• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1997년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 1997
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• pp.21-26
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• 1997

For 262 locations throughout the southern part of Korean peninsula, intensities of 13 December 1996 Yeongweol earthquake are estimated to make an isoseismal map and investigate attenuation properties in the southern part of Korea. Due to the inherent uncertainties in the estimation of intensities, obtained intensity map show quite scattered pattern of intensity distribution. Estimated intensities range from III to possibly Ⅷ. In case of intensity larger than Ⅵ, considerable damages such as fracturing of walls are reported one of the most significant feature of the intensity map is, considering its magnitude 4.7 reported by KMA, the felt area is appeared to be unusually large covering most of the Korean peninsula except Cheju island. This result indicates ether the magnitude is underestimated or the focus of this earthquake is much deeper. Assuming shallow(less than 10km) intraplate earthquake, we obtained average magnitude 5.6 by using the area encircled by isoseismal contour lines from intensity IV to intensity Ⅶ. This ambiguity can be clarified if more reliable focal depth is estimated by using teleseismic earthquake records in the future.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.503-518
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• 2014

On October 23, 2011, an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 struck Van, Turkey. This powerful earthquake caused the deaths of 604 people, more than 2,000 injuries, and a considerable loss of property. After this devastating earthquake, on November 9, 2011, another earthquake of magnitude 5.7 occurred. This moderate earthquake caused the deaths of 40 people. Partial and total collapse of the masonry and adobe buildings occurred in the rural areas of Van. In this paper, the acceleration records and response spectrums of the earthquakes were given and the structural deficiencies and reasons of the failures of the rural buildings were evaluated according to the Turkish Seismic Code. The observed failures showed that low quality of structural materials, poor workmanship, lack of engineering services and insufficient detailing of the structural elements are the main reasons of damages.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권7_spc호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2016

Secure operation of hospitals during and right after earthquake is essential. Past lessons from earthquake damages have shown that most of the injured and the death occurred within 30 minutes after earthquake and the portion of nonstructural damage has become significant. However, hospital buildings in Korea have not prepared fully to address such rising issues. This paper is to study what type of damage patterns are related to hospital buildings and how to develop a preparedness plan to keep hospitals operational at all earthquakes if possible. This paper first reviews on past earthquake damages reported as critical to hospital buildings while classifying them into four groups: (1) structural element; (2) architectural-nostructural element; (3) medical equipments and contents; and (4) utility facility. Upon such classification, some detailed concerns can be specified under each group explicitly. Then a hierarchy for hospital building is also developed for the classified groups, which enables us to identify required things for the enhancement of seismic performance of hospital building that consists of heterogeneous elements. To upgrade the level of seismic performance for existing hospital buildings, the concept of performance-based approach can be adopted to address the heterogeneous problems in a systematic and stepwise manner. Finally a conceptual framework for the seismic risk assessment for hospital building is proposed toward the seismic enhancement of hospital buildings using performance-based approach.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.207-232
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• 2011

The development of reliable earthquake mitigation plans and seismic risk management procedures can only be based on the establishment of comprehensive earthquake hazard and loss scenarios. Two cities, Grevena (Greece) and D$\ddot{u}$zce (Turkey), were used as case studies in order to apply a comprehensive methodology for the vulnerability and loss assessment of lifelines. The methodology has the following distinctive phases: detailed inventory, identification of the typology of each component and system, evaluation of the probabilistic seismic hazard, geotechnical zonation, ground response analysis and estimation of the spatial distribution of seismic motion for different seismic scenarios, vulnerability analysis of the exposed elements at risk. Estimating adequate earthquake scenarios for different mean return periods, and selecting appropriate vulnerability functions, expected damages of the water and waste water systems in D$\ddot{u}$zce and of the roadway network and waste water system of Grevena are estimated and discussed; comparisons with observed earthquake damages are also made in the case of D$\ddot{u}$zce, proving the reliability and the efficiency of the proposed methodology. The results of the present study constitute a sound basis for the development of efficient loss scenarios for lifelines and infrastructure facilities in seismic prone areas. The first part of this paper, concerning the estimation of the seismic ground motions, has been utilized in the companion paper by Kappos et al. (2010) in the same journal.

