• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1711-1714
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the effect of Withaferin A on A549 cellular proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: NSCLC cell line A549 was selected to explore the effect of Withaferin A on A549 cellular proliferation, apoptosis and the PI3K/Akt signal pathway capable of regulating tumor biological behavior by assessment of cellular proliferation, cellular apoptotic rates and cellular cycling as well as by immuno-blotting. Results: Withaferin A could inhibit A549 cellular proliferation and the control rate was dosage-dependent (P<0.05), which also increased time-dependently with the same dosage of Withaferin A (P<0.05). The apoptotic indexes in A549 cells treated with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Withaferin A for 48 h were significantly different (P<0.05). In addition, the apoptotic rates of each group in both early and advanced stages were higher than those in 0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (P<0.05), which were evidently higher after 48 h than those after 24 h (P<0.05). A549 cells treated by Withaferin A for 48 h were markedly lower in Bcl-2 level and obviously higher in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels than those treated by 0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Withaferin A (P<0.05), and there were significant differences among 5, 10 and 20 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Withaferin A (P<0.05). The ratios of A549 cells treated by Withaferin A for 48 h in G0/G1 stage were higher than those in 0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$, while those in S and G2/M stages were obviously lower than those in G2/M stage, and there were significant differences in 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Withaferin A (P<0.05). Additionally, p-Akt/Akt values were in reverse association with dosage, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Withaferin A can inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 cells by suppressing activation of the PI3K/Akt pathways.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2008

Immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation is routinely used to prevent rejection of the organ, because this decreases the risk of adverse events, infection, and malignancies. Recently, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is isolated from the dried bile of adult Chinese bears, has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of acute rejection of liver allograft during early phase of liver transplantation. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of UDCA on the proliferation of splenocytes exposed to PMA plus ionomycin. Our results demonstrated that UDCA decreased the splenocytes' proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The decreased cell proliferation was accompanied with the decreased secretion of cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$. In addition, the pretreatment of UDCA on splenocytes stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin decreased the mRNA levels of cytokines (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$) and costimulatory molecules (B7.2 and PD-L1). These results suggest the beneficial effect of UDCA on organ transplantation by decreasing lymphocyte proliferation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the fibrin adhesive (Beriplast$^{(R)}$) on healing of full-thickness wounds in the rat's hard palate. Twenty Spraque-Dawley strain white male rats, each weighing 250~300 gm were used. Creation of full-thickness wounds of $4{\times}4mm$ in size were performed on the hard palate. Beriplast$^{(R)}$, a wound dressing material, was applied immediately in the experimental group, but not applied in the control group. All wounds were protected with palatal resin splints. The animals were sacrificed on the 2nd, 4th, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after the operation for macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Results obtained were as follows ; 1. On the 7th day after the operation, epithelial proliferation was greater in the experimental group than that in the control group. 2. The inflammatory reaction of the experimental group was less than the control group on the 2nd and 4th day after the operation. Beriplast was resorbed on the 7th day after the operation. 3. In the control group, the epithelial proliferation occurred from the 7th to the 14th day after the operation, and in the experimental group, epithelial proliferation occurred from the 4th day after the operation. 4. On the 14th and 28th day after the operation, there was no prominent difference between the two groups in histological findings. These results suggest that the use of fibrin adhesive (Beriplast$^{(R)}$) as a palatal wound dressing results in greater epithelial proliferation and less inflammation in the early stage of wound healing.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.142-147
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• 2008

This study was purpose to investigate that Gucheokbogol-tang(GBT), mainly used in osteoporosis, has possible regulatory effect on bone regeneration by operating in proliferation and calcification of osteoblast. So that, their cytotoxicity and proliferation was investigated with MTT by ELISA, and morphological change was observed by optical microscope and electron microscope. And activation of alkaline phosphates(ALP) which is secreted in early stage of bone formation was measured, and accumulation of $Ca^{2+}$ in the process of calcification was investigated by alizaline red S assay(ARS). The results were as follows: The MG-63 cell, originated from human cell was activated in $10^{-5}$ treated group, and the level of ALP was also increased in the treated group, highest on the third day. And from the outcome of ARS assay of calcification process in the Gucheokbogol-tang(GBT) treated group for 21days. These results suggested that Gucheokbogol-tang(GBT) is effective in proliferation and calcification of osteoblast.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2007

Acute septic shock is one of inflammatory diseases mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$. In this study, we examined the pathological difference and mechanism of lipopolysaccharides isolated from E. coli (E-LPS) or S. abortus (S-LPS) on inducing acute septic shock in ICR mouse. All mice were died by intraperitoneal treatment of S-LPS with 0.75 mg/kg, whereas E-LPS treated with even 3 mg/kg only showed 30% of mice lethal, indicating that S-LPS may be more feasible in triggering a strong septic shock condition. The secretion pattern of TNF-${\alpha}$, a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine in septic shock condition, was also distinct between E-LPS- and S-LPS-treated groups. Thus, S-LPS strikingly increased serum level of TNF-${\alpha}$ (6 ng/ml) at 1 h, while E-LPS just displayed at 2 ng/ml level. However the interaction of S-LPS with LPS receptor toll like receptor (TLR)-4, was not stronger than that of E-LPS, according to experiments with macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. Thus, E-LPS rather than S-LPS strongly enhanced the production of TNF-${\alpha}$. Interestingly, S-LPS more strongly up-regulated splenocyte proliferation, compared to E-LPS group, whereas there was no difference between S- or E-LPS treated groups in proliferation of Balb/c- or C57BL/6-originated splenic lymphocytes. Therefore, our data suggest that S-LPS is a more active endotoxin and that the strong septic shock-inducing effect of S-LPS seems due to the enhancement of early TNF-${\alpha}$ production and S-LPS-sensitive lymphocyte proliferation.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2012

The early osseointegration of titanium (Ti) dental implants is related to the initial cell morphology. The morphology of the cells (mesenchymal stem cells, MSC) was observed on three different Ti disc surfaces, which were mechanically treated by polishing, blasting, and scratching. A non-directional surface (isotropic texture) was obtained by the blasting of HA grits on cp-Ti discs, and a unidirectional surface (anisotropic texture) was obtained by the scratching of SiC papers. The cell attachment and arrangement in the initial periods were quite similar, but those in the later periods were significantly affected by the texture of the cp-Ti discs. After 1 week, the blasted Ti discs showed non-directional arrangement or spreading of the cells, whereas the scratched cp-Ti discs showed unidirectional properties parallel to the direction of the scratched grooves on the surface. The surface roughness of the cp-Ti discs significantly affects cell proliferation. Cell proliferation on the blasted and scratched surfaces was about 60% and 40% higher compared to the control result (polishing group) after 1 week (P<0.05). Cell proliferation on the blasted and scratched surfaces after 1 week was slightly enhanced with increasing surface roughness. It is believed that the direction of cell attachment and arrangement is closely related to the surface texture of the substrate surfaces, but cell proliferation after a relatively long period of time is directly enhanced by the surface roughness, not by the surface texture.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 1989

A general effect for cell proliferation has been incorporated into Roesch's survival equation (Accumulation Model). From this an isoeffect formula for the low dose-rate regimen is obtained. The prediction for total doses equivalent to 60Gy delivered at the constant dose-rate over 7 days agrees well with the dose-time data of Paterson and of Green, when the parameter ratio A/B (${\approx}{\alpha{\mu}}/2{\beta}\;where\;{\mu}$ is the repair rate) is chosen to be 0.7Gy/h. When a constant proliferation rate and known facts of division delay are assumed, an isoeffect relation between low dose-rate treatment and acute dose-rate treatment can be derived. This formula in the regimens where proliferation is negligible predicts exactly the data of Ellis that 8 fractions of 5 Gy/day for 7 days are equivalent to continuously applied 60Gy over 7days, provided the A/B ratio is 0.7 Gy/h and the $\alpha/\beta$ ratio is 4Gy. Overall agreement between the clinical data and the predictions made by the formula at the above parameter values suggests that the biologcal end points used as the tolerance level in the studies by Paterson, Green, and Ellis all agree and they are not entirely the early effects as generally assumed. The absence of dose-rate effects observed in the mouse KHT sarcoma can better be explained in terms of a large value for the A/B ratio. Similarly, the same total dose used independently of the dose-rate to treat head and neck tumors by Pierquin can be justified.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to know the effects of foliar applicated bio-enzyme on the early growth of cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Bio-enzyme was manufactured by the culture and proliferation of Bacillus genus and foliar applicated by the concentration of 0.075, 0.15, 0.3 g.$\ell$-1. Foliar application of bio-enzyme had great influenced to the early growth both cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Optimum concentrations of bio-enzyme applicated for the growth of plant height were determined as of 0.075 g.$\ell$-1 in cucumber but in red pepper seedlings 0.15g.$\ell$-1 was more favored. However, foliar application of 0.15g.$\ell$-1 of bio-enzyme was recommended for both cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Especially, leaf area and total dry weight which are main indices of good seedling were highest in the plot of standard concentrations(0.15g.$\ell$-1)of bio-enzyme.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.344-350
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• 1996

