• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2003

고강도 콘크리트의 초기 균열 제어를 위해서는 균열 발생의 주요 원인인 자기수축에 대한 실험과 예측, 그리고 감소 방안에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 물-결합재비가 0.50~0.27이고 플라이 애쉬 대체율이 0, 10, 20, 30%인 콘크리트의 자기수축을 측정하였으며, 실험결과를 토대로 예측 모델을 제안하였다. 실험 결과, 물-결합재비가 낮아짐에 따라 자기수축이 증가하였으며, 재령 초기에서 자기수축 발현률이 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 플라이 애쉬 대체율이 증가할수록 자기수축이 감소하는 결과를 얻었다. 비록 재령 초기에 큰 자기수축이 발생했다 하더라도 콘크리트의 강성(탄성계수)이 낮은 동안에는 응력은 발생하지 않게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 강성의 변화를 고려하기 위해 초음파 속도 발현 특성으로부터 콘크리트 강성의 발현 시점을 간접적으로 조사하여 이를 자기수축 모델링에 사용하였다. 실용적인 측면에서, 본 연구에서 제안된 모델은 자기수축과 이로 인해 발생한 응력을 예측하는 데에 유효하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2004

This paper describes an experimental investigation of how time-dependent deformations of high strength concretes are affected by maximum size of coarse aggregate, curing time, and relatively low sustained stress level. A set of high strength concrete mixes, mainly containing two different maximum sizes of coarse aggregate, have been used to investigate drying shrinkage and creep strain of high strength concrete for 7 and 28-day moist cured cylinder specimens. Based upon one-year experimental results, drying shrinkage of high strength concrete was significantly affected by the maximum size of coarse aggregate at early age, and become gradually decreased at late age. The larger the maximum size of coarse aggregate in high strength concrete shows the lower the creep strain. The prediction equations for drying shrinkage and creep coefficient were developed on the basis of the experimental results, and compared with existing prediction models.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

The autogenous shrinkage is a important phenomenon of high performance concrete since it may decrease the concrete member's durability by induce crack at early age. So the autogenous shrinkage behavior of high strength concrete was studied according to different replacement ratio of silica fume and fly ash. A linear measurement technique which was introduced by the JCI autogenous commitee was used.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.645-648
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 초기재령 고강도 콘크리트의 수화발열 특성 및 자기수축 특성의 직접적인 상관관계를 분석하기 위한 기초연구로서, 우선 초기재령 콘크리트의 수화온도와 자기수축의 발현 특성을 정량적으로 표현할 수 있는 통계적 방법에 대해 고찰하였다. 우선 수화발열 특성 및 자기수축 특성을 표현할 수 있는 정량적인 계수로서 수화온도와 자기수축이 급격하게 증가하는 구간의 기울기인 수화발열상승속도와 자기수축증가속도를 설정하였으며, 이 두 계수는 통계적 수법을 활용하여 일정범위의 결정계수를 갖는 회귀계수로 산정하는 것으로 제안하였다. 또한 설정된 통계적 분석방법의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 실제 측정된 수화온도 및 자기수축 데이터를 분석하였으며, 그 결과 초기재령 고강도 콘크리트의 수화발열 특성 및 자기수축 특성을 보다 정량적으로 분석할 수 있었으며, 두 가지 특성의 상관관계를 정량적인 수치로 비교 분석하는 것이 가능하였다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2007

Fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) is a new type of concrete mix that can mitigate two opposing weaknesses: poor workability in fiber-reinforced concrete and cracking resistance in plain SCC concrete. This study focused on early-age cracking of FRSCC due to restrained drying shrinkage, one of the most common causes of cracking. In order to investigate the effect of fiber on shrinkage cracking of FRSCC, ring shrinkage tests were performed for polypropylene and steel fiber-reinforced SCC. In addition, finite element analyses for those specimens were carried out considering drying shrinkage based on moisture diffusion, creep, cracking resistance of concrete, and the effect of fiber. The analysis results were verified via a comparison between the measured and calculated crack width. From the test and analysis results, the effectiveness of fiber with respect to reducing cracking was confirmed and some salient features on the shrinkage cracking of FRSCC were obtained.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.359-376
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• 2023