• 대기
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2007

Of late, natural disasters are becoming more frequent and the damages caused by these are quite substantial. All these are mainly due to a climate change. Many scientists from various countries are therefore engaged in research on atmospheric sciences and seismology. Korea meteorological administration (KMA) has established an advanced research and development center "CATER" for atmospheric sciences and earthquake. CATER has been managing and promoting the five major fields of research such as strategic meteorology, applied meteorology, climate change/countermeasure, earthquake, and research planning for CATER. Compared to 2006, CATER in 2007 has increased the funding by 7% and 5% for the climate change/countermeasure and the earthquake research fields, respectively. Also, the distribution rate of funding in 2007 has increased in 12% for basic research, 6% for university research organization, and 13% for the local area. CATER is trying to construct basic system and infrastructure for atmospheric sciences and earthquake research based on information technology. KMA has also a middle-term vision plan "World Best 365" for atmospheric science and earthquake research. These will give us a chance to become advanced nation in field of atmospheric sciences and seismology.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.545-560
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• 2015

In this paper, blast-induced vibration effects on buildings located in rural areas were investigated. Damages to reinforced concrete, adobe and masonry buildings were evaluated in Çatakk$\ddot{o}pr\ddot{u}$ and Susuz villages in Silvan district of Diyarbakir, Turkey. Blasting of stiff rocks to construct highway at vicinity of the villages damaged the buildings seriously. The most important reason of the damages is lack of engineering services and improper constructed buildings according to the current building design codes. Also, it is determined that, inappropriate blast method and soft soil class increased the damages to the buildings. The study focuses on four points: Blast effect on buildings, soil conditions in villages, building damages and evaluation of damage reasons according to the current Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.505-518
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• 2013

In this study, the seismic performance of a residential building which was damaged in the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) Earthquake (Ms = 6.8) is performed. Damages on columns due to short columns are estimated analytically implementing the shear hinges and results are compared with the observed damages on the building after the earthquake. In seismic performance evaluation, a deformation based approach is adopted, whereby the structural behavior under external and seismic loads is evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of short columns formed by band windows in basement floors are investigated analytically. The sizes of band windows are parametrically changed in order to understand the effects of short columns on overall building behavior.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1710-1722
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• 2018

Investigating remained damages from terrible earthquakes, it could be concluded that some events including explosion because of defect and failure in the building mechanical facilities or caused by gas leak, firing, aftershocks, etc., which are occurred during or a few time after the earthquake, will increase the effects of damages. In this paper, by introducing a complete risk analysis which included direct and indirect risks for earthquake (the main shock) and aftershock, the corresponding robustness index was created that called as "robustness index sequential critical events risk-based". One of the main properties of the intended robustness index is using progressive collapse percentage in its evaluation. Then, in a numerical example for a 4-storey moment resisting steel frame structure, a method is presented for obtaining all effective parameters in robustness index evaluation based on the intended risk and at last its results were reported.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2010년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.16-24
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• 2010

This paper introduces the applications of Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (TELES), which is developed by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). Seismic disaster simulation technology (SDST) integrates geographical information system to assess the distribution of ground shaking intensity, ground failure probability, building damages, casualties, post-quake fires, debris, lifeline interruptions, economic losses, etc. given any set of seismic source parameters. The SDST may integrate with Taiwan Rapid Earthquake Information Release System (TREIRS) developed by Central Weather Bureau (CWB) to obtain valuable information soon after large earthquakes and to assist in decision-making processes to dispatch rescue and medical resources more efficiently. The SDST may also integrate with probabilistic seismic source model to evaluate various kinds of risk estimates, such as average annual loss, probable maximum loss in one event, and exceeding probability curves of various kinds of losses, to help proposing feasible countermeasures and risk management strategies.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.327-346
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• 2016

The 2012 Emilia (Italy) earthquakes struck a highly industrialized area including several thousands of industrial prefabricated buildings. Due to the lack of specific design and detailing for earthquake resistance, precast reinforced concrete (RC) buildings suffered from severe damages and even partial or total collapses in many cases. The present study reports a data inventory of damages from field survey on prefabricated buildings. The damage database concerns more than 1400 buildings (about 30% of the total precast building stock in the struck region). Making use of the available shakemaps of the two mainshocks, damage distributions were related with distance from the nearest epicentre and corresponding Pseudo-Spectral Acceleration for a period of 1 second (PSA at 1 s) or Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). It was found that about 90% of the severely damaged to collapsed buildings included into the database stay within 16 km from the epicentre and experienced a PSA larger than 0.12 g. Moreover, 90% of slightly to moderately damaged buildings are located at less than 25 km from the epicentre and were affected by a PSA larger than 0.06 g. Nevertheless, the undamaged buildings examined are almost uniformly distributed over the struck region and 10% of them suffered a PSA not lower than 0.19g. The damage distributions in terms of the maximum experienced PGA show a sudden increase for $PGA{\geq}0.28g$. In this PGA interval, 442 buildings were collected in the database; 55% of them suffered severe damages up to collapse, 32% reported slight to moderate damages, whereas the remaining 13% resulted undamaged.