• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2002

This study was carried out to determine the blood and milk progesterone by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) in cows. MUN and protein concentration were determined using automated infared procedures. The optimum conditions of ELISA system was investigated including the first and second antibody titres, bound percent, and enzyme conjugate and also the factors on MUN and protein concentration by sampling procedures and addition of preservatives. Progesterone antibodies did not react to pregnenlone, testosterone, estrone, estradiol-l7$\beta$, aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone and 11$\alpha$-dehydroxycortisone (DOC), but reacted with only progesterone. The intra and inter-assay coefficient of variation 4.5%, 6.1~9.4% when used of bovine serum. The morning, MUN concentration (17.6$\pm$2.8 mg/100 ml) in the 13 herds was similar to that of evening MUN concentration of the lactating cows from the same herd. A significant relationship between morning and evening milk samples of upper parameters was found r=0.93. Difference in MUN concentration with sampling procedures and using of preservatives were investigated.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.539-545
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• 1993

This study was carried out the determine the progesterone concentration for serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in bovine adult at estrous, pregnant, after patuation and male, female calves of 1 month old, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The assay has a sesitivity of $0.1ng/m{\ell}$. 2. Intra and inter-assay coefficient of variation were 4.5%, 6.1~9.4% when used for the determination of progesterone in samples of bovine serum. 3. The percentages of recovery for progesterone added were between 88.0 to 88.9%. 4. Progesterone concentration of adult bovine serum at estrus, pregnant and after 1 day of parturition were $0.37{\pm}0.16$, $7.1{\pm}1.0$, $0.13{\pm}0.02ng/m{\ell}$, respectively. 5. There was no differences in serum progesterone concentration of calves both male($0.16{\pm}0.03ng/m{\ell}$) and female($0.15{\pm}0.04ng/m{\ell}$) on 1 month old. From these results, progesterone determination by ELISA is very applicable to detect of early pregnancy diagnosis, factorial analysis of reproductive disorder, and also reproductive physiological functions such as veterinary therapeutic measures and monitoring of cyclicity.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 1996

Previous studies have shown that glucocorticoid suppresses microsomal epoxide hydrolase(EH) gene expression and that EH expression is altered during pregnancy. The effects of progesterone on the expression of rat EH and certain glutathione S-transferase(GST) genes were examined in this study. Northern RNA blot analysis revealed that progesterone was effective in increasing hepatic EH mRNA levels at 12 h to 48 h after treatment with a maximal 9-fold increase being noted at 12 h time point. Nonetheless, multiple daily treatment with progesterone rather caused minimal relative increases in EH mRNA levels. GST Ya and Yb1/2 mRNA levels were also transiently elevated at 12 h after progesterone treatment, followed by gradual decreases from the maximal Increases at day 1, 2 and 5 post-treatment. These changes in EH and GST mRNA levels were noted only at a relatively high dose of progesterone. Furthermore, immunoblot analyses showed that rats treated with progesterone for 5 days failed to show EH or GST induction, indicating that progesterone-induced alterations in EH and GST mRNA levels do not reflect bona fide induction of the detoxifying enzymes. Concomitant progesterone treatment of rats with the known EH inducers including ketoconazole and clotrimazole failed to additively nor antagonistically alter EH mRNA levels. In contrast, dexamethasone substantially reduced ketoconazole- or clotrimazole-inducible EH expression. These results showed that progesterone stimulates the EH, GST Ya and Yb1/2 gene expression at early times followed by marked reduction in the RNA levels from the maximum after multiple treatment and that the changes in mRNA do not necessarily reflect induction of the proteins.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.115-133
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• 1995

