• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.170-174
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• 2005

The waste land can be changed to the land that creature can survive by the greening. The studies on the rooftop greening have increased rapidly in number since these studies have made a positive effect on the improvement of the urban ecosystem and the lacking greens environment of the city. However, the majority of research are for rooftop greening system of the public and commercial building. Therefore, the development of easily available rooftop greening system for private residences is required.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

Information of local solar radiation is essential for many field, including water resources management, crop yield estimation, crop growth model, solar energy systems and irrigation and drainage design. Unfortunately, solar radiation measurements are not easily available due to the cost and maintenance and calibration requirements of the measuring equipment and station. Therefore, it is important to elaborate methods to estimate the solar radiation based on readily available meteorological data. In this study, two empirical equations are employed to estimate daily solar radiation using Cheongju Regional Meteorological Office data. Two scenarios are considered: (a) sunshine duration data are available for a given location, or (b) only daily cloudiness index records exist. Simple linear regression with daily sunshine duration and cloudiness index as the dependent variable accounted for 91% and 80%, respectively of the variation of solar radiation(H) at 2011. Daily global solar radiation is highly correlated with sunshine duration. In order to indicate the performance of the models, the statistical test methods of the mean bias error(MBE), root mean square error(RMSE) and correlation coefficient(r) are used. Sunshine duration and cloudiness index can be easily and reliably measured and data are widely available.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2019

Objective: To establish a cost-effective and easily available phantom for training residents in ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid nodule targeting punctures. Materials and Methods: Tofu, drinking straws filled with coupling gel, a urine tube, and 21-gauge needles were used to generate a phantom thyroid with nodules for training. Twelve radiology residents were involved in the study. The puncture success rates were recorded and compared before and after phantom training using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: On ultrasonography, tofu mimicked the texture of the thyroid. Drinking straws filled with coupling gel mimicked vessels. The urine tube filled with air mimicked the trachea, and 21-gauge needles mimicked small nodules in the transverse section. The entire phantom was similar to the structure of the thyroid and surrounding tissues. The puncture success rates of radiology residents were significantly increased from 34.4 ± 14.2% to 66.7 ± 19.5% after training (p = 0.003). The phantom was constructed in approximately 10 minutes and materials cost less than CNY 10 (approximately $ 1.5) at a local store. Conclusion: The tofu model was cost-effective, easily attainable, and effective for training residents in ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid nodule targeting punctures in vitro.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2012

QR Code는 스마트폰 사용자의 증가로 인해 명함, 쿠폰, 광고, 결제 등의 많은 분야에서 이용할 수 있다. 특히, 기업이나 회사의 이미지, 마케팅에도 이용할 수 있으며 한글, 영어 외에도 인터넷 주소를 이용한 개인, 기업 PR이나 홍보에도 이용할 수 있다. 구현된 모바일 웹 플랫폼은 주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있으나 막상 이해하기 쉽지 않은 상품정보 중에서 와인 정보를 사례로 하여 구현하였고 QR Code를 이용하여 쉽고 빠르게 소비자에게 원하는 정보를 제공할 수 있도록 구현하였다. 또한 구현된 모바일 웹 플랫폼을 통한 아이디어를 바탕으로 다양한 서비스와 수익 창출을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.759-761
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• 2008

Purpose: Surgery on digit requires a clear, bloodless field and it can be achieved by using a tourniquet. Several type of tourniquet have been used including Penrose drains and sterile glove with hemostat. We present a simple digital tourniquet using nelaton catheter, which is easily available, inexpensive, easy-to-apply, and effective for digital surgery. Methods: We made a small incision on the opposite side of an opening at the tip of nelaton catheter. Then the other tip of nelaton catheter is passed through the incision to form a ring. Nelaton catheter is placed aournd the base of the injured finger, making a tight circle to desired pressure. Results: A simple tourniquet using nelaton catheter effectively achieves a bloodless field and allows fine control of the pressure for digital surgery. Conclusion: We present a sismple digital tourniquet using nelaton catheter, which is easily available, inexpensive, tunable, and available for more than one finger.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.366-368
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• 1989

