• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2018

The plant morphological and chromosome characteristics of 'Bonanza', 'Coral Candy' and 'Purple Crystal', a formolongi-Asiatic (FA) interspecific hybrid species bred at the National Institute of Horticultural Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), were investigated in this study. The flowering time of these species were found to have some variation. 'Bonanza' flowers in the middle to late June (medium-late maturing cultivar), 'Coral Candy' in the mid of June (medium maturing cultivar), and 'Purple Crystal' was observed to be in early June (early maturing cultivar). The flowering direction of all three cultivars are upward facing flowers and having a weak fragrance. The height of the plants was recorded in the range between 101.0 cm ('Purple Crystal') to 142.3 cm ('Bonanza'), thus they are able to develop cut flowers with excellent stem elongation. Flower diameters of 'Bonanza' (17.1 cm) and 'Coral Candy' (16.9 cm) were classified to be large sized flowers. On the other hand, 'Purple Crystal' had a narrow flower diameter (12.3 cm) with an outer petal width of more than 4.0 cm. Leaf length was observed for 'Bonanza' (15.7 cm), 'Coral Candy' (19.7 cm), and 'Purple Crystal' (11.1 cm). Chromosome analysis was done using FISH technique. Results revealed that all three cultivars were observed as triploids (2n=3x=36). FISH analysis also showed 5S/45S rDNA of 'Bonanza', 'Coral Candy' and 'Purple Crystal' as 4/11 loci, 4/12 loci, and 4/11 loci, respectively. The results of the FISH analysis are useful as markers to distinguish cultivars, since the patterns of rDNA observed on the remaining chromosomes are significantly different except FISH patterns of chromosome #3.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different sowing dates and cultivars on the forage yield and quality of winter rye (Secale cereale L.). The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two sowing dates such as early (15 September) and late (30 September). The subplots consisted of rye cultivars of five different maturity groups such as 'Kodiak' (Late), 'Koolgrazer' (Early), 'Danko' (Late), 'Homil22' (Medium) and 'Olhomi1' (Early). Dry matter (DM) content at early sowing (19.7%) was higher than those at late sowing (17.8%), while crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents at early sowing (16.6% and 61.6%) were lower than those at late sowing (16.8% and 63.1%). Although DM content of early maturing cultivars (Koolgrazer and Olhomi1) was higher than the other cultivars, CP and TDN contents of those were lower compared to other cultivars. The contents of fiber components (ADF, NDF and cellulose) at early sowing were higher than those at late sowing, while ADL and hemicellulose at early sowing were lower than those at late sowing. ADF and cellulose of early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the other cultivars, while ADL and hemicellulose of Danko were higher than that of the other cultivars. DM, CP, In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and TDN yields at early sowing were higher than those at late sowing, and early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the other cultivars. Results of this study indicate that forage production technology in combination with early sowing and use of early maturing rye cultivar could enhance both production and quality of rye.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 2012

The vegetable perilla is proved to be a late-maturing plant that flowers at the early of Oct. regardless of sowing time, so that the sowing time for seed production should be decided under consideration of maturity before beginning of frost. This experiment was carried out to determine the sowing date for seed production at greenhouse on late-maturing perilla cultivar, 'Ipdlkkae 1' in the middle region of Korea. The sowing dates were 8 times from May 6 to July 15 with an intervals of 10 days. As sowing date was delayed, the stem height, no. of nodes, no. of branches, no. of cluster per plant and no. of capsules per cluster were decreased. But as sowing was early, the lodging was occurred because of heavier growing. Days to flowering was linearly decreased about 0.86 day as affected by a day's delayed. But days from flowering to maturing was not significantly affected by sowing date. The grain yield was not significantly different among sowing from May 6 to June 15 and rapidly decreased the sowing after June 25 because of the reductions of no. of cluster and percent of ripened grain. Considering accumulative temperature, lodging, germination rate and grain yield, it is suggested that the sowing for seed production in late-maturing perilla cultivar should be finish before June 15 (transplanted at July 15) at greenhouse in the middle region of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2015

This study was conducted to know the variation and relationship of rice grain quality and starch pasting properties by transplanting times. Two early maturing rice cultivars which accounted for the most area of early maturing rice cultivar in Chungnam province were used. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plot consisted of three transplanting times viz. early (April 25), ordinary (May 25) and late (June 25) with sub-plots containing two cultivars. According to the transplanting times, most of rice grain quality and starch pasting properties showed significant difference and Joami showed higher grain quality than Unkwang in all transplanting times. Especially, rice grain quality was improved when transplanted late, showing high head rice and glossiness of cooked rice due to the lower mean temperature during grain filling stage. Glossiness of cooked rice was positively correlated with head rice ratio, amylose content and setback value, and negatively correlated with chalky rice ratio and protein content. The highest positive and negative correlation were observed between breakdown value and peak viscosity ($r=0.98^{**}$), and breakdown and setback ($r=-0.94^{**}$), respectively. These results provide some information for rice researchers and producers producing cultivars with an improved quality, suggesting that rice quality is highly influenced by temperature at grain filling stage, and transplanting times is crucial in improving rice quality. In addition, starch pasting properties are useful for determining rice quality because rice grain quality and starch pasting properties are dependent on each other.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and forage production of Italian ryegrass cultivars at three locations (Gurae, Sungju and Cheonan) from 2013 to 2014. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with three replications. The seven cultivars used in this experiment were 'Korwinearly', 'Florida80', 'YounbongI', 'YounbongII', 'YounbongIII', 'KeimyungI' and 'KeimyungII' varieties. Italian ryegrass varieties were seeded on October 4 at Gurae, October 8 at Seongju and October 3 at Cheonan in 2013. The Italian ryegrass varieties were harvested on April 26 at Gurae and Seongju, and on April 24 at Cheonan in 2014. Although the seven cultivars had resistance to foliar diseases and insects and high winter survival, they has little lodging resistance. The heading dates for 'Younbong I', 'Younbong II' and 'Keimyung I' were earlier than for other varieties at the three locations. Dry matter (DM) content and plant height in the early maturing cultivars were higher than in other cultivars at the three locations. The fresh and DM yields of the early maturing cultivars were also higher than others at the three locations. The results of this experiment indicate that the heading date for early maturing cultivars is earlier, and the plant height is higher than for other cultivars. Early maturing cultivars had higher DM content as well as fresh and DM yields of Italian ryegrass. Therefore, early maturing cultivars should be recommended as high-yield forage in double-cropping systems because of their superior production of forage and early heading date.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.290-291
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1997