In the Oriental Western Consideration of Habitual Abortion, the result of this study is summarized as follows: 1. Habitual abortion means repetition of Tatae(abortion within 3 months), Sosan(abortion after 3 months), and Bansan(abortion after 5 months), as it agrees with Hoaltae, Sutatae and Nuing-Nuta in oriental medical science. 2. Frequency in Occurrence of habitual abortion is about 0.2-0.4%> in the whole pregnancy and the Ratio of Risk increases according to frequency and age increase. 3. Generally, the cause of habitual abortion is due to the cause of the mother. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of before-childbirth are needed, and 'measures taken to prevent abortion' is in use to improve the condition of health of before-childbirth in oriental medical science. 4. The 50-60% of early abortion is due to the heterochromosome and the ratio of risk of habirual abortion is hightest in heterochromosome. 5. The causes of habitual abortion are summarized as vital energe and blood weakness. impairment of Chong and Ren, aflection by exopathogen, fever caused by blood deficiency. weakness of the spleen and the stomach, excess of seven emotion. excess of a sexual desire and injury of a contusion and also the treatments are summarized as invigorating qi (vital energy) and enriching the blood, reducing fever and enriching the blood, reinforcing the spleen, tonifying the Chong and Ren, the practice of a sceticism, psychological peace in oriental medical science. 6. The approch of modem oriental medical science is based on diagnosis and treatment based on 'over all analysis of symptoms and signs' of traditional oriental medical science. it goes abreast with diagnosis of western medical science, and it can be expected mare inclusive effect of treatment because 'Acupuncture for prevent abortion', 'Acupuncture with the needle warmed by burning moxa', and so on being developed except medicinal therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 1996

Mycoplasmas have long been suspected of contributing to involuntary infertility in couples. However considerable disagreement exits concerning the role of genital mycoplasma infection in human infertility. Several investigators have noted abnormalities in the semen analysis of men with positive mycoplasma cultures, and early epidemiologic studies indicated that Ureaplasma urealyticum was linked to human reproductive failure on the basis of higher frequencies of isolation from infertile versus fertile couples and successful pregnancies in infertile couples after doxycycline therapy. However, subsequent investigators have questioned these findings because there are many studies in which treatment for mycoplasma in the male or female did not demonstrate an improved pregnancy rate, and semen samples from unexplained infertile men containing ureaplasmas have not revealed poorer motility, fewer spermatozoa and more aberrant forms. The objective of this study were to investigate the incidence rate of mycoplasma in semen and to investigate whether the presence of mycoplasma in semen makes significant difference to the semen volume, sperm motility and sperm counts. The results were that the rate of isolation of mycoplasma species was 70.3%. Semen volume is $2.84{\pm}1.01ml$ for culture negative and $3.15{\pm}1.42ml$ for culture positive group. Sperm motility is $46.23{\pm}15.80%$ for culture negative and $50.09{\pm}15.69%$ for culture positive group, and sperm count is $95.47{\pm}47.14({\times}(P)10^6/ml)$ for culture negative and $86.73{\pm}47.59({\times}10^6/ml)$ for culture positive group. In conclusion, we suggest that the presence of mycoplasma in semen makes no significant differences to the sperm parameters.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1986

본 연구는 한개의 뇌하수체를 이식시켜 과배란된 미성숙 흰쥐에서 혈중 progesterone과 estradiol-17${\beta}$ 의 수준 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 시도되었다. 30일령 숫컷 휜쥐에서 뇌하수체를 제거하기 15일 전에 고환을 제거시켰으며 고환이 제거된 쥐에서 얻은 한개의 뇌하수체를 실험 시작일(임신 3일전 : D-2) 오전 7시에서 10시사이에 28일령의 암컷 흰쥐의 우측 신장 피막 아래 이식시켰다. 대조군은 같은날 오전 10시에 4 IU PMSG 를 투여하였다. 실험에 사용된 쥐들은 혈중 호르몬 수준을 측정하기 위하여 임신 3일전, 2일전, 1일전, 임신 1일, 2일, 3일 및 5일에 희생시켜 채혈하였다. 임신 1일에는 교배후 estrogen의 과량분비를 차단하기 위하여 난소를 제거한 후 난소 호르몬을 투여하고 임신 8일에는 착상 상태를 조사하였다. 혈중 progesteron과 estradiol-17${\beta}$ 수준은 gamma counter(Packard)로 계측하였다. 본 실험에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 난소를 제거하고 progesterone과 estradiol-17${\beta}$를 투여한 과배란된 흰쥐는 난소를 제거하지 않고 과배란된 흰쥐나 대조군에 비하여 효과적인 착상율을 보이지 않았다(P<0.001). 2. 과배란된 흰쥐에서 혈중 progesterone 수준은 대조군에 비해 교배후 계속적으로 높은 상승을 보였으나 교배전 수준은 대조군에 비해 낮았다(P<0.001). 3. 과배란된 흰쥐에서 혈중 estradiol-17${\beta}$ 수준은 과배란 2일전부터 임신 1일까지 아주 높은 상태를 유지하였으며 임신 1일전(발정전기)에는 638${\pm}$134 pg/ml 으로 절정을 나타내었으나 임신 1일 이후 부터는 급격히 감소하여 임신 5일에는 10pg/ml이하로 떨어졌다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

Endometrial cancer (EC) in young women tends to be early-stage and low-grade; therefore, such cases have good prognoses. Fertility-sparing treatment with progestin is a potential alternative to definitive treatment (i.e., total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic washing, and/or lymphadenectomy) for selected patients. However, no evidence-based consensus or guidelines yet exist, and this topic is subject to much debate. Generally, the ideal candidates for fertility-sparing treatment have been suggested to be young women with grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma confined to the endometrium. Magnetic resonance imaging should be performed to rule out myometrial invasion and extrauterine disease before initiating fertility-sparing treatment. Although various fertility-sparing treatment methods exist, including the levonorgestrel-intrauterine system, metformin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, photodynamic therapy, and hysteroscopic resection, the most common method is high-dose oral progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate at 500-600 mg daily or megestrol acetate at 160 mg daily). During treatment, re-evaluation of the endometrium with dilation and curettage at 3 months is recommended. Although no consensus exists regarding the ideal duration of maintenance treatment after achieving regression, it is reasonable to consider maintaining the progestin therapy until pregnancy with individualization. According to the literature, the ovarian stimulation drugs used for fertility treatments appear safe. Hysterectomy should be performed after childbearing, and hysterectomy without oophorectomy can also be considered for young women. The available evidence suggests that fertility-sparing treatment is effective and does not appear to worsen the prognosis. If an eligible patient strongly desires fertility despite the risk of recurrence, the clinician should consider fertility-sparing treatment with close follow-up.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children. Methods: Prenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T3, and free T4) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations. Results: The associations between prenatal BPA and total T3 levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T4 levels (-1.94%; 95% confidence interval, -3.82 to -0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only. Conclusions: Our findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T3 levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T4 levels in girls only.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2020

소아 고관절 이형성증은 비구 또는 근위 대퇴골, 혹은 양쪽 모두를 포함하는 고관절의 부적절한 발달을 지칭하는 광범위한 개념이다. 초음파적 검사로 영아기의 고관절 탈구 진단이 간과되거나 수술적인 치료가 필요한 경우는 감소하고 있으나 모든 고관절 이형성증을 찾아내지는 못하고 있다. 아탈구가 없는 고관절 이형성증은 우연히 진단되며, 40대 이후 여자에서 퇴행성 관절염과 강한 연관성을 가진다. 아탈구를 동반한 고관절 이형성증은 아탈구의 정도에 따라 증상이 다양한 시기에 걸쳐 나타나며, 특히 여성에서 임신 중 발현되는 경우가 많다. 신생아에 대한 정확한 이학적 검사와 조기 치료는 이 질환의 양호한 결과를 위해 매우 중요하다. 진단의 간과를 막고 조기 치료의 기회를 제공하기 위해 저자는 고관절 이형성증이 의심스러운 2세 이하 영아 모두에게 고관절 검사를 추천한다. 본 연구에서는 고관절 이형성증의 진단 및 초기 치료에 대해 고찰해 보고자 한다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2023

Because multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) in cattle includes several benefits such as wide spreading of genetically superior offspring for long distance, this biotechnological method has been widely applied to Hanwoo. When the recipients are not stayed close after embryo recovery from donor, the embryos are moved to other farms via several vehicles (car, train, and airplane). However, air travel induces lesser oxygen level, increased vibration, lower air pressure, higher noise, and increased exposure of cosmic radiation to living things than ground level. It was still unknown that fresh embryos obtained from multiple ovulation of Hanwoo could maintain their fertility after being transported via air plane, the present case report introduced a clinical case of MOET in Hanwoo after shipping fresh embryos via air transportation. The donor was multi-ovulated via follicle-stimulating hormone series of injection, which was followed by a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone injection and artificial insemination twice. The embryos were recovered by the uterine flushing, packed in ministraws, transported to recipients for 6 h including 1 h air flight, and then transferred to the synchronized recipients. During pregnancy diagnosis of early gestation period, 5 of 7 recipients (71.4%) presented no heat signs and showed fetal sacs with fluid under transrectal ultrasonography. After normal gestation period, all recipients naturally delivered healthy calves (male n = 2 and female n = 3) without abortion, stillbirth, and premature birth. The present case report indicated that transportation of fresh embryos for MOET via domestic flight in Korea did not affect to their fertility.