• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2003

This research aims at investigation of accuracy potential of RTK(Real-Time Kinematic) GPS in combination with Echo Sounder(E/S) for the coastal mapping. Apart from this purpose, the accuracy of ambiguity resolution with the OTF(On The Fly) method was tested with respect to the initialization time. The result shows that the accuracy is better than 1cm with 5-minute initialization in the distance of 10km baseline. The seaside topography was measured by the RTK GPS only, on the other hand the seafloor topography was surveyed in combination of RTK GPS and E/S. Comparing to the volume of seaside measured by RTK GPS and digital topographical map, the difference of only $2\%$ was achieved. This indicates that the coastal mapping. As a result, it has been revealed that every possible noise in surveying could be corrected and the accuracy could be improved. The accuracy of GPS data acquired in real time was as good as that acquired by post processing. It is expected that it will be useful for the analysis of coastal geographic characteristics because DTM(Digital Terrain Model) can be also constructed for the harbor reclamation, the dredging, and the variation of soil movement in a river.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2017

Acoustic tiles are typically installed on the surface of pressure vessels in submarines to minimize echoes based on the ship's own noise and active sonar. In this study, we studied low frequency active echo reduction techniques to reduce underwater target echo signals. Active control algorithms using tile type projectors and FxLMS logic have been developed and the projectors have been installed in the assumed hull structure. The effectiveness of projectors and control algorithms has been evaluated in time and frequency domain analysis through experiments in the tank.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1983

When detecting underwater targets using echo sounder, the echo signals varies with the angular displacement of the transducer due to ship's motion. Then, the effect of the angular which effects the capability of the echo sounder must be investigated in relation to the detection of fish concentration, particularly, the abundance estimation of fish. In this pater, as the basic research to investigate the effect of the ship's motion when estimating the fish stocks by acoustic methods, the authors was theoritically considered the variations in the values of the two way directivity function of transducer in the direction of the targets which caused by the angular motion of transducer. Here, the effects of the movement of target and ship's running are neglected. At the same time, the data was applied to estimate the angular shift of the detectable area of echo sounder due to transducer displacement. From the results analyzed, we found that the angular shift of the detectable area due to ship's motion increases both as the roll angle increases and as the beamwidth becomes narrower, varies with the depth.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2004

The detection of lymph node metastasis is an important step in tumor staging and is significant for therapy planning. It has been challenged to yield an appropriate image with diagnostic methods such as Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Computed Tomography (CT). Though CT has been used widely and accessed easily to show internal organs, it can hardly provide difference between lymph node and adjacent vessel or fat tissue. It has been well established that MR can reveal the subtle discrepancy within soft tissue. This study investigated the suitability of MR lymph node imaging without contrast enhancement by comparison of T1-weighted image (T1WI) and T2- weighted image (T2WI) in ten normal rabbits. According to the pulse sequence optimized from preliminary study, T1-weighted spin-echo (repetition time/echo time=400/12 ms) and T-2 weighted fast spin-echo (repetition time/echo time=3500/84 ms) images covering the hind limbs and pelvic region were acquired at 1.5 T. Two radiologists scrupulously evaluated the MR images in consensus. And signal intensity of lymph nodes was compared with that of adjacent fat. Statistical analysis showed that T1-weighted coronal image visualized the lymph nodes (iliac, superficial inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes) quickly and consistently rather than T2-weighted one. Conclusively, T1WI for evaluation of lymph nodes is moderately better than T2WI and appears to have potential for quick and sufficient mapping of the lymph nodes. In addition, this normal MR image of lymph nodes could be applied to further study for the evaluation of lymphatic system in abscess and tumor bearing animal model.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2221-2227
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• 2017

Echovirus serotype 30 (ECHO30) has been responsible for several recent worldwide outbreaks of viral meningitis. In Zhejiang Province, China, ECHO30 has been one of the main causes of viral meningitis for years. This study, using phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene, was performed to investigate the general molecular epidemiology and genetic patterns of ECHO30 circulating in Zhejiang Province between the years 2002 and 2015. The nucleotide sequences of ECHO30 VP1 showed that they were 64.8% identical with the prototype strain, Bastianni, while the amino acids were 84.9% identical. Phylogenetic analyses showed that ECHO30 in the Zhejiang area has diverged into two genotypes. Genotype I consists of strains isolated since 2002, whereas genotype II includes strains that were mainly isolated during the 2002 to 2004 outbreak. ECHO30 has been endemically circulating in both humans and the environment for a long period of time. Additionally, we evaluated the significance of recombination presented during the years 2005 to 2007 to demonstrate that recombination plays an important role in the prevalence of ECHO30 in the Zhejiang area.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2022