To find out the optimum fertilizer level for onion, early maturing cultivar Fechongjoseng, experiment with four fertilizer levels was conducted of the field of the paddy and upland in Muan and Changyeong from Sep.1993 to Feb.1995. The yield character of onion was higher and rate of the rottenness was lowest under the treatment of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=28-9.5-23Kg/10a in the soil of paddy and upland field of Muan area. But the onion yield was excellent and rate of the rottenness was lowest under the treatments, $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=21-19-17.3Kg/10a, in the soil of paddy field and $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=28-9.5-23Kg/10a, in the soil of upland field of Changyeong area.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2008

To make of basic date for the progressive global brand of Korean rice, we compared with characteristics of Calrose and two Korean rice cultivar, Chucheongbyeo(medium-late maturing cultivar) and Odaebyeo(early-maturing cultivar). General characteristics of rice, pasting property of rice flour by Rapid visco Analyser, determination of optimal ratio of water to rice for cooking by electric and pressure cooker and eating quality(sensory evaluation) of Calrose with that of Korean rice cooked at the optimal cooking conditions were measured. One kernel length of Calrose, Chucheongbyeo and Odaebyeo were 6.00, 4.73 and 5.22 mm, respectively. Calrose showed higher viscosity(195 RVU) in all parameters than Korean rices(Chucheongbyeo 176 RVU, Odaebyeo 178 RVU), of which the values were similar. These data imply that the properties of starch of Calrose may be different from that of Korean rice. In general, it is agreed, in Korea and Japan, that the balance of hardness and stickiness of cooked rice is very important. However, stickiness and overall eating quality for cooked Calrose was significantly poorer than Korean rices. Cooked Calrose did not significantly different in hardness, stickiness and overall eating quality compared with those of Korean rices. Calrose cooked with the ratio of water to rice of 1.4 with electric cooker was less sticky than Korean rices and thus was poorer in eating quality compared with Korean counterparts. Calrose cooked with the ratio of water to rice of 1.3 with pressure cooker had the same eating quality with Korean rices.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of harvesting date on the forage yield and quality of different rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two harvesting dates 20th and 30th April. The subplots consisted of five rye cultivars from different maturity groups such as 'Kodiak (Late)'. 'Koolgrazer (Early)', 'Danko (Late)', 'Homil22 (Medium)' and 'Olhomil (Early)' Dry matter (DM) contents of 17.8% at early harvesting were lower 2.2% than at late harvesting. But crude protein (CP) of 18.9% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of 65.5% at early harvesting were higher 2.3% and 3.0% than those at late harvesting, respectively. There were significant differences in DM, CP and TDN contents among the rye cultivars tested (p<0.05). The contents of fiber components at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and hemicellulose contents at early harvesting was higher than that at late harvesting. The fiber component of early maturing cultivars such as 'Koolgrazer' and 'Olhomil' were higher than those of the others. Dry matter, CP, in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and TDN yields at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and the yield of early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the others. In this study, the results of this study indicate that forage production technology in combination with early maturing rye cultivar and late harvesting could enhance both production and quality of rye.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and forage productivity of Italian ryegrass cultivars in Yecheon, Kyeongbuk from 2011 to 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Italian ryegrass cultivars were seeded on Sep. 26 in 2011 and Sep. 25 in 2012. The Italian ryegrass cultivars were harvested on the heading date of the variety. The cold-resistance of domestic cultivars was stronger than other foreign varieties. Among early-maturing cultivars, the dry matter (DM) yield of the "Kowinearly" was 10,031 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than that of other cultivars (p<0.05). In medium-maturing cultivars, the DM yield of the "Kowinmaster" and "Tam 90" were 10,484 and 8,191 kg/ha, respectively. Of the two, the former's DM yield was higher than the latter's (p<0.05). Among late-maturing cultivars, the DM yield of "Hwasan 104" was 10,641 kg/ha, which was similar to that of "Hwasan 101" and significantly higher than the other late-maturing cultivars (p<0.05). According to the results obtained from this study, an early-maturing variety with cold-tolerance and high productivity is required for the paddy field cultivation of an Italian ryegrass cultivar after rice harvest in the mid-northern region of Korea. A medium- or late-maturing variety is more advantageous for the field cultivation of the maximum quantity that is possible. In conclusion, to select which variety/ies to grow, the