• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.395-406
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• 2011

본 연구는 대학생들의 비만과 건강실천행위 및 구강건강행위와의 관련성을 규명하고 비만에 미치는 영향력을 파악해 전국대학건강조사 및 대학생 건강증진 서비스 개발구축에 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2009년 12월 1일부터 31일 동안 서울 및 경기도에 소재하는 대학에 재학 중인 177명의 자료를 조사하였고, 조사결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 조사대상자 전체의 비만 유병률은 27.7%이었고, 일반적 특성에 따른 비만의 차이는 여학생에 비해 남학생이, 24세 미만군에 비해 24세 이상군의 비만율이 높게 나타났다. 2. 건강실천행위 및 구강건강행위에 따른 비만의 차이는 식사 시 짠맛을 선호하는 경우와 하루 평균 수면시간이 7시간 미만인 경우, 주관적 건강상태가 나쁘다고 인지하는 경우 그리고 최근 1년간 치과 방문을 했던 경우에 비해 치과방문을 하지 않는 경우가 비만율이 높았다. 3. 성별과 연령의 영향력을 통제하였을 때 대학생들의 비만에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 짜게 먹는 경우, 하루 평균 수면시간이 7시간 미만인 경우 그리고 최근 1년간 치과방문이 없는 경우이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 대학생들의 비만은 식사 시 선호맛, 하루 평균수면시간 및 치과방문에 유의한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 대학생 눈높이에 맞추는 정규적인 보건교육실시 뿐만 아니라 비만을 예방하고 관리시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하는 경우에 식생활 습관과 정신건강 및 구강건강습관을 향상시킬 수 있는 적절한 프로그램을 함께 운영하면 그 효과를 상승시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.476-486
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the dietary behaviors, perceived stress, and health-related factors along with their correlations in University students. The number of subjects was 150(64 males and 86 females), and the results of the study were as follows: Stress was felt by over 80% of the male and female students. The male students were more stressed than the females for economic value, gender difference, professor and drinking-related stress factors, and there was a significant difference between the genders. The female students had more clinical symptoms from stress than the male students in terms of dizziness, indigestion and constipation(p<0.01, p<0.001). The amount of food intake under stress was significantly different by gender. The female students preferred sweet tasting items, whereas the male students preferred hot tasting item when under stress. Also the intake of candy and chocolate when under stress in the male and female students was $2.00{\pm}0.74$ and $2.41{\pm}0.75$, respectively. The female students consumed candy and chocolate more than the male(p<0.01). Furthermore, 62.5% of the male students and 30.2% of the female students exercised to get rid of stress: the use of ball games as exercise in male and female students was $1.59{\pm}0.83$, $1.01{\pm}0.11$, respectively. Many students drank alcohol and smoked while under stress. In particular, the male students smoked more than normal as compared to the females, and there was a significant gender difference(p<0.001). The clinical symptoms positively correlated with the life stress level were degree of nervousness, sweaty, achy neck and shoulders, sore back, dizziness, eye fatigue, headache and indigestion. The amount of food intake under stress was positively correlated to the clinical symptom of headache. These results indicate the effects of life stress on dietary behaviors, food choice, and health status. Stress not only changed dietary behaviors, but was also related to health status. Therefore, education with regard to nutrition is necessary if college students are to practice food eating habits to correctly manage life stresses.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.781-793
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional education status and the recognition of the importance of elementary school dietitians (N＝183) in the Gyeongnam area. The results are summarized as follows. All subjects took part in nutritional education program, but the educational methods were passive, as in the case of “home correspondence”(80.8%) and “bulletin board poster”(16.4%), and the education frequency was very low as in “one time/month”(90.2%). The subjects thought “as an independent subject”(41.5%) and “as a related subjects”(35.1%) were suitable teaching venues for the nutritional education. They were very low in individual counseling (4.5%) for school children because of “lack of opportunity”(42.2%) and “heavy work load”(24.1%). However, most of the subjects wished that nutritional counseling could offered in the future (95.5%). The parents＇ experience of nutritional education was also low (34.3%). Information sources for nutritional education were mainly the “internet”(53.1%) and “re-educational materials” (25.0%). The available instructional materials included “printed materials”(96.7%), “exhibition bulletin materials” (70.3%) and “electronic materials”(46.4%). The preferred education materials were “exhibitionㆍbulletin materials”(32.2%), “printed materials”(29.2%), and “electronic materials”(27.7%). However, materials they wished to purchase were “electronic materials”(54.5%) and “cubic materials”(26.0%). These results show a difference between the preferred materials and the possessed materials. Most school dietitians (98.4%) recognized the necessity of nutritional education with respect to “good table manners”(42.0%), “correction of food prejudices”(30.3%), and “proper nutrition for growth”(21.0%) Although they had a great interest in nutritional education, they had difficulty in cutting their teaming into practice because of “heavy work load”(30.9%), “lack of a systematic curriculum”(25.2%), and “lack of a educational opportunity”(22.8%). Ninety five percent of subjects wished to have nutrition education taught as an independent subject. They pointed out “kindergarten”(60.0%) and “lower grades in elementary school”(33.9%) as the optimal starting times for nutritional education and “school dietitians”(91.3%) as suitable teachers for these programs. The required topics chosen by the subjects for nutritional education for children were “proper eating habits”(54.2%) and “nutritional problem”(31.5%). The dietitians thought “food prejudices”(44.7%), “rat too much processed and instant foods”(36.5%), and “obesity”(11.8%) were the most common nutritional problems among elementary school children. These results suggest the necessity of solving the nutritional problems in children by developing a nutritional education program. Along with this program, if dietitian assisted programs for parents were developed, the effects of nutritional education could definitely be increased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.622-630
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to establish an association between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), dietary carbohydrates and diabetes with the context of the current population dietary practice in Korea. The subjects of 3,389 adults (male 1,430, female 1,959) were divided into normal (serum fasting glucose < 100 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (100 ${\leq}$ serum fasting glucose < 126 mg/dL), diabetes (serum fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL) by serum fasting glucose. Anthropometric and hematologic factors, and nutrient intakes, dietary glycemic index (DGI), dietary glycemic load (DGL) were assessed. Multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for relationship of DGI, DGL, carbohydrates intakes, and diabetes. DGI and DGL were not significantly correlated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. However, the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes showed a tendency to increase as increase of DGI after multivariate adjustment (age, education, income, region area, diabetes family history, smoking, drinking, exercise, energy intake) in male. The risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes showed a tendency to increase in the DGI 71.1-74.8 after multivariate adjustment in female. DGL was inversely related to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in male. In female, however, DGL was positively related to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. In particular, the risk of diabetes increased positively in level of DGL 260.5, and remained after multivariate adjustment (Q5 vs Q1：2.38, 0.87-6.48). When percent energy intakes from carbohydrates were more than 70%, the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes increased in both male and female. In particular, when percent energy intakes from carbohydrates were more than 69.9%, the risk of diabetes increased positively in male (Q4 vs Q1：2.34, 1.16-4.17). In conclusion, above 70% energy intakes from carbohydrates appeared to be a risk factor of diabetes. It seemed that the meal with high GI and GL value must be avoided it. And also, the macronutrients of the meal must be properly balanced. In particular, it may be said that it is a preventive way for treatment of the diabetes to avoid eating carbohydrates of much quantity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet plays an important role in growth and development of children. However, dietary intakes of children living in either rural or urban areas can be influenced by household income. This cross-sectional study examined energy, nutrient and food group intakes of 749 urban children (1-10 years old) by household income status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children's dietary intakes were obtained using food recall and record for two days. Diet adequacy was assessed based on recommended intakes of energy and nutrients and food group servings. RESULTS: For toddlers, all nutrients except dietary fiber (5.5 g) exceeded recommended intakes. Among older children (preschoolers and school children), calcium (548 mg, 435 mg) and dietary fiber (7.4 g, 9.4 g) did not meet recommendations while percentage of energy from total fat and saturated fats exceeded 30% and 10%, respectively. The mean sodium intakes of preschoolers (1,684 mg) and school children (2,000 mg) were relatively high. Toddlers in all income groups had similar energy and nutrient intakes and percentages meeting the recommended intakes. However, low income older children had lowest intakes of energy (P < 0.05) and most nutrients (P < 0.05) and highest proportions that did not meet recommended energy and nutrient intakes. For all food groups, except milk and dairy products, all age groups had mean intakes below the recommended servings. Compared to middle and high income groups, low income preschoolers had the lowest mean intake of fruits (0.07 serving), meat/poultry (0.78 serving) and milk/dairy products (1.14 serving) while low income toddlers and school children had the least mean intake of fruits (0.09 serving) and milk/dairy products (0.54 serving), respectively. CONCLUSION: Low socioeconomic status, as indicated by low household income, could limit access to adequate diets, particularly for older children. Parents and caregivers may need dietary guidance to ensure adequate quantity and quality of home food supply and foster healthy eating habits in children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2016

Objectives: To investigate the effect of a worksite-based dietary intervention program for the management of metabolic syndrome (MS) among male employees. Methods: A dietary intervention program combining individual and environmental approach was implemented targeting white-collar employees at a worksite located in Seoul for 10 weeks. Out of 104 employees having agreed to participate in the program, those having three or more out of five components of MS and having two components, including a waist circumference component were classified into "the high risk group" (n=41) and received group nutrition education and individual nutrition counseling three times each. The rest of the study subjects were considered as "the low risk group" (n=63). The food environment at the worksite, where both the high and low risk groups were exposed, was changed to promote healthy eating. Physical data including MS components were collected and a questionnaire on dietary behaviors was administered before and after the intervention. The data from the high risk group (n=17) and the low risk group (n=20), excluding the subjects ineligible for or failed to complete the study (n=67), were analyzed. The difference before and after intervention was tested for significance by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, and HbA1c and the healthy dietary practice score improved significantly after intervention in the high risk group. The median number of MS components decreased significantly from 3.0 to 1.0 in the high risk group. In the low risk group, only HbA1c significantly decreased. Conclusions: The 10-week worksite-based dietary intervention program combining individual and environmental approach was found to be effective for managing MS of male employees.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 of age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors, regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense of health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion of knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.441-456
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• 1995

This study was done to determine direct and in-direct nursing time in nursing units in hospital to ap-plied computer system and expect that those results contribute to measure efficiency of nursing practice and planning of nursing manpower. The design for study was a descriptive study. The study results are as follows. 1. Patients admitted to the Internal Medicine and General Surgery units were grouped into four. Group Ⅰ, 32.9% of the total patients, consisted patients whose condition was considered minor Group Ⅱ, 26.1%, was of those whose condition was considered moderate, Group Ⅲ, 41. 8%, moderate severe and Group Ⅳ, 29.2% the most severe. 2. Nursing intervention times by care type were as follows four minutes spent for suction eight minutes, for simple position change, ten minutes, for sheet change, seven minutes for a hot or cool compress, six minutes for dressing change, four minutes for Ⅰ.M. injection, six minutes for patient health education and five minutes for body temperature check. 3. Direct care time by patient group revealed the following : Group Ⅰ rquired 191.4 minutes, Group Ⅱ required 331.1 minutes, Group Ⅲ rquired 499.4 minutes, and Group Ⅳ rquired 1328.0 minutes. 4. The ratio of time for adequate nursing care and direct care time in the Internal Medicine and Goneral Surgery units was 67.4%-83.4% and 94.7%-99.3% in the Intensie Care Unit. 5. Average daily direct care time per patient was 5.5 hours in the Internal Medicine unit and 11.5 hours in the Intensive Care Unit. 6. Time spent in indirect care was 48.3 minutes for computer recording,34.8 minutes for giving and receiving patient information for shift duty, 28.0 minutes for eating and resting time, 26.6 minutes for transfering and identifying patients, 25.6 minutes for identifying Doctor's order, 23.9 minutes for recording vital signs. 7. Time spent in indirect care was 282.2 minutes by head nurses (charge nurses), 258.7 minutes by nurses and 261.6 minutes by nurse aids. 8. The average nurse's workload was 9.3 hours and daily indirect nursing time required 46.3%-50. 5% of above mentioned workload time. .9. The average daily indirect care time per patient was expected to be 57.7 minutes in the Internal Medicine unit and 3.3 hours in the Intensive Care Unit.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.509-521
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• 2019

본 연구는 인지행동치료(Cognitve Behavioral Therapy: CBT)분야 학술지에서 나타난 키워드의 출현패턴을 조사하여 국내 CBT 연구의 지식구조를 규명하는 데에 목적이 있다. 국내·외에서 수행된 CBT 연구를 비교하고자 '인지행동치료'에서 출판된 논문 234편(2008-2019)과 'Cognitive Therapy and Research'에서 출판된 논문 2,316편(1977-2019)이 수집되었다. 자료는 NetMiner 4.3 프로그램으로 분석되었으며 동시출현단어 분석은 코사인 유사도 행렬을 산출하고, 네트워크를 시각화하는 절차로 수행되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 국내 CBT연구자들의 주요 관심사가 식별되었고, 국내 CBT 지식구조는 9개의 연구영역으로 범주화되었다: '척도 타당화', '완벽주의와 속박감', '조현병 환자의 인지, 정서, 관계적 특성', '경계선 성격장애와 우울/양극성 장애 환자의 인지적 특성과 치료', '적응과 심리적 건강', '사회불안장애 환자의 인지적 특성과 치료', '우울의 원인과 공존이환', '수용전념치료', '폭식 장애 환자의 이해와 치료'. 본 연구는 지난 11년 동안 국내 CBT 분야에서 축적된 지식을 점검하였다는 데에 의의가 있으며 국내 CBT 연구의 향후 발전과제로 임상적 실천 표준을 제고하기 위한 연구가 필요하다고 제안한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.506-515
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• 2016

본 연구는 노인들의 우울수준 및 그와 관련된 요인을 파악하고자 도시지역 노인 386명을 대상으로 2015년 7월부터 8월까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 무기명식 면접조사용 설문지를 사용하여 면접조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 조사 대상자의 우울수준 평균 점수는 연령이 높을수록, 학력이 낮을수록, 혼자 사는 군에서, 월수입이 낮을수록, 생활비를 정부로부터 보조 받는다는 군에서, 만성질환이 있다는 군에서, 주관적 건강상태가 좋지 않다는 군에서, 운동을 규칙적으로 하지 않는다는 군에서, 주관적 수면의 질이 좋지 않다는 군에서, 외출 빈도가 낮을수록, 식사를 규칙적으로 하지 않는다는 군에서, ADL, IADL의 도움이 필요하다는 군에서, 자아존중감 및 사회적 지지도가 낮은 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 조사 대상 노인들의 우울수준(CES-D)은 ADL 및 IADL과 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 자아존중감 및 사회적 지지와는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 우울수준을 종속변수로 한 다중회귀분석 결과, 우울수준에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 학력, 월수입, 주관적 건강상태, ADL, 자아존중감 및 사회적 지지 순이었으며 변인들에 의한 설명력은 54.1%이었다. 따라서 이 같은 요인들을 고려한 노인들의 우울수준을 낮추기 위한 프로그램의 개발과 활용방안이 모색되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.