• IE interfaces
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-150
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• 1993

Recent industrial efforts are directed toward the development of CIM(Computer integrated Manufacturing) system. It is often the case that the analysis of the system dynamic behaviour is overlooked, even if it is important for both the economic justification and system performance evaluation. The main purpose of this study is to present a n approach of system performance evaluation for PCB(Printed Circuit Board) manufacturing, especially the inner layer manufacturing processes, using simulation. The general overview of the PCB manufacturing environment has first been discussed. Then a computer simulation program which can consider the diverse dynamic environmental changes has been developed. Extensive system analyses have been performed based on the program developed and the three measures proposed. The results obtained in this study provide valuable guidelines for practical concerns and some recommendations for future extensions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.551-555
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• 2006

This research was conducted to estimate the use and preservation values of Jirisan national park, using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation. Jirisan national park was estimated to have the use value of 6,377 won per visitor. In terms of preservation value was estimated 13,030 won per housed per year. The results of this research show that Jirisan national park generated considerable use and preservation values, exceeding far greater than current admission fees. The findings also indicate that the estimated economic value provides enough justification for the national park service to increase admission fees in order to maintain the quality of the natural environment. This result may contribute to guidance on the pricing policy of national park managers and practitioners, although public policy may be made in the political arena.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2002

The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has lots of advantages such as load leveling, quick response emergency power (spinning reserve), frequency and voltage control, improvement of reliability, and deferred generation and transmission construction. However, it is very critical that economic feasibility requires justification from the customer side of meter to promoting the dissemination of BESS in nation widely. In this paper, we proposed the economic assessment model of customer owned BESS which is complemented and improved the existing model. The proposed model is applied to the typical customer types, i.e. light industrial, commercial, and residential, which are taken from the statistical analysis on the load profile survey of Korea Electric Power COmpany (KEPCO). The economic viability performed for each customer load type to justifying their economic feasibility of BESS installation from the economic measures such as payback period, Net Present Worth (NPW), Rate Of Return (ROR). The results show that the BESS has economic benefits to the specific customer type, i.e. residential customer. Therefore, the government and the energy agency should be committing the support program, such as tax incentive, financial support, to disseminate the BESS nation widely. The results of this paper are useful to the customer investment decision-making and the national energy policy & strategy in Korea.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.209-227
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• 2006

This paper analyse current interpretation of the "causal link" that in particular, focuses principally on the so-called "non-attribution" requirement of Article 4.2(b) of the Safeguards Agreement. The safeguard measures are justified as a temporary economic adjustment to harm that is caused by an increase in imports. The problem with this justification is that there are other kinds of economic forces that may injure domestic industries, such as changes in consumer tastes, government spending or a lack thereof, and economic downturns. These problems do not justify government-imposed remedies. When factors therefore other than increased imports are causing injury to the domestic industry at the same time, such injury shall not be attributed to increased imports. The Appellate Body stressed that a contribution of third-party imports to the existence of serious injury must be sufficiently clear as to establish the existence of the causal link required, it found that Article 4.2(b) does not suggest that increased imports be the sole cause of the serious injury, or that other factors causing injury must be excluded from the determination of serious injury. The interest in separation is to ensure that a measure is not applied to remedy harm not caused by imports, but this basic point assumes that the harm is distinguishable in the first place. It also assumes that the safeguard is designed to respond to harm caused by imports. In fact safeguards were never intended to respond to this kind of unfair trade, but rather to provide whatever emergency relief might assist an ailing domestic industry if imports happened to be a part of that injury. The Appellate Body's insistence in breaking cause and effect down to minutia in the non-attribution analysis seems to be so overly intricate that it conflicts with it's broader focus on evaluating factors that effect harm on the industry as a whole.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.354-361
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• 2016

While the amounts of oil spill caused by the VLCC Hebei Spirit indicated 2.5 times more than that of the VLCC Sea Prince, the economic, environmental, and social damages derived from the Hebei Spirit spill were estimated to be about 30 times greater than those from the Sea Prince incident. This study consolidates the appropriate justification for building a multi-purpose large oil spill response vessel to allow swift and efficient handling of catastrophic marine pollution events through an analysis of technical and economic feasibility of such a project. The result of the technical feasibility analysis illustrates that a hopper dredge and oil spill response vessel with a capacity of 4,000 tons should be more appropriate. The result of the economic feasibility analysis indicates that under the most conservative estimates the project appears to be slightly impractical, with a benefit/cost ratio of 0.82, in which self-help efforts, however, can facilitate the project. And medium to optimistic estimates present benefit/cost ratios are estimated to be 2.72 and 5.82 respectively, representing apparent economic feasibility.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.853-858
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• 2001

The PSC bridge being built by ILM may have greater bending moment during its construction rather than after completion. When it occurs, Engineer should suggest to reduce stress-resultants than to make bigger cross-section with considering stability ,economics, and proper span-to-depth ratio. The used method is to install extruded nose at the end of girder. It substitutes the weighted segment for the light. From the reference, the stiffness of extruded nose, is 1/10 of the main girder, and the length is 60 to 70% of the length of the span, with little justification. In this study, the proper length and stiffness of the nose element is determined by the parametric study and idealizing procedure. The results about the extruded nose through the mixing of the parameter of its stiffness and length, the proper length of extruded nose is 80% of the longest span and the proper stiffenss is 13% of the bending stiffness of the superstructure and the proper length of extruded nose is 70% of the longest span and the proper stiffness is 9.5% of the bending stiffness of the superstructure.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.60-70
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• 2011

Vehicle location detection and wireless communication method have be designed along the same lines as GPS, CDMA and WLAN, which is based upon the selecting factors such as state-of-art technology trend, accuracy, stability, and economic feasibility, in order to select the optimum method of information communication networks for integrated "Transportation-Power-Facilities" on the electric bus. In addition, the key features of each alternative for an efficient linkage have been review and the integration methodology for linking among Transportation Charging Center, Transportation(ITS, BIS) Center and smart Grid Center has been drawn up based on a technical level of difficulty of each alternative, political and administrative difficulties, and expense justification.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-223
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• 1984

The feasibility of not employing recombiners rather using the postaccident Purge system alone to control hydrogen concentration in the containment following a LOCA, is analyzed in this paper. For this study, the hydrogen concentration in the containment, hydrogen removal through the purge system, and additional off-site dose due to hydrogen purge were calculated. The economic justification of a hydrogen recombiner system (2 recombiners) was also investigated by using the cost benefit concept. As a result, the purge system is sufficient to maintain the hydrogen concentration at a safe level without hydrogen recombiners, and it meets the dose limit requirements set forth in 10 CFR part 100. A hydrogen recombiner system would be justified based on cost-benefit concept for common use in a site with 4 units or more.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.637-645
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• 2020

A free-market economic system supported by the progress of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has given birth to a sharing economy with a disruptive business model. In many ways, this business model is more effective, efficient, and makes it easy for businesses and consumers. However, because disruptive innovation is not asymmetrical with the conventional business that sustains innovation, several regulatory issues arise because it is fundamentally very different and cannot be regulated by standard law. Disruptive innovation may create chaos if it is regulated by norms that are used to regulate conventional business. This research was conducted with a normative method, which examines various theories, principles, laws and regulations to get justification for how the law should govern. The findings of this study are: competition law must be designed pragmatically so that it can keep pace with changes in business models that are rapidly changing. For this reason, it is necessary to shift regulatory authority from the Government to business people to make self-regulation, as a rule, that was born from the agreement of the business actors themselves. Self-regulation is considered more effective in maintaining fair competition, so that the market will be more dynamic, and consumers will be more prosperous.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2606-2611
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• 2008

The high energy fluid leakage from the high temperature and high differential pressure drop system of NPPs (Nuclear Power Plants) decreases efficiency and consequently leads to considerable economic loss due to less power production. Also, the leakage possibly damages critical parts of components such as valve and trim with the effect of cavitation, flashing, and erosion, etc. and deteriorates its performance. Thus, in this study, we diagnosed the as-is leakage for four (4) main steam drain valves and two (2) steam traps of Yonggwang 1,2 units during normal operation by using multi-measuring technique and observed the occurrence of fine leakage. In the course of measuring fluid leakage, the sign of fine leakage is estimated to be the leakage from orifice. By converting the leakage to energy loss, it is equivalent to the amount of several hundred thousand won per each unit, which supports the basis for the justification of fine leakage.