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has become an attractive cast-in-place repairing material for existing engineering structures. The present study aims to investigate age-dependent high-early-strength UHPC (HESUHPC) material properties (i.e., compressive strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and tensile strength) as well as interfacial shear properties of HESUHPC-normal strength concrete (NSC) composites cured at different season temperatures (i.e., summer, autumn, and winter). The typical temperatures were kept for at least seven days in different seasons from weather forecasting to guarantee an approximately consistent curing and testing condition (i.e., temperature and relative humidity) for specimens at different ages. The HESUHPC material properties are tested through standardized testing methods, and the interfacial bond performance is tested through a bi-surface shear testing method. The test results quantify the positive development of HESUHPC material properties at the early age, and the increasing amplitude decreases from summer to winter. Three-day mechanical properties in winter (with the lowest curing temperature) still gain more than 60% of the 28-day mechanical properties, and the impact of season temperatures becomes small at the later age. The HESUHPC shrinkage mainly occurs at the early age, and the final shrinkage value is not significant. The HESUHPC-NSC interface exhibits sound shear performance, the interface in most specimens does not fail, and most interfacial shear strengths are higher than the NSC-NSC composite. The HESUHPC-NSC composites at the shear failure do not exhibit a large relative slip and present a significant brittleness at the failure. The typical failures are characterized by thin-layer NSC debonding near the interface, and NSC pure shear failure. Two load-slip development patterns, and two types of main crack location are identified for the HESUHPC-NSC composites tested in different ages and seasons. In addition, shear capacity of the HESUHPC-NSC composite develops rapidly at the early age, and the increasing amplitude decreases as the season temperature decreases. This study will promote the HESUHPC application in practical engineering as a cast-in-place repairing material subjected to different natural environments.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.459-473
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• 2011

The study of the early age concrete properties is becoming more important, as the thermal effects and the shrinkage, even in the first hours, could generate cracks, increasing the permeability of the structure and being able to induce problems of durability and functionality in the same ones. The detailed study of the stresses development during the construction process can be decisive to keep low the cracking levels. In this work a computational model, based on the finite element method, was implemented to simulate the early age concrete behavior and, specially, the evaluation of the cracking risk. The finite element analysis encloses the computational modeling of the following phenomena: chemical, thermal, moisture diffusion and mechanical which occur at the first days after the concrete cast. The developed software results were compared with experimental values found in the literature, demonstrating an excellent approach for all the implemented analysis.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.295-328
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• 2008

A previously published multiscale model for early-age cement-based materials [Pichler, et al.2007. "A multiscale micromechanics model for the autogenous-shrinkage deformation of early-age cement-based materials." Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 74, 34-58] is extended towards upscaling of viscoelastic properties. The obtained model links macroscopic behavior, i.e., creep compliance of concrete samples, to the composition of concrete at finer scales and the (supposedly) intrinsic material properties of distinct phases at these scales. Whereas finer-scale composition (and its history) is accessible through recently developed hydration models for the main clinker phases in ordinary Portland cement (OPC), viscous properties of the creep active constituent at finer scales, i.e., calcium-silicate-hydrates (CSH) are identified from macroscopic creep tests using the proposed multiscale model. The proposed multiscale model is assessed by different concrete creep tests reported in the open literature. Moreover, the model prediction is compared to a commonly used macroscopic creep model, the so-called B3 model.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.463-468
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• 2003

A finite element formulation to predict the flexural behavior of composite girder is presented in which the early-age properties of concrete are specified including maturing of elastic modulus, creep and shrinkage. The time dependent constitutive relation accounting for the early-age concrete properties is derived in an incremental format by expanding the total form of stress-strain relation by the first order Taylor series with respect to the reference time. The total potential energy of the flexural composite member is minimized to derive the time dependent finite element equilibrium equation. Numerical applications are made for the 3-span double composite steel box girders which is a composite bridge girder filled with concrete at the bottom of the steel box in the negative moment region. The numerical analysis with considering the variation of concrete elastic modulus are performed to investigate the effect of it on the early-age behavior of composite structures. The one dimensional finite element analysis results are compared with the analytical method based on the sectional analysis. Close agreement is observed among the two methods.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2011

최근 고성능 감수제, 실리카 퓸과 강섬유 등을 사용하여 제조한 초고성능 콘크리트(UHPC)의 사용이 전 세계적으로 증가하고 있다. UHPC는 강도가 높을 뿐만 아니라 조직이 치밀하여 내구성 측면에서도 우수한 성능을 갖고 있지만 W/B가 낮고 단위 시멘트량이 많기 때문에 초기 수화열과 자기수축이 많이 발생하여 재령 초기에 균열 발생 위험성이 높아지게 된다. UHPC의 초기 수축균열은 수축 저감제 및 팽창재의 자기수축 보상 효과에 의하여 제어할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 수축 저감제 및 팽창재를 혼입한 UHPC의 초음파 속도를 측정하여 재령 초기 강성 변화를 추정하였고, 수축 실험을 통하여 수축 저감제 및 팽창재가 UHPC의 자기수축에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 UHPC의 자기 수축 실험 결과로부터 자기수축 예측 모델의 재료 상수를 결정하였다. 결론적으로 수축 저감제 및 팽창재를 혼입함에 따라 UHPC 강성이 신속하게 발현되며, 자기수축 저감에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.