The 3-formyl-2-cephem 4, available from 7-aminocephalosporanic acid has been converted to C-3 vinylic cephems. The reactions involved are the Grignard addition to 4, the conversion of the resulting alcohols to mesylates, and the elimination of the mesyl group by LiCl. When ethylmagnesium iodide is used, only 3-[(E)-1-propenyl] cephem is obtained, which is not easily available by conventional Wittig reaction.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Phosphorus(P) is a vital factor for rice but excess input of phosphorus fertilizer can cause environmental risk and waste of fertilizer resources. We studied to assess the change of available phosphate, P balance, critical concentration of available phosphate under a rice single system. METHODS AND RESULTS: The changes of available phosphate of paddy soil were examined from long-term fertilization experiment which was started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no phosphate fertilization(No fert., and N), phosphate fertilization(NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS). The available phosphorus concentrations in treatments without phosphate fertilizer (No fert. and N) were decreased continuously. But, after 47 years, available phosphate content in phosphate fertilizer treatment (NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS) reached at the highest ($245{\sim}331mg\;kg^{-1}$), showing a tendency to decrease afterward. The mean annual P field balance in these treatments (NPK, NPKC, and NPKCLS) had positive values that varied from 16.6 to $17.5kg\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$, and ratio of residual P were increased. These showed that phosphate fertilizer in soil were converted into the form of residual phosphorus which was not easily extracted by available phosphate extractant. Also, It was estimated that the critical value of available phosphate for rice cultivation was $120mg\;kg^{-1}$ using Cate-Nelson equation. CONCLUSION: We concluded that no more phosphate fertilizer should be applied in rice single system if soil available phosphate is higher than the critical P value.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2000

Statement of Problem. As a standard means of diagnostics, an orthopantomogram(OPT) permits to measure the vertical and mesiodistal dimension of available bone at the desired implant site with the help of suitable radioopaque references. Based on the clinical investigation of the dentition and the edentulous sites, information upon the width of the implant site can be obtained and documented in the dental scheme. Both findings permit together systematic primary planning for endosteal implants. Purpose of Study. Contents of the present article are the representation of a semiquantitative classification of available bone with the aim to simplify the primary phase of a systematic implant planning. Results. Thus the ASCIi- system permits a clear protocol of bone findings for the implant case with all information available during the primary appointment for treatment planning as a basis of further diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Conclusion. With the ASCIi system, important parameters such as alveolar height and sub-crestal alveolar width can be documented systematically, easily and time saving in the dental scheme as a basis for exact treatment planning.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1984

Lysine is known as a limiting amino acid in rice. In addition, it is considered to be important in that it is easily non-activated by the browning reaction during processing or storage. The present study was designed to utilize a kinetic approach to analyse the effect of temperature and water activity on available lysine loss in rice. Simplified kinetic models were used to obtain the various kinetic parameters for available lysine loss in rice subjected to accelerated shelf-life tests (ASLT). These kinetic parameters were then used to predict protein quality loss under the non-steady state storage. The predicted losses were compared to the actual losses. As expected, available lysine loss was increased with increased temperature and water activity. The activation energies and $Q_{10}$ values for available lysine loss ranged from 4.03 to 5.10 Kcal/ mole and 1.22 to 1.27, respectively, The shelf-lives at $25^{\circ}C$, the time to reach 25% loss of the available lysine, which was derived from the accelerated shelf-life tests showed 67 to 107 days according to $a_w$'s. The amount of loss for the fluctuating condition was greater than that occurring at the mean temperature of $45^{\circ}C$. Actually, the differences in effective temperature for the fluctuating storage were between about 4 and $6^{\circ}C$. In predicting the extent of loss using constant state data, the predicted shelf-lives were 2 to 7 days shorter than the actual storage values.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

Long span structures with low natural frequencies such as shopping malls, large offices, and assembly rooms may experience signification dynamic responses due to human activities. In this study, equations to estimate the magnitudes of group walking loads are derived and a simple procedure to estimate and evaluate the corresponding response of the existing and new building structures subjected to human loads is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified analytically using a simple floor and experimentally on a footbridge measuring the structural response induced by group pedestrians. Results indicatethat the amplitudes of group walking loads can be easily estimated if the mode shapes are available, and that the corresponding structural responses can be estimated easily by the simple response measurement using the proposed method.