• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

Starting her business operation on January 5 2007, Taiwan High Speed Rail(THSR) shapes a new time-space frame for Taiwan western corridor, where more than 90% of national population lives around and more than 95% gross domestic product created from. Comparing with the four-hour traveling time by highway before 2007, THSR reduces the time required to one and half hours from Taipei to Kaohsiung. It will not only benefit the communication along the island from north to south, but also change the location advantages/disadvantages for all cities in these regions. Therefore, this paper establishes a spatial computable general equilibrium model(SCGE Model) to simulate the economic effect of High Speed Rail(HSR). This SCGE model divides Taiwan economy into fifteen geographic regions and thirteen industries. Each region has three sectors: household sector, transportation sector, and industries sector. Following the behavior function of economic theories, the general equilibrium can be achieved simultaneously. Thus, gross regional product (GRP), capital formation, employment income and welfare/utility level can be all observed by calculating the different economic result between cases with-/ without-HSR. Besides, this model presents the social welfare benefit from HSR operation, the polarization phenomenon among regions and within certain region, unbalance distribution of welfare along the HSR line, and industries development divergence among regions etc. These major findings should be useful for regional development policy making.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1896-1912
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• 2007

Starting her business operation on January 5 2007, Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) shapes a new time-space frame for Taiwan western corridor, where more than 90% of national population lives around and more than 95% gross domestic product created from. Comparing with the four-hour traveling time by highway before 2007, THSR reduces the time required to one and half hours from Taipei to Kaohsiung. It will not only benefit the communication along the island from north to south, but also change the location advantages/disadvantages for all cities in these regions. Therefore, this paper establishes a spatial computable general equilibrium model (SCGE Model) to simulate the economic effect of High Speed Rail (HSR). This SCGE model divides Taiwan economy into fifteen geographic regions and thirteen industries. Each region has three sectors: household sector, transportation sector, and industries sector. Following the behavior function of economic theories, the general equilibrium can be achieved simultaneously. Thus, gross regional product (GRP), capital formation, employment income and welfare/utility level can be all observed by calculating the different economic result between cases with-/ without-HSR. Besides, this model presents the social welfare benefit from HSR operation, the polarization phenomenon among regions and within certain region, unbalance distribution of welfare along the HSR line, and industries development divergence among regions etc. These major findings should be useful for regional development policy making.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.77-109
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• 2005

On the basis of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey for the 1997 through 2003 period, this paper investigates if the income distribution has become more bi-polarized since the recent financial crisis. The polarization measure developed by Esteban and Ray(l994) and Duclos, Esteban, and Ray(2004) indicates that the distribution of total income has become much more bi-polarized than unequalized for the entire sample period. Second, the rapid increase in the bi-polarization measure is attributed to the enhanced within-group homogeneity among the lower-income group as well as the widening gap between the two groups in the mean income level. Third, no such pattern exists in the distribution of labor income. Overall, the findings in the current study would support the hypothesis of a centrifuging society which is characterized by the slow disappearance of the middle class and the formation of two poles and which is observed in the United States and the United Kingdom among others.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.78
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• pp.145-174
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• 2018

This study, focused on Official Development Assistance(ODA) as a solution to the global polarization and demonstrated how corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a role in raising the performance of ODA. First, socio - economic value and profit - created by CSV activities have a significant effect on constructing an economic reciprocal relationship between donor countries and recipient countries. In addition, it has shown that it promotes the simultaneous development of companies and society through the strategic CSR model and consequently contributes to the achievement of ODA. Second, it suggests that the elements of the BOP model have a significant effect on improving the unreasonable wage system and unethical working conditions of developing countries. Furthermore, this suggests that improving the income of the poor can improve the performance of ODA. Third, this study reconstructed 'CSR Pyramid' of Carrol and newly devised CSRD theory. In the case of ODA to developing countries, economic, legal, ethical, and charitable responsibilities are set priorities. In this study, it is suggested that the priority should be flexibly set as economic ${\rightarrow}$ charitable ${\rightarrow}$ ethical ${\rightarrow}$ legal responsibility. This study reexamines the strategic CSR model in the international management field and conducted empirical analysis on CSV, BOP, CSRD model as the constituent elements. In addition, the strategic CSR model that has moved away from the traditional and old-fashioned perspectives still has room for development, and exploratory research to develop the model will continue to contribute to clarifying the concept and scope of CSR.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.261-304
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• 2013

This article is aiming intensively to analyze the polarizing tendency of labour market and social integration. The polarization of labour market is being regarded as one of the hottest issues not less important than those problems of economic growth, employment, income distribution and national security etc. in the national policy. In this article, we will first follow up the important phenomena of labour market polarization and the background as well as its consequence. Especially, it asks if the present labour policy in the new government which is now being concentrated on the improvement of employment rate(from the present 63% to the 70% in the future) could deserve to diminish the polarization of labour market in korea. At one side, this article makes the special attention on the diversifying tendency of labour market and the various phenomena of fragmentation and segmentation in the labour market according to the forms and types of employment and according to the employee's status as much as the company's size. At the other side, it emphasizes that to overcome the polarization of labour market should require the wide reform from the legal measure to the improvement of the wage system, and the qualification system and the social investment as well as the human resource development. Furthermore, this article stresses the importance of integrative approach between the active market policy and the social policy instead of choosing each policy option, seperatively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.217-222
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• 1998

