• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of obesity of 212 women (age 45-60 years) in Seoul and the Kyunggi area through analysis of BMI and the dietary life factors related to obesity using a survey on dietary habits, dietary assessment, and nutrient intake. The height of the underweight group was taller than normal. The height of the obese group was equal to that of the normal group, but the weight was 8.5 kg greater than the normal group. Women in the underweight group consumed meals irregularly, and only 33.4% ate breakfast. Additionally, the rate of overeating was low in the underweight group, and milk, dairy products (yogurt, etc.), fruit, and fruit juice were consumed more than once a day. It was found that 62.1% of the women in the obese group never ate out, and the rate of eating one serving of fruit, drinking one cup of fruit juice, and eating various kinds of foods was high. The average point of women's dietary life was $21.9{\pm}2.9$, and 12.7% of all women responded that their dietary life was good. However, in the obese group, only 6.9% of the women reported that their dietary life was good. Evaluation of snacking habits revealed that the underweight group consumed a high level of carbonated drinks and ice cream, whereas for in the obese group, 24.1% of the women consumed milk and its products and 5.6% regularly consumed fast and fried foods. Evaluation of nutrient intake revealed that the consumption of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_6$, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E was high in all of the groups, but the intake of folic acid in the underweight group was lower than the required level. Overall, 24.1% of the women in the obese group were found to have metabolic diseases, mostly hypertension (43%). In conclusion, a balanced diet to avoid excessive nutrient intake is needed to prevent obesity.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

보호자와 의사관계에서 가장 중요한 것은 신뢰이며, 특히 소아청소년과 좋은 관계를 유지하며 원칙적이면서도 구체적인 방법을 같이 의논하여 결정한다. 보호자가 이미 알고 있는 단편적인 의학지식을 잘 엮어서 통합하여 주고, 신체활동과 함께 상담하여야 한다. 1. 에너지 소비와 섭취의 균형을 유지해야하는 원칙을 강조한다. 맛있는 음식이 있을 때 과식하는 것은 사실 당연하다. 많이 먹었을 때 많이 움직여야 한다는 것을 강조한다. TV시청시간과 컴퓨터사용시간을 2시간 이하로 제한하고, 신체활동은 1시간 이상 될 때까지 증가한다. 2. 치료의 목적은 건강한 식습관으로 개선하여 평생 건강하게 지내는 것이 목적이다. 단순히 절식하는 것이 아니며 평생 건강할 수 있도록 좋은 습관으로 개선하는 것이다. 3. 건강하게 음식을 선택하는 방법을 교육한다. 소아청소년 비만은 성인비만으로 연결되며, 결국에는 대사증후군으로 당뇨나 고혈압 등 합병증이 오게 되므로, 음식을 어떻게 선택하는 것이 건강한지 설명한다. 4. 야채와 과일 섭취를 권장한다. 5. 음료수도 음식과 같이 생각하여 달콤한 음료수를 먹지 않는다. 6. 칼슘섭취를 위하여 저지방이나 무지방우유를 권한다. 7. 가족과 함께 식습관을 개선하다. 아침 먹기, 밤늦게 먹지 않기, 모든 음식 천천히 먹기, 씹지 않고 물과 함께 삼키지 않는지 확인하고 개선한다. 가족과 함께 식사하는 횟수를 늘린다. 부모는 자녀의 모범이 되어야 한다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.248-257
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on dietary behavior and nutrient intake among the male college students. The subjects were divided into three groups; non smoker(n=84), moderate smoker(n=68), and heavy smoker(n=89) according to duration and degree of smoking. And they were asked for general characteristics, life style, eating pattern, food frequency, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 26.2$\pm$6.2 years, 173.3$\pm$5.3㎝, 66.5$\pm$9.3㎏, and 22.1$\pm$2.7㎏/$m^2$, respectively. The type of residence and frequency of alcohol drinking were significantly different among three groups; the frequency of self-boarding and alcohol drinking in moderate smoker and heavy smoker was higher than those in non smoker. Comparing with non smoker, the frequency of skipping meals, especially breakfast and supper, was significantly high in moderate smoker and heavy smoker. The most common reason why heavy smoker skipped meals was ‘eating habit’, while it was ‘lack of time’ in non smoker. The results showed that the heavy smoker tended to drink coffee more often compared to the other two groups. There were no significant differences in nutrient intakes among three groups. In conclusion, heavy smoking students have unhealthy dietary behaviors in terms of high frequency of alcohol drinking, habit of skipping meals and frequent coffee drinking showing a strong need of proper education on smoking withdrawal and meal practice for them.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.84-95
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• 2016

This study investigated the food behavior and nutritional status of children using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ). The subjects for this study were 974 students and their parents who lived in Seocho-gu, Gwanak-gu, and Dongjak-gu, Seoul. The average NQ score of the subjects was 68.3, which was a medium grade. The mean scores for balance and moderation were above the thresholds, whereas the mean scores for diversity, regularity, and practice did not reach the thresholds. According to the results of evaluation by NQ, the subjects may have insufficient intake of calcium, iron, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C. NQ and NQ factors were different according to the general characteristics and home background characteristics of the subjects. The mean scores for the moderation factor was significantly lower as the eating out frequency increased (p<0.001). The mean scores for balance, moderation, and regularity factors were significantly higher, with higher parents educational level. It is necessary to choose diverse side dishes, vegetables and also foods with balanced nutrition when eating out.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence shows that eating breakfast and breakfast types may be associated with health outcomes and dietary intakes in various populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between breakfast types in Korean adults with their daily nutrient intakes and health outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 11,801 20- to 64-year-old adults (age $42.9{\pm}11.8$ yrs [$mean{\pm}standard$ error of the mean]; male 41.1%, female 58.9%) in 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data were divided into 5 groups based on breakfast types in a 24-hr dietary recall: rice with 3 or more side dishes (Rice3+, 35.3%), rice with 0-2 side dishes (Rice0-2, 34.73%), noodles (1.56%), bread and cereal (6.56%), and breakfast skipping (21.63%). Daily nutrient intakes and the risk of metabolic syndrome were compared among five groups. RESULTS: Compared with Korean Recommended Nutrient Intake levels, the breakfast-skipping group showed the lowest intake level in most nutrients, whereas the Rice3+ group showed the highest. Fat intake was higher in the bread and noodle groups than in the other groups. When compared with the Rice3+ group, the odds ratios for the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome were increased in the breakfast skipping, Rice0-2, and noodle groups after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The rice-based breakfast group showed better nutritional status and health outcomes when eating with 3 or more side dishes. Nutrition education is needed to emphasize both the potential advantage of the rice-based, traditional Korean diet in terms of nutritional content and the importance of food diversity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2012

This study aims to determine the association between obesity-related behaviors (dietary practices, physical activity and body image) and body weight status among adolescents. A total of 382 adolescents (187 males and 195 females) aged 13 to 15 years in Kajang, Selangor participated in this study. Majority of the respondents were Malays (56.0%), followed by Chinese (30.1%) and Indians (13.9%). Dietary practices, physical activity and body image of the adolescents were assessed through the eating behaviors questionnaire, two-day dietary record, two-day physical activity record and multi-dimensional body image scale (MBIS), respectively. Body weight and height were measured by trained researchers. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (19.5%) was about twice the prevalence of underweight (10.5%). About two-thirds of the respondents (72.3%) skipped at least one meal and half of them (56.2%) snacked between meals with a mean energy intake of $1,641{\pm}452$ kcal/day. More than half of the respondents (56.8%) were practicing sedentary lifestyle with a mean energy expenditure of $1,631{\pm}573$ kcal per day. Energy intake (r = 0.153, P < 0.05), physical activity (r = 0.463, P < 0.01) and body image (r = 0.424, P < 0.01) were correlated with BMI. However, meal skipping, snacking and energy expenditure per kg body weight were not associated with body weight status. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that body image, physical activity and energy intake contributed significantly in explaining body weight status of the adolescents. In short, overweight and obesity were likely to be associated not only with energy intake and physical activity, but also body image. Hence, promoting healthy eating, active lifestyle and positive body image should be incorporated in future obesity prevention programmes in adolescents.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2011

In order to analyze principles of taking concoction and make clear the origin of contraindication against five pungent vegetables, the regulations of Guizhitang prescription in "Shanghanlun" the twelfth article and "Wushierbingfang", "Wuweihandaiyijian", "Jinguiyaolue" were researched. Four principles of taking concoction were put in order; strengthening the effect of concoction by eating hot rice gruel and wearing bedclothes, preventing decline of drug effect by food regulations, optimization of elution and effect of material herbs by crushing, low heating, determination of administration time based on manifestations of drug effect by sweating and its aspect. These principles and methods of taking concoctions were developed from boiling to simple processing of material herbs, contraindication in the middle of taking concoction and perspiration by wearing bedclothes and eating hot rice gruel in order from the analysis of medical literatures. The contraindication against pungent vegetables were generalized in early Dong-Han dynasty already, and the five pungent vegetables were inferred as Allium tuberosum, Allium bakeri regel, spring onion, wild rocambole and garlic in medical context to the exclusion of religious idea. The reason of prohibition against five pungent vegetables could be interpreted as optimization of therapeutic effects by pharmacological control of pungent ingredients because the healthy qi damage and evil qi retention were resulted from destroying of harmonious ying and wei by overeating pungent vegetables during disease state. Conclusively the regulations of Guizhitang prescription referred to taking concoction in "Shanghanlun" fulfilled their functions to maximize pharmacological effects through various ways inside and outside and these reasonal principles of taking concoction has been influenced over the traditional medical practice deeply.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.140-151
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate health behaviors of patients before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The subjects of this study were 120 men and women whose age ranged from 40 years to 69 years among the patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention in Y university hospital that was located in Daegu city and who had diagnosed for 3 months or more and less than 2 years. Structured questionnaire was used to conduct self-administered survey from May 15 to October 12 in 2012. Results: Patients's health behavior score was ranged from 46 to 94 points after the PCI intervention. The score was $65.42{\pm}12.99$ points before and significantly increased up to $72.53{\pm}10.18$ points after the PCI intervention (p<.001). According to subcategory of health behavior, significant differences were found in scores of health responsibility (increased interest in health, watching of lecture on health and behavior to be punctual on counseling or medical treatment), diet, smoking, and drinking (p<.001, p=.039, p=<.001). However, no significant change was found in practice efforts such as exercise, eating habits and relaxation for stress management. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is necessary to provide education and counseling that enabling patients to improve smoking, drinking, practicing exercise and healthy eating habits.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Average intake of calcium among college students is below the recommended intake, and knowledge surrounding the attitudinal and behavioral factors that influence milk and dairy intake, a primary food source of calcium, is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate college students' attitudes and behaviors concerning milk and dairy consumption and their association with calcium intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants were 1,730 undergraduate students who completed an online survey (SurveyMonkey) as part of baseline data collection for a social marketing dairy campaign. The online survey assessed attitudes and behaviors concerning milk and dairy intake, and calcium intake. Questions about milk- and dairy-related attitudes and behaviors were grouped into 14 factors using factor analysis. Predictors of calcium intake were then evaluated. RESULTS: Median calcium intake across all participants was 928.6 mg/day, with males consuming higher calcium intakes than females (P < 0.001). Adjusted for gender, calcium intakes were most strongly (and positively) correlated with associating milk with specific eating occasions and availability (i.e., storing calcium-rich foods in one's dorm or apartment) (both P < 0.001). Other correlates of calcium intake included: positive-viewing milk as healthy (P = 0.039), having family members who drink milk) (P = 0.039), and taking calcium supplements (P = 0.056); and negative-parent rules concerning milk (P = 0.031) and viewing milk in dining halls negatively (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Calcium intakes among college students enrolled in the current study was below the recommended dietary allowance of 1,000 mg/day, reinforcing the need for dietary interventions in this target population, especially females. Practitioners and researchers should consider the factors found here to impact calcium intake, particularly associating milk with specific eating occasions (e.g., milk with breakfast) and having calcium-rich foods available in the dorm room or apartment, as intervention strategies in future efforts aimed at promoting milk and dairy foods and beverages for improved calcium intake in college students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study assessed household food security status and determined its association with diet quality and weight status among indigenous women from the Mah Meri tribe in Peninsular Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument and the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) were used to assess household food security status and diet quality, respectively. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected through face-to-face interview, and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained from 222 women. RESULTS: Majority of households (82.9%) experienced different levels of food insecurity: 29.3% household food insecurity, 23.4% individual food insecurity, and 30.2% fell into the child hunger group. The food-secure group had significantly fewer children and smaller household sizes than the food-insecure groups (P < 0.05). The mean household income, income per capita, and food expenditure significantly decreased as food insecurity worsened (P < 0.001). The food-secure group had significantly higher Malaysian HEI scores for grains and cereals (P < 0.01), as well as for meat, poultry, and eggs (P < 0.001), than the food-insecure groups. The child-hunger group had significantly higher fat (P < 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.001) scores than the food-secure and household food-insecure groups. Compared to the individual food-insecure and child-hunger groups, multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the food-secure group was significantly associated with a higher Malaysian HEI score while the household food-insecure group was significantly associated with a higher BMI after controlling for age (P < 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of indigenous households faced food insecurity. Food insecurity at the individual and child levels was associated with lower quality of diet, while food insecurity at the household level was associated with higher body weight. Therefore, a substantial effort by all stakeholders is warranted to improve food insecurity among poorer households. The results suggest a pressing need for nutritional interventions to improve dietary intake among low income households.