• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare the toxicity of nano and micrometer particles with Cu and Zn on soil microbial community and metal uptake of buck wheat. In microcosm system, soil was incubated for 14 days after soil aliquots were artificially contaminated with 1,000 mg/kg Cu, Zn nano and micro particles, respectively. After then, buck wheat was planted in incubating soils and non incubating soils. After 14 days, we compared bioaccumulation of metal, and microbial carbon substrate utilization patterns between incubating soils and non-incubating soils. The enrichment factor (EF) values of incubating samples were greater than non-incubating soils. Dehydrogenase activity had been inhibited by Cu and Zn nanoparticles in non-incubating soil, as well as it had been inhibited by Zn micro particles in incubating soils. Results of biolog test, it was not significant different between nano particles and micro particles. It cannot be generalized that nanoparticles of metal are always more toxic to soil microbial activity and diversity than micrometer-sized particles and the toxicity needs to be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

• 식물병연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2016

뿌리혹선충에 의한 병 발생은 작물수확량의 감소를 초래하여 중요한 문제로 인식되고 있다. 화학농약의 사용은 선충방제를 위해 효과적인 방법 중의 하나로 고려되지만 환경 오염이나 인축에 대한 독성과 같은 문제를 야기하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 살선충제 개발에 사용될 수 있는 미생물을 선발하고자, 토양으로부터 분리한 670여 개의 방선균을 대상으로 뿌리혹선충에 대한 살선충 활성을 조사하였다. 이들 중 가장 우수한 살선충 활성을 나타내는 KRA15-528 균주를 선발하였으며, 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열에 기초하여 S. flavogriseus로 동정하였다. S. flavogriseus KRA15-28 균주 배양여액을 최종농도 10%가 되도록 J2 단계의 유충과 선충알에 각각 처리 시, 48시간 후 71%의 선충 치사율과 9일째에 54%의 선충 알 부화 억제율을 확인하였다. 배양여액을 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올을 이용하여 용매 분획하여 에틸 아세테이트와 부탄올, 물 추출물에 대한 살선충 활성을 조사한 결과, 에틸 아세테이트 추출물로부터만 높은 살선충 활성을 확인하였다. 1,000, 500, $250{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 각각 91%, 53%, 30%의 치사율을 나타내었다. 이외에도, 오이에 대한 뿌리 혹 선충병 방제활성을 조사한 결과, 배양여액 처리구에서 눈에 띄게 뿌리혹형성이 억제되는 현상을 관찰하였다. 따라서, S. flavogriseus KRA15-528은 뿌리혹선충병을 방제에 사용할 수 있는 미생물제제로서의 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.272-280
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• 2018

기존의 독성평가는 생물의 생존가능성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 이상행동반응에 대한 평가를 거의 하지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 행동학적 이해를 바탕으로 양서류 유생들의 생존가능성과 직결되는 포식자회피반응 행동을 이용하여 fullerene nanowhisker(FNW)와 nanowhisker-silver nanoparticle composites(FNW-Ag복합체)의 독성을 평가해 보았다. 우리는 나노물질에 노출되지 않는 그룹과 5가지 농도에 따른 나노물질에 노출되는 그룹(FNW $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $500{\mu}g/ml$과 FNW-Ag복합체 $10{\mu}g/ml$, $50{\mu}g/ml$)으로 나누어 실험하였다. 그 결과, FNW-Ag복합체 $50{\mu}g/ml$농도에 노출된 유생들을 제외하고는 평소 활동량에는 차이가 없었지만, FNW $10{\mu}g/ml$농도에 노출된 유생들을 제외하고는 모두 포식자인식 반응에 따른 활동변화에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 나노물질노출 유무는 평소 움직임에는 영향을 주지 않지만, 행동학적 이해를 바탕으로 한 분석결과 포식자회피반응에 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 생물을 대상으로 하는 독성평가연구에 행동학적 분석이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.731-738
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• 2017

A novel approach to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract of Canna edulis Ker-Gawl. (CELE) under ambient conditions is reported here. The as-prepared AgNPs were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission emission microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray spectroscopy, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering. The AgNPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, including bacteria and various fungi. The biocompatibility of the AgNPs was analyzed in the L929 cell line using NRU and MTT assays. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining was used to determine whether the AgNPs had necrotic or apoptotic effects on L929 cells. The concentration of AgNPs required for 50% inhibition of growth of mammalian cells is far more than that required for inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, CELE is a candidate for the eco-friendly, clean, cost-effective, and nontoxic synthesis of AgNPs.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2010

Formic acid is a representative carboxylic acid that inhibits bacterial cell growth, and thus it is generally considered to constitute an obstacle to the reuse of renewable biomass. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to elucidate changes in protein levels in response to formic acid. Fifty-seven differentially expressed proteins in response to formic acid toxicity in S. cerevisiae were identified by 1D-PAGE and nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) analyses. Among the 28 proteins increased in expression, four were involved in the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway and one in the oxidative stress-induced pathway. A dramatic increase was observed in the number of ion transporters related to maintenance of acid-base balance. Regarding the 29 proteins decreased in expression, they were found to participate in transcription during cell division. Heat shock protein 70, glutathione reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. Taken together, the inhibitory action of formic acid on S. cerevisiae cells might disrupt the acidbase balance across the cell membrane and generate oxidative stress, leading to repressed cell division and death. S. cerevisiae also induced expression of ion transporters, which may be required to maintain the acid-base balance when yeast cells are exposed to high concentrations of formic acid in growth medium.

• 청정기술
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.388-392
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 통기성 필름의 제조 공정에 대한 환경영향 특성을 분석하기 위해 전과정평가를 수행하였다. 특성화와 정규화 결과, 영향범주 별 환경영향은 지구온난화가 약 97%. 인간독성 2%의 기여도를 나타났다. 주요 기여도는 투입물인 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(HDPE)과 폴리프로필렌(PP) 그리고 에너지인 전력으로 나타났다. 세부 공정에서는 혼합단계(Mixing)가 57%, 부착단계(Lamination) 29% 압출단계(Extruder) 10% 순으로 높은 환경영향 기여도를 보였다. 환경 영향을 개선하기 위해서는 전력 사용량을 감소시키거나 원재료인 HDPE나 PP를 제외한 수율 향상을 고려한 새로운 공정 시스템 설계가 필요하다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.406-408
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• 2017

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) 저독성 단일 추진제 기반의 1N 급 추력기 및 시험장치 개발을 수행하였다. ADN은 기존에 인공위성용 추력기에 사용되고 있는 하이드라진 대비 취급이 용이하고 밀도, 비추력과 같은 물리적 특성이 우수한 물질이다. 이러한 특성으로 인해 ADN은 친환경 추진제로 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ADN 단일 추진제의 성능시험을 위한 1 N급 추력기 및 측정설비를 설계하였다. 설계 및 실험을 위한 추진제의 조성은 Methanol:$H_2O$:ADN 각각을 11.2:25.4:63.4로 설정하여 진행하였다.

• 세라미스트
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2019

Thermoelectric energy conversion has attracted much attention because it can convert heat into electric power directly through solid state device and vice versa. Current research is aimed at increasing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT ) by improving the power factor and reducing the thermal conductivity. Although there have been significant progresses in increasing ZT of material systems composed of Bi, Te, Ge, Pb, and etc. over the last few decades, their relatively high cost, toxicity, and the scarcity have hindered further development of thermoelectrics to expand practical applications. In this paper, we review the current status of research in the fields of nanostructured thermoelectric materials with eco-friendly and low cost elements, such as skutterudites and oxides, for mid-high temperature applications, highlighting the strategies to improve thermoelectric performance.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2021

The flame-retardant (FR) treatments of wool fibers using Hexafluorozirconate/titanate salts and tetrabromophthalic anhydride can cause skin irritation and gas toxicity due to Zr and Br compounds respectively. A water-soluble polyfunctional cyclophosphazene derivative, synthesized through substitution reaction of Hexachloro cyclophosphazene and N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl] metacrylamide, was applied as a durable flame-retardant for wool fabrics. Also, a crosslinked structure was introduced to improve washing durability of the FR-wool, up to 10 laundering cycles, using Acrylamide(AAm) and Triacryloylhexahydrotriazine (TAHT) as a comonomer and a crosslinker respectively. The mole ratios of the TAHT and AAm concentrations compared to the Dichloro tetrakis{N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamido} cyclcophosphazene (DCTDCP) were optimized to 1.33 and 7.5 respectively. In addition, the pyrolysis and combustion properties of the FR wool were assessed using LOI, TGA and microcalorimetry suggesting a solid-phase FR mechanism.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2009

B. thuringiensis strain LY-99 belonging to subsp. alesti (H3a3c), was isolated from Chinese tobacco warehouse and showed significantly high toxicity to Plutella xylostella. For the identification of the cry1-type genes from B. thuringiensis LY-99, an extended multiplex PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) method was established by using two pairs of universal primers based on the conserved regions of the cry1-type genes to amplify around 2.4 kb cry1-type gene fragments. Then the DNA fragment was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and digested with EcoRI and EcoRV enzymes. Through this method, a known cry1-type gene was successfully identified from the reference strain, B. thuringiensis subsp. alesti. In addition, the RFLP patterns revealed that B. thuringiensis LY-99 included a novel cry1A-type gene in addition to cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Be and cry1Ea genes. The novel cry1A-type gene was designated cry1Ah2 (Genbank accession No DQ269474). An inverse PCR method was used to amplify the flank regions of cry1Ah2 gene. Finally, 3143 bp HindIII fragment from B. thuringiensis LY-99 plasmid DNA including 5' region and partial ORF was amplified, and sequence analysis revealed that cry1Ah2 gene from LY-99 showed 89.31% of maximum sequence similarity with cry1Ac1 crystal protein gene. In addition, the deduced amino acid sequence of Cry1Ah2 protein shared 87.80% of maximum identity with that of Cry1Ac2. This protein therefore belongs to a new class of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins.