• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.5835-5838
• /
• 2012

Objective: Cervix cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancer types that cause cancer deaths among women. This study was planned based on a descriptive method in order to evaluate the results of PAP smear screening during pregnancy for prevention of cancer. Materials and Methods: The research involved 110 pregnant women registered at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic of Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital and 86 non-pregnant women of the same ages as a control group. As criteria for acceptance were conditions such as not being in coitus within the last 48 hours, not using vaginal ovule, and not performing vaginal lavage. A survey consisting of 33 questions was conducted and the results were processed using Bethesda. Results: The average ages were $27.1{\pm}4.70$ for the pregnant women and $28.8{\pm}4.24$ for the control group. 60.7% of cases had previously heard of a PAP smear test, 49% were aware of why PAP smear tests were conducted, 26.4% of pregnant participants and 27.3% of non-pregnant participants had previously undergone a smear test. In this study, smear results of all cases were 95.4% sufficient. 18.2% of pregnant cases had an infection, 54.5% had reactive cellular change, and 0.9% had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). 16.3% of non-pregnant cases had an infection, 58.1% had reactive cellular change, 3.5% had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), and 1.2% had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL). Conclusion: PAP smear test is a good opportunity to identify pre-invasive lesions in early phases of pregnancy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2011

Hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) tests are commonly used to screen for iron deficiency, but little research has been done to systematically evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these two tests. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZPP/H) ratio as a point-of-service screening test for iron deficiency among preschool-aged children by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of hemoglobin, ZPP/H ratio, and serum ferritin (SF). Also completed were assessments for the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with indicators of ferritin models. This study was carried out with 95 children ages 3 to 6 y. Anthropometric measurements were assessed and blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, SF, transferrin saturation (TS), and ZPP. Anemia was common and the prevalences of anemia, ID, and IDA were 14.7%, 12.6%, and 5.2%, respectively. The ZPP/H ratio was strongly and significantly correlated with hemoglobin. And ZPP/H ratio was a more sensitive test for ID than hemoglobin or SF measurement, correctly identifying more than twice as many iron-deficient children (sensitivity of 91.7%, compared to 41.7% for hemoglobin and SF). However, ZPP/H ratio had lower specificity (60.2%, compared to 89.1% for hemoglobin or 96.4% for SF) and resulted in the false identification of more subjects who actually were not iron deficient than did hemoglobin or SF. Low hemoglobin concentration is a late-stage indicator of ID, but ZPP/H ratio can detect ID at early stages and can be performed easily at a relatively low cost. Therefore, ZPP/H ratio can serve as a potential screening test for pre-anemic iron deficiency in community pediatric practices.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.1312-1315
• /
• 2008

DAPI 염색을 이용하여 세포사멸 유도물질의 초고속스크리닝에 적합한 protocol을 제작하였다. Liquid handler에서 dispensing과 multilabel counter에서의 상대적인 fluorescent intensity를 측정하는 과정을 자동화한 protocol을 제작하였고, 이의 과정은 매우 효율적으로 가동되었음을 확인하였다. DAPI에 binding된 DNA의 intensity를 측정하는 조건검토에서 가장자리의 36개를 reading하지 않는 것이 edge effect를 줄일수 있는 것을 확인하였고, 0.1 sec reading으로 시간을 절약할 수 있었다. 이의 결과를 효과적으로 이용할 경우, 세포사멸 유도물질의 초고속스크리닝 또는 이에 적합한 스크리닝이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.2267-2272
• /
• 2014

Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in Turkey. Nurses are essential providers of preventive care for patients, especially breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening as part of routine preventive practice. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of these cancers among nurses in Karabuk State Hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed from April 1 to July 30, 2013. The study sample consisted of 226 nurses working in Karabuk State Hospital. Results: Mean age of the nurses was $32.07{\pm}8.39$. 62.4% of nurses practiced breast self examination when they remembered it, while 39.8% of them did not take a Pap smear test since they did not think it was necessary. 64.2% of nurses would like to receive information about cancer and screening tests. Majority of them had given true answers to questions on breast, cervical and colorectal cancer. There were significant relationships between cancer knowledge scores and marital status, working experience, and level of education. Conclusions: Nurses possess adequate knowledge about breast cancer but they need more information on cancer risk estimation. Awareness may be raised in nurses by establishing continuing education programs regarding the risk factors, symptoms, protection methods, early diagnosis, and scanning of breast, cervix and colon cancers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of questionable development according to developmental screening testing for children, and to explore biological and environmental risk factors of developmental delays. Method: The study participants were 153 children under two years of age. A questionnaire and Home Observation for measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory were used to collect data, and Korean Denver II was administered. Results: The overall prevalence of questionable development was 11.1%. Significant differences in biological factors between the normal development group and questionable development group were the rate of prematurity, twins, the educational level of mother and father's and the presence of an illness in the mother (p<.10). Maternal acceptance in HOME was significantly different between the two groups. The factors related to questionable development that were significant in the logistic regression analysis were prematurity (OR=3.56, p=.026), and maternal acceptance in HOME score (OR=.629, p=.028). Conclusion: Early developmental screening tests seem necessary for all children, especially for prematurely born children. Also, child rearing environments were identified as significant factors in the development of all children. These findings suggest that the HOME scores might be useful in identifying children at risk for developmental delays, and that interventions for these children will probably be more effective if their mothers are helped to provide a more appropriate social environment.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2019

Many in vitro developmental toxicity assays have been proposed over several decades. Since the late 1980s, we have made intermittent attempts to introduce in vitro assays as screening tests for developmental toxicity of inhouse candidate products. Two cell-based assays which were developed two decades apart were intensively studied. One was an assay of inhibitory effects on mouse ascites tumor cell attachment to a concanavalin A-coated plastic sheet surface (MOT assay), which we studied in the early days of assay development. The other was an assay of inhibitory effects on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to beating heart cells (EST assay), which we assessed more recently. We evaluated the suitability of the assays for screening in-house candidates. The concordance rates with in vivo developmental toxicity were at the 60% level. The EST assay classified chemicals that inhibited cell proliferation as embryo-toxic. Both assays had a significant false positive rate. The assays were generally considered unsuitable for screening the developmental toxicity of our candidate compounds. Recent test systems adopt advanced technologies. Despite such evolution of materials and methods, the concordance rates of the EST and MOT systems were similar. This may suggest that the fundamental predictivity of in vitro developmental toxicity assays has remained basically unchanged for decades. To improve their predictivity, in vitro developmental toxicity assays should be strictly based on elucidated pathogenetic mechanisms of developmental toxicity.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 1999