In these days, mostof marine structures are constructed by reinforcement concrete due to economic reason. Theoretically, it is widely recognized that rebar in sound concrete is safe against corrosion because of the high alkalinity of concrete. However, corrosion for reinforcement concrete made by marine aggregate and exposed to ocean enviroments has become serious social problem. Especially in Korea, with the rapid economic growth construction activities have been accelerated and needed more natural aggregate. Therefore, inevitably marine aggregate had to be used due to limitation of good quality aggregate. In this study, as a part of efforts to establish the fundamental counterplan on corrosion problems related to marine aggregate, concrete specimens with chloride containing material and inhibitor have been studied. And, in order to analyze corrosion characteristics several electrochemical techniques including half-cell potential survery, linear and cyclic polarization tests were carried out.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 1986

Spectral induced polarization (IP) responses for 20-degree dipping body are obtained by both numerical and scale models. The IP responses for the dipping body vary not only with current frequencies but also with resistivity ratios between the body and the surrounding medium. If the ion concentration related to polarizable reaction is constant, the resistivity of polarizable body depends only on the current frequency. This implies that the IP responses to the resistivity ratio are qualitatively equivalent to those to the current frequency. The numerical results with wide-range resistivity ratios, therefore, can be used as standard curves for the interpretation of spectral IP data.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 1985

I.P exploration is conducted mainly at the alluvium covered granodiorite stock of the Red Hill area at the Dongjeom coal mine, employing Canadian Mcphar equipments of variable frequencies-domain method along a total of 8.5 survey line. Mineralization zone is found by LP anomalies along the I.P the profile of frequency mode. Comparing with the past drilling data, the cause of each anomly is furthermore identified as copper bearing mineralized zones. As alteration and mineralization cover all over the Red-Hill altered grandiorite, copper bearing sulfide veinlets and strings filled out the fractured and altered zones.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.187-207
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• 2002

This study investigates the wage determination process of regional labor markets in order to understand the regional dimension of labor market processes in Korean metropolitan cities. Since the financial crisis in late 1997, the interplay between labor market restructuring such as unemployment and skill polarization and income disparity has been shaped by the labor market process in the metropolitan cities. This is also closely related to the fact that both industrial restructuring and expanding information technologies in the metropolitan region have reshaped the labor demand structure and finally resulted in structural unemployment due to skill mismatch and spatial mismatch and wage inequality across different occupations. In addition, since wage determination process clearly has a regional dimension, wage determination and its influence on income profile in a certain regional labor market need to be understood by investigating its labor market characteristics including labor supply and demand structure, industrial changes, changing unemployment, etc. This is why labor market policy as a regional policy needs to be redefined and it can be much enhanced by geographical investigation on regional labor market.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.127-165
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• 2014

This article regards the phase of political confrontations in Thailand and Burma as a prolonged and inconclusive political struggle between national revolution forces and civil revolution forces. It argues that in Thai case, anti-monarchy constitutional revolution has led to a right-wing national revolution based on state nationalism consolidating capitalist economic system by Sarit's military coup, while in Burmese case, anti-British imperialism movement in colonial era has resulted in a left-wing national revolution grounded on state nationalism associating with socialist economic system by Ne Win's military coup. It is also interesting to note that the two cases experienced state nationalism denying autonomous civil society as a process of nation-building in spite of their contrasting ideologies. In both cases, it became inevitable to have national revolution forces clinging to official nationalism and state nationalism confronting with civil revolution forces seeking popular nationalism and liberal nationalism. In particular, unlike Burmese society, Thai society, without colonial history has never experienced a civil war mobilizing anti-colonial popular nationalism including ethnic revolt. This article considers Dankwart Rustow's argument that national unity as a background condition must precede all the other phases of democratization, but that otherwise its timing is irrelevant. In this context, Thai democratization without national unity which began earlier than Burmese is taking a backward step. For the time being, there would be no solution map to overcome severe political polarization between the right-wing national revolution forces defending official nationalism cum state nationalism and the civil revolution forces trying to go beyond official nationalism towards popular nationalism cum liberal nationalism. In contrast, paradoxically belated Burmese democratization has just taken a big leap in escaping from serious and inconclusive nature of political struggle between the left-wing national revolution forces to defend official nationalism cum state nationalism and civil revolution based on popular nationalism cum liberal nationalism towards a reconciliation phase in order to seek solutions for internal conflicts. The two case studies imply that national unity is not a background condition, but a consequence of the process of political polarization and reconciliation between national revolution forces and civil revolution forces.