Purpose : Noninvasive imaging of tumor cell proliferation could be helpful in the evaluation of tumor growth potential and could provide an early assessment of treatment response. Radiolabeled thymidine, uridine and adenosine have been used to evaluate tumor cell proliferation. These nucleoside analogs are incorporated into DNA during proliferation. Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine, an analog of Iodine-131-Iododeoxyuridine, is also involved in DNA/RNA synthesis. The purpose of this study was to develop Iodine-131-Iodomethylurdine and image tumor proliferation using Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine. Materials and Methods : Radiosynthesis of Iodine-131-5-Iodo-2'-O-methyluridine (Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine) was prepared from 10 mg of 2'-O-methyluridine(Sigma chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri) and 2.1 mCi(SP. 10Ci/mg) of Iodine-131-labeled sodium iodide in $100{\mu}l$ of water using iodogen reaction. Female Fischer 344 rats were inoculated in the thigh area with breast tumor cells(13765 NF, $10^5$ cells/rat S.C.). After 14 days, the Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine $10{\mu}Ci$ was injected to three groups of rats(3/group). The percent of injected dose per gram of tissue weight was determined at 0.5-hours, 2-hours, 4-hours, and 24-hours respectively. Tumor bearing rats after receiving Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine($50{\mu}Ci$ IV) were euthanized at 2 hours after injection. Autoradiography was done using freeze-dried $50{\mu}m$ coronal section. After injection of Iodine-131- Iodomethyluridine ($10{\mu}Ci$/rat, IV) in three breast tumor-bearing rats, planar scintigraphy was taken at 45 minutes, 90 minutes and 24 hours. Results : Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine was conveniently synthesized using iodogen reaction. The biodistribution showed fast blood clearance and the tumor-to-tissue uptake ratios showed that optimal imaging time was at 2 hours postinjection. Autoradiogram and planar scintigram indicated that tumor could be well visualized. Conclusion : The findings suggest that Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine, a new radio-iodinated nucleoside, has potential use for evaluation of active regions of tumor growth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2291-2295
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• 2014

Although nucleolar protein nucleostemin (NS) is essential for cell proliferation and early embryogenesis and expression has been observed in some types of human cancer and stem cells, the molecular mechanisms involved in mediation of cell proliferation and cell cycling remains largely elusive. The aim of the present study was to evaluate NS as a potential target for gene therapy of human breast carcinoma by investigating NS gene expression and its effects on SKBR-3 cell proliferation and apoptosis. NS mRNA and protein were both found to be highly expressed in all detected cancer cell lines. The apoptotic rate of the pcDNA3.1-NS-Silencer group ($12.1-15.4{\pm}3.8%$) was significantly higher than those of pcDNA3.1-NS ($7.2-12.0{\pm}1.7%$) and non-transfection groups ($4.1-6.5{\pm}1.8%$, P<0.01). MTT assays showed the knockdown of NS expression reduced the proliferation rate of SKBR-3 cells significantly. Matrigel invasion and wound healing assays indicated that the number of invading cells was significantly decreased in the pcDNA3.1-NS-siRNA group (P<0.01), but there were no significant difference between non-transfected and over-expression groups (P>0.05). Moreover, RNAi-mediated NS down-regulation induced SKBR-3 cell G1 phase arrest, inhibited cell proliferation, and promoted p53 pathway-mediated cell apoptosis in SKBR-3 cells. NS might thus be an important regulator in the G2/M check point of cell cycle, blocking SKBR-3 cell progression through the G1/S phase. On the whole, these results suggest NS might be a tumor suppressor and important therapeutic target in human cancers.