목 적 : 신질환의 조기 진단을 위한 집단뇨검사 방법으로 단백뇨와 혈뇨검사를 동시에 시행하여 그 결과를 분석함으로써 집단뇨검사에서 잠혈검사 추가가 가지는 진단적 의의를 알아 보고자 하였다. 방법 및 대상 : 1차 선별검사는 전국 33개교 26,508명의 고등학교 1년생(16세군)을 대상으로 하였고 정밀검사는 서울시 1개교 875명의 고등학교 1년생(16세군)을 대상으로 실시하였다. 방법은 1997년 8월부터 12월까지 4개월간 한국 건강관리 협회와 공동으로 학교에서 무작위로 채취된 소변을 Combur-10 $N^{(R)}$ M (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany)검사지로 단백뇨, 혈뇨, 농뇨, 아질산염 등을 검사하였다. 양성자의 기준은 단백뇨, 혈뇨, 농뇨가 $1^{+}$ 이상인 경우와 아질산염에 양성반응이 나오는 경우로 정하였다. 실제 신질환의 감별을 위한 정밀검사는 1차 집단뇨검사 양성자를 대상으로 본원에서 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 1차 집단검사 결과에서 단백뇨 유병율은 $0.73\%$, 혈뇨 유병율은 $2.69\%$, 농뇨 유병율은 $0.23\%$ 그리고 아질산염 유병율은 $0.03\%$로 조사 되었다. 2)서울지역 1개교(875명)선별 정밀검사 결과: 1차검사 단백뇨 양성자 8명($0.91\%$)중 1명은 기립성 단백뇨, 나머지 7명은 일시적 단백뇨로 확인되었다. 1차검사 혈뇨 양성자는 41명($4.86\%$)이었고 이중 재검이 가능했던 33명중 6명만이 지속적인 혈뇨 양성자였고, 다시 시행한 정밀검사에서 한명만이 무증상 단독 혈뇨증으로 확인되었으며 나머지 5명은 정상이었다. 1차 소변검사 이상자 52명에 대한 혈액검사 및 초음파검사는 모두 정상이었다. 1차검사에서 혈뇨 양성자 33명중 1명(약$3\%$)만이 신질환이 의심되는 경우였고 나머지 32명($91\%$)은 정상이었다. 결 론 : 1) 혈뇨검사는 위양성이 높기 때문에 ($97\%$) 집단뇨검사에 포함시킬 경우 불필요한 시간과 경비의 낭비가 있을수 있다고 생각된다. 2) 집단뇨검사는 검사 기관에 따라 얻어지는 결과의 차이가 심하기 때문에 단일 기관으로 통합 관리해야 할 것이다. 3) 요로감염증의 선별검사에서 농뇨와 아질산염 검사는 양성율이 낮으므로 그 효용성에 대한 연구는 좀더 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.471-483
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the intention of the prostate cancer screening (PCS). To achieve this purpose, a structural equation model was established based on the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior. Methods: The subjects of this study were 260 male participants who were between 40 and 74 years old and had not taken the PCS. Data were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire (i.e., perceived benefits, perceived barriers, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and intention of the PCS). Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and fitness test were used to test hypotheses. Results: The intention of the PCS was directly affected by the perceived behavior control and indirectly influenced by the perceived benefits. The structural equation model also showed that the perceived behavior control explained 78% of the intention. Conclusion: To raise the intention to take the PCS, it is necessary to increase the confidence of a subject that may control its difficulties and inform the perceived benefits of the PCS to a subject.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권13호
• /
• pp.5475-5482
• /
• 2014

Cervical cancer, the second most common malignancy all over the world, is associated with HPV infection. In a developing country like India, lack of early detection and treatment facilities is the main cause for its high burden. Therefore, through our study we e tried to present the current scenario of existing facilities for the detection and treatment of cervical cancer in hospitals and primary health centers (PHCs) of Delhi-NCR region. Data were collected from 312 healthcare facilities including public and private hospitals and PHCs of all nine districts from Delhi-NCR region. Healthcare providers including gynecologists, medical officers, women health care providers and paramedical staff were interviewed, using a questionnaire; the facilities for screening, diagnosing, and treating cervical cancer in each institution were recorded, using a previously designed checklist. Our study has shown that the basic facilities for the detection and treatment of cervical cancer are abhorrently lacking in Public hospitals and PHCs as compared to the Private hospitals in Delhi-NCR region. This study demonstrates that there is an urgent need for more investment in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer facilities in public and rural healthcare facilities of Delhi-NCR region.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 1999

To investigate kernel hardness, a compression test which is widely used to measure the hardness of individual kernels as a physical testing method was made simultaneously with the measurement of friabilin (15KDa) which is strongly associated with kernel hardness and was recently developed as a biochemical marker for evaluating kernel hardness in 79 Korean wheat varieties and experimental lines. With the scattered diagram based on the principal component analysis from the parameters of the compression test, 79 Korean wheat varieties were classified into three groups based on the principal component analysis. Since conventional methods required large amount of flour samples for analysis of friabilin due to the relatively small amount of friabilin in wheat kernels, those methods had limitations for quality prediction in wheat breeding programs. An extraction of friabilin from the starch of a single kernel through cesium chloride gradient centrifugation was successful in this experiment. Among 79 Korean wheat varieties and experimental lines 50 lines (63.3%) exhibited a friabilin band and 29 lines (36.7%) did not show a friabilin band. In this study, lines that contained high maximum force and the lower ratio of minimum force to maximum force showed the absence of the friabilin band. Identification of friabilin, which is the product of a major gene, could be applied in the screening procedures of kernel hardness. The single kernel analysis system for friabilin was found to be an easy, simple and effective screening method for early generation materials in a wheat breeding program for quality improvement.