• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-140
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• 2007

Changes in material use, energy use and emissions profiles of steel industry are the result of complex interrelationships among a multitude of technological and economic drivers. To better understand and guide such changes requires that attention is paid to the time-varying consequences that technology and economic influences have on an industry's choice of inputs and its associated outputs. We briefly review the range of policy issues in our paper and assess the impact that climate-change policies may have on energy use and carbon emissions in Korea steel industry. We then present the models of Korea steel industry's energy and product flow regarding environmental regulations by using system dynamics simulation methodology(SD). Time series data and engineering information are combined to endogenously specify changes in technologies, fuel mix, and production processes within dynamic simulation model. Through a various scenario, ramifications that the convention of climate change would to steel industry is analyzed, and based on the study results, strategies against environment changes is contemplated in various perspectives to contribute to minimize the risks concerning the uncertain future and to be conducive to Korea steel industry's sustainable development.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.1-1
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• 1993

The cosmetic industry is dynamic, ever changing. New product are constantly evolved, old and obsolete products are replaced as the industry adopts to an ever changing market. Cosmetics are products 1the society. They often reflect the changing needs, values, and the lifestyles of the people and serve as an indicator of the political climate and economic state of a nation. Thus, it is likely the recent change in 11head of the U.S. government will strongly impact the cosmetic industry. The United States is the world`s largest market for cosmetics and toiletries, Many U.S. cosmetic and toiletry manufacturers, such as P & G, Colgate, Avon, Revlon and Estee Lauder, market their Products worldwide. Consequently, what happens in the U.S. often, sooner or later, affect markets and industries in other parts of the world. Frequently, changes that occur first in the U.S. with subsequently take place in other nations within a few years. The success and failure of the new economic policies of the Clinton Administration and the expected tightening of government regulations on environmental protection, and consumer protection will undoubtedly affect the industry. Possible changes in foreign policy will not only affect U.S. companies but also cosmetic manufacturers in other nations. This lecture will focus on possible changes in the cosmetic industry in America and how they will impact on Korea and foreign companies doing business in United States. It will also review important changes in federal and state regulations. New marketing trends, new raw materials and successful new products will be discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2002

The breeding data relating to Hariana herd spread over 18 years (1979-96) were analysed to estimate genetic, phenotypic and environmental changes in characters of economic importance which might have taken place during the several years of selective breeding practiced in the herd. The average genetic changes in a given character were estimated by four methods. The phenotypic trends observed for different economic traits were not significant. On changing the method of estimation, magnitude and direction of genetic trends changed. Comparison of estimates of genetic trends by different methods showed that adjustments for biases due to non-random allotment of dams with respect to their age and merit suggested by Powell and Freeman (1974) were useful for increasing the precision of the estimates. Hence, this method was found to be the best method for estimation of genetic trends. The estimate of genetic trends by this method were 4.03${\pm}$6.21 days, 3.24${\pm}$5.33 kg, 0.15${\pm}$0.43 days, 0.09${\pm}$0.59 days, 0.01${\pm}$0.02 kg and 0.01${\pm}$0.01 kg for age at first calving, first lactation milk yield, first lactation length, first calving interval, first lactation milk yield per day lactation length and first lactation milk yield per day of calving interval, respectively.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-49
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• 2008

In this paper, we estimate whether changes in the economic environment a firm operates in affects technical efficiency. Since efficiency gains can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, we estimate for efficiency gains on annual generating plants input demand for expenses and fuel use. We find that generating plants reduced their workers and costs respectively by 6.8% in 1999 and 37.9% in 2001. However, they didn't show any systematic caloric consumption changes facing various economic environmental shocks. These results suggest that restructuring brought efficiency gains by replacing regulated monopoly with a more competitive firms in the context of the Korean electricity market.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.507-521
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• 1994

Bentonite occurs in the Janggi Conglomerate of Tertiary age and consists mainly of montmorillonite with Mg as predominant interlayer cations. The bentonite was reacted with various concentrations of sulfuric acid (0.8~1.5M) for various reaction time (1-10h) at $103^{\circ}C$. Cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, surface area and solid acidity of the original bulk and acid activated bentonites were measured. Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the changes in structure and properties of the acid activated bentonite. The dissolution of octahedral cations occurs not only from the edge of the clay platelets but also throughout the whole clay structure creating vacant octahedral sites. These lattice defects are created by $H^+$ diffused into the smectite layers. The cations leached possibly from the octahedral sheets are adsorbed on the interlayer exchange sites. They are exchanged with hydronium ions again by stronger acid attack. These reactions create wedge-shaped pores resulting in the increase of the surface area and the changes the morphology in the lattice structure.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

Under the premise that the housing market is not fixed, but changes organically according to social and systematic environment, it has important meaning as the object of this study to identify the recent housing market's movement by deducing the changed characteristics of the factors to compose the recent new houses. By using the following methodology, this study analyzed the characteristics and mutual relations of the economical and house-composing factors, categorized the investigation object into sub-markets, and executed comparative analysis. First, based on the leading studies analyzing the factors of house price determination and the assessment indicators of 'Green Building Certification Program', the composing factors are deduced. Second, the factors are categorized as economic, housing complex planning and geographical condition. Third, to identify the influence of housing environmental factors on economic factors, the correlation between the former and the latter, and the difference between economic factors are analyzed. Fourth, by segmenting and categorizing the housing market into time and location subgroups, the chronicle trend and the geographical characteristics are analyzed.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.551-572
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• 2015

Given the presence of global warming, the economic impact of climate changes on output sales has been discussed in the literature, but rarely with empirical evidences. In this present study, a simple log-model was employed to identify the economic impacts of weather changes in manufacturing and service sectors in Korea. For this empirical exercise, weather variables including the CDD (cooling degree days) and HDD (heating degree days) were computed using the Korea's meteorological records covering the period 1970-2012. According to estimation results, 26.7% (144 over 539) and 27.9% (64 over 229) of the manufacturing and service sectors, respectively, are found to be weather-sensitive.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.434-435
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• 2007

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• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-241
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• 2013

The notion of green growth emerged in 2009. Since then, policy makers and practitioners have largely adopted the term. Although rather intermittently, there have been academic observations on green growth, with the term often being cited as a paradigm and a policy guide for generating new sources of growth. The most important reasons for the surge in green growth today as a new trend and an international agenda item are the rather unsatisfactory results and pitfalls of sustainable development, which has failed at promoting a tangible international environmental principle or a concrete policy framework. Green growth has been proposed as an alternative simultaneously to foster the dynamics of global environmental governance and to reinvigorate the world economy. This study examines to what extent green growth plays a complementary role in existing global environmental governance. Available evidence provides reasonable grounds for arguing that a positive outcome may well be expected from the evolution of green growth architecture and followed by practical policies. It became a global agenda out of a few influential national governments' control. However, decision makers in the leading countries, both developed and developing must be willing to continue implementing what has been discussed and agreed thus far, beyond changes in political leadership and administrations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.400-404
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• 2006

The environmental problem come because the demage cost of environmental pollution is not properly reflected in market price. The government regulations for market is justified to solve the problem. The policy needs a close analysis of environmental, economical effect for the point of time, methods, rational decision making of the government regulations. Especially, we need to assume and analyze about social expenses by environmental pollution and policy execution. The cost-benefit analysis about environmental pollution is used to support decision making. The value of benefit about damage by environmental pollution or about improvement changes a monetary unit through the cost-benefit analysis. The working like this is said environmental material valuation or measuring valuation. This work is studied about looking for proper analysis model to apply our environmental materials.