• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.498-509
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• 1998

The phrases such as elders' powerless soliloquy or stammering and their positions unadjusted to the real world are, so far, one of negative views on elder's reminiscences. In other words, it means that elders can get psychological consolation from the getting themselves absorbed in their past. The starting point of this study is, however, that elders' reminiscence are their own mode of the existence. This dissertation is studied through Van Manen's phenomenological research method. The aim of this study is to examine the nature of Korean elders' reminiscences by both observing and describing the reminiscing content in everyday life of elders. The research participants consist of the ten elders who are community elders, hospitalized elders and nursing home residents. The period of the research is about a year from Jan., 1996 to Feb., 1997. The results of this study are as follows : The natures of elders' reminiscences are the regrecting on their life, mitigating the regrects, the confirmation of the powers and the confirmation of their life's mark. The regrecting on their life is the starting point of elders's reminiscences. Elders have tried to examine their life through reflection on their life that they did not live good life as son and daughter for parents and as parents for children and that they have foolishly lived, on dream that they did not come true, on their learning that they did not unsatisfied. But elders mitigate the regrects. They have felt their limitations of power in the conflict of human relation, the economic matter and the difficult predicament, and have finally accepted their life as it is by conquesting from their tenacity. It is dynamically found that both the regrecting on their life and mitigating of the regrection. And they pursuit the powers. It means the pursuit of the vital powers, the vigorous powers and the competency. Elders have pursued their vitality, vigor and competency through their reminiscences and have wanted to be recognised by others as a powerful being. These have dynamic and compounded aspects. The confirmation of their life's mark refer to through their own situation of health, condition, children, neighbourhood and doing their duty as a human. Elders have confirmed the present value of their being through the reflecting the present, past self, other men around themselves, children, neighborhood and the doing their human duty as a good men. Therefore the results of this study can offer new view on the elders' reminiscences that we have to understand them as a process as what they are, escaping from the simple logic that elders' reminiscence have a positive or a negative effects. Also, this study which have examined the natures of Korean elders' reminiscences can cast a new light on elders' nursing proper for Korean culture.

• Clean Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2001

In this study, PSA, known as the most economic process, was used to recover $CO_2$ from the power-plant flue gas. Activated carbon and zeolite molecular sieve 13X were used as adsorbent. Activated carbon has been deemed inadequated adsorbent for separating $CO_2$ from the flue gas. However, highly concentrated $CO_2$ could be obtained as a product on the activated carbon adsorbent using the new operating cycle modifying the rinse step. Also, the recovery of $CO_2$ was improved using double-layered adsorption column packed with the activated carbon and the zeolite 13X simultaneously. Adsorption column was filled with the activated carbon in the feed-end side, and the zeolite 13X in the product-end side. The recovery of $CO_2$ increased about 40% with only 25% zeolite, and increased 67% with 50% zeolite at the experimental conditions of 13% $CO_2$ concentration, 10 SLPM flow rate and 2.2 atm adsorption pressure.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.347-365
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• 2012

This study was carried out to enlighten on the factors by which newspaper headlines are determined and to empirically explore how news influence variables, editor's role orientation and professionalism have impact on deciding headlines. It turned out from the survey of 345 journalists working in the editorial departments of 17 major national daily and economic newspapers that 7 determinant factors have impact on editors deciding headlines: creativity, standardized expression, fairness, consideration for a readers, reflection of company policy, summarization and intriguer. In addition, the determinant factors of headlines were analyzed to have correlation with news influence variables such as the government-sponsors, readers and colleagues, and company policy and the management. In the awareness of role, also, it was shown that the editors who considered social integration as important place weighted on the reflection of company policy, fairness and creativity; those editors who placed power monitoring on priority took fairness and creativity seriously; and the editors who believed that delivering information was important thought of fairness, consideration for a readers and summarization as important. In addition, the organization-oriented editors turned out compliant to a system, positive on the governmental policies and sought for social stability; those editors who put a premium on a sense of objective balance and neutrality showed a strong aspect of a professional in social reform, check against government and the social governance by the privileged.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.119-133
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• 2012

Recent rise of social media channel is changing social and economic paradigm and is being used as an effective communication in marketing. The following research analyzes the most employed social marketing tools such as portal advertisement, blogs, and SNS channels to effectively execute social media marketing from performance indicator and ICSI perspective, analyzes each channel's characteristics and results based on Korea distribution companies' case studies and suggests a framework to effectively use each channel. Portal site advertisements are the most effective channel to draw customers with new information and are thus linked to profit by corporations with excessive budget and workforce. Blogs target a specific range of customers providing quality information and knowledge thus improving a corporation's and its product's trustworthiness, spread the word by allowing customers to scrap the information, form social groups and synthesize ideas, events, new contents and social involvement with loyal customers. SNS channels allow customers to get involved in real time information and events, grow through network by the power of customers, react immediately to customers' needs, and execute real-time market and customer reports. Though national corporations currently rely heavily on portal site advertisements, insightful marketing professionals are showing financial results with blog and SNS. In the future, based on a precise understanding of each channel's benefits and expected results, and with a focus on flexibility, timeliness and integrated use of each channel, a portfolio of dynamic marketing as a maximizing strategy could be synthesized.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

Currently, the delayed compensation system, which does not reflect the R&D characteristics of the defense industry, is being applied, causing problems such as worsening management of defense companies and delayed power generation. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of the defense industry and the efficient promotion of combat capability by studying the improvement plan of the delayed compensation system reflecting the R&D characteristics of the defense industry. The research analyzed the defense industry R&D characteristics, national R&D, delayed compensation rate, reduction and exemption procedures and existing studies. Further, the Delphi technique was applied based on the status of the delayed compensation and the analysis of the cause of delay. It has been studied that it is not appropriate to apply the 'manufacturing and purchasing' standard of commercial products to defense industry R&D where the latest technology is applied and the success is unclear. Four measures were drawn to prevent delays, including the selection of excellent technology companies, and three measures to reduce delay compensation and apply differentials for rational treatment in case of delays. Just as the defense industry R&D is carried out under the Defense Acquisition Program Act due to the nature of the R&D industry, the defense industry will develop if the delayed compensation system is improved to reflect the R&D characteristics of the defense industry, and it will contribute to the acquisition of an efficient and economic weapons system.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.129-148
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• 2017

The political system of Xi Jinping which was launched in 2013, faced many difficulties both domestically and internationally. Xi Jinping must integrate and stabilize society through political reforms, such as sustained economic growth and Resolved corruption. In addition, he should seek new relations with the United States on the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. Therefore, this study analyzed political leadership of Chinese political leaders including Xi Jinping using Max Weber 's political domination type. From the first generation political leaders to the fourth generation political leaders in China, the types of political domination of the first and second generation political leaders tend to be charismatic rather than legitimate domination. But the third generation political leaders tend to have a tendency of traditional domination rather than legitimate domination, and the fourth generation political leaders have a tendency to dominate more than traditional domination. On the other hand, the type of political domination of Xi Jinping shows traditional domination and legitimate domination tendency in the process of political growth and emergence, but shows tendency of charismatic domination after domination of political power.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.651-660
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• 2016

This study analyzed the contribution of the national economy, China's textile industry by 2010 I-O Table issued by the Chinese Bureau of Statistics 2013. The results shows that the production inducement coefficient of China's textile industry is the column total 3.6228 and in line total 3.5452, is a key industry that leads the industry in China. Second, the index of the power of dispersion of the Chinese textile industry is 1.1982, index of the sensitivity of dispersion is 1.1725. Third, income inducement coefficient of China's textile industry 0.5228, tax inducement coefficient 0.1522, a value-added inducement coefficient 1. Especially China's textile industry induce 2993.6 trillion yuan(textile industry of 8.6 trillion yuan, up 3.0%) in the national production, value-added inducement 97.1 trillion yuan (textile industry 1.7 trillion yuan, up 2.0%), income inducement 42.8 trillion yuan (textile industry 0.9 one trillion yuan, 2.0%), also tax inducement 15.4 trillion yuan (textile industry 0.3 one trillion yuan, 2.0%).

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-38
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• 2005

Our paper aims to estimate a household consumption function in the presence of liquidity constraints as well as household characteristics. Empirical findings from a Korean cross-sectional data (National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure) reveal that several family characteristics, such as household size, number of working members, children in school, and educational level and age of the household head, turn out to be critical determinants of household consumption. Especially, the influence of household size on consumption decision is shown to be highly significant, not only indirectly through its impact on household income, but also directly by affecting the household's preference for consumption itself. While, the other family characteristics primarily influences household income. Our paper distinguishes itself from existing literature in that it greatly improves the explanatory power of the estimated household consumption function by measuring the degree of the liquidity constraint rather than simply identifying its presence. Based on the assumption that the present value of human capital is a function of household characteristics, the degree of the liquidity constraint is represented by the underestimated portion of the human capital. Such a method of implementing the liquidity constraint is useful in treating various types of assets according to their liquidity. Finally, our estimated household consumption function is applied to decompose cross-sectional variances of consumption inequality. The analysis confirms that the overall alleviation in liquidity constraints in Korea after the 1997 currency crisis reduced consumption inequality despite the worsening of income inequality and changes in the demographic composition of family characteristics during the same period.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.311-342
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• 2015

We evaluate two main rationales of massive policy intervention of Lee Administration in the Korean transportation fuel market: high market share of domestic refineries, perceived by the Administration as the result of high market concentration, and asymmetry in price adjustment, perceived as the result of collusion. Domestic refineries, huge in capacity and located at seaports, maintain international competitiveness in price. Considering market openness offering preferential treatment to importers, they set domestic prices competitively on the basis of MOPS prices. Yet, the price competitiveness of domestic refineries is so high that they are able to sustain high market share. We confirm that the Korean before-tax consumer prices of gasoline and diesel are lower than Japan's and the weighted averages of 27 EU countries by as much as 159KRW and 21KRW per liter in the case of gasoline and 170KRW and 63KRW in the case of diesel. Price asymmetry is caused by diverse economic and managerial reasons and, as FTC (2005) states, price asymmetry does not immediately imply exercise of market power or collusion. We analyzed price asymmetry in Korea, Japan and 14 EU countries, and found asymmetry in Korea and 11 EU countries in the case of gasoline and in Korea and 8 EU countries in the case of diesel.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.181-192
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• 2018

In the current economic situation of China, the leadership style and organizational commitment of employees has become an important topic. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among leadership style, employee empowerment and organizational commitment. And help leaders to understand which leadership style is more important and suitable for them, and to increase employees sense of identify of the organization and giving them more power so that they can work more effectively. To serve this purpose, this study conducted an extensive survey of IT companies in ShenZhen, China, and 403 valid data was collected. The research model was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. According to the result, leadership style has a profound influence on organizational commitment. And leadership style can also impact on empowerment. Employees' empowerment also significantly influence the organization commitment, and exist a mediating effect between the leadership style of organizational commitment. The results of this study provided a new reference and a more suitable leadership style for Chinese IT enterprises that transactional leadership is more effective than transformational leadership, and it is more effective to encourage employees with rewards.