Protective coatings are most widely used anticorrosive structures for steel structures. The corrosion under the coating damages the host material, but this damage is completely hidden. Therefore, a field-applicable under-coating-corrosion visualization method has been desired for a long time. Laser ultrasonic technology has been studied in various fields as an in situ nondestructive inspection method. In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out between a guided-wave ultrasonic propagation imager (UPI) and pulse-echo UPI, which have the potential to be used in the field of under-coating-corrosion management. Both guided-wave UPI and pulse-echo UPI were able to successfully visualize the corrosion. Regarding the field application, the guided-wave UPI performing Q-switch laser scanning and piezoelectric sensing by magnetic attachment exhibited advantages owing to the larger distance and incident angle in the laser measurement than those of the pulse-echo UPI. Regarding the corrosion visualization methods, the combination of adjacent wave subtraction and variable time window amplitude mapping (VTWAM) provided acceptable results for the guided-wave UPI, while VTWAM was sufficient for the pule-echo UPI. In addition, the capability of multiple sensing in a single channel of the guided-wave UPI could improve the field applicability as well as the relatively smaller size of the system. Thus, we propose a guided-wave UPI as a tool for under-coating-corrosion management.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2003

This study proposes the neural network simulator for the integrity evaluation of weld zone in railway rails. For these purposes, the ultrasonic signals for defects(crack) of weld zone in frames are acquired in the type of time series data and echo strength. The detection of the natural defects in railway truck is performed using the characteristics of echodynamic pattern in ultrasonic signal. And then their applications evaluated feature extraction based on the time-frequency-attractor domain(peak to peak, rise time, rise slope, fall time, fall slope, pulse duration, power spectrum, and bandwidth) and attractor characteristics (fractal dimension and attractor quadrant) etc. The constructed neural network simulator agrees fairly well with the measured results of test block(defect location, beam propagation distance, echo strength, etc). The Proposed neural network simulator in this study can be used for the integrity evaluation of weld zone in railway rails.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.293-298
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• 2013

본 연구는 수중 거리 측정을 위한 초음파 센서를 개발한다. 초음파 트랜스듀서는 음파를 발신하고 발신된 음파가 물체에 부딪혀 되돌아오는 반사파를 수신한다. 초음파 드라이버는 반사된 물체까지 거리 측정을 위해 음파의 비행시간을 검출해 음속을 곱한다. 본 연구에서는 비행시간을 검출하기 위해 임계값과 상호 상관 기법을 적용하고 그 결과를 보인다. 반사파가 노이즈에 감염되어 신호의 형태가 왜곡될 때 상호상관 기법은 기준 신호와 수신 신호의 유사성을 이용하여 비행시간을 검출한다. 기준 신호를 수중 환경에 따라 다르게 적용해 반사파와 유사성을 높여 센서의 성능을 향상시킨다. 논문에서는 초음파 센서 드라이버를 설명하고 실험환경에 따른 센서의 성능을 분석한다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2000

초음파 에코파형의 시간-주파수해석법으로 Wigner 분포와 웨이브렛 변환 등과 같은 새로운 신호처리 기법이 비파괴평가 분야에 널리 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 웨이브렛 변환(wavelet transform)에 의한 음속과 감쇠계수의 주파수의존성과 초음파 결함신호의 잡음제거의 유용성 유무를 실험적으로 검증하였다. Gabor 함수를 웨이브렛의 기본함수로 사용하였다. 초음파의 에코파형에 포함된 각 주파수성분의 속도와 감쇠계수의 주파수의존성을 추정할 수 있었으며, 초음파탐상에서 결함의 검출능 향상과 결함크기 산정의 정량화에 접근하기 위해 웨이브렛 변환에 의한 S/N비 신호처리 시뮬레이션 결과를 오스테나이트강 스테인레스 용접부에 가공한 EDM 노치의 초음파 결함신호에 적용한 결과 임상에코를 저감하고 S/N비를 개선하는 것이 가능하였다.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.338-342
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• 2015

시계열 데이터를 다룰 수 있는 기계학습모델인 회귀 신경망은 되먹임 연결을 허용하기 때문에 앞먹임 신경망에 비해 훨씬 다양한 구조를 가질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 은닉 뉴런 간의 네트워크 구조에 초점을 맞추어 그것이 회귀 신경망의 정보처리 능력에 미치는 영향을 탐구하고자 한다. 이를 위해 회귀신경망 모델 중 하나인 Echo State Network을 기준으로 하여, 여러 가지 잘 알려진 네트워크 모델에 따라 은닉 뉴런 간 연결을 구성하고 각각의 경우에 시계열 학습 능력과 동역학을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 은닉 뉴런의 네트워크 구조에 따라 모델의 성능이 큰 폭으로 변하는 것이 관찰되었으며, 그러한 현상은 신경망 동역학이 가지는 임계도(criticality)의 변화와 잘 일치했다. 본 연구의 결과는 기존 회귀 신경망 연구에서 주된 관심사였던 신경망 연결 가중치뿐만 아니라 신경망의 연결 구조가 모델의 성능에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 사실을 보여주며, 성능 향상을 위한 중요한 단서가 될 수 있다.