 2001

The contents of total flavonoids, total antioxidant status and superoxide scavenger activity of edible plants were measured. Among twenty one samples of leafy vegetables and teas, mugwort (Artemesia capillaris) and green teas gave high total flavonoids contents, 48.2 mg/g sample and 44.7 mg/g sample, respectively. The highest concentration of total flavonoids among eighty nine samples analyzed was 52.1 mg/g sample from propolis. When samples were tested for total antioxidant status, a kind of groundsel showed the highest Total Antioxidant Status(TAS) value, 13.4 mM among leafy vegetables and teas and green tea gave high TAS value, 11.84 mM. On the other hand, purslane gave the lowest TAS value, 0.01 mM. The superoxide scavenge activity was measured from the extracts of all edible plants. The superoxide scavenge activity of polygonatum(81.1%) and chrysantemum (78.5%) were the highest among leafy vegetables, teas and medicinalplants. On the other hand, ginseng, poria, cassiae semen and dioscoreae rhizoma showed no superoxide scavenge activities.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.421-427
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• 2010

To isolate natural antihypertensive substances from edible seaweeds, we screened for and separated active compounds contained in natural Underia pinnatifida, cultural Underia pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica, Sporophylls and Agarum cribrosum. They were extracted using room temperature water, boiling water, acetone, and methanol in turn or using room temperature water, ether, acetone, methanol and boiling water in order. The in vitro antihypertensive activity was quantified as inhibitory efficacy against angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), which is a factor inducing hypertension. For all of the seaweeds tested, the fractions soluble in room temperature water and in boiling water showed the strongest ACE inhibitory effect among the extracted fractions. Conversely, the methanol-extracted fractions for all of the seaweeds tested showed no antihypertensive activity. While the ether and acetone fractions had slight antihypertensive effects. The compounds in the aqueous extracts that had antihypertensive activity were presumed to be polysaccharides, such as fucoidan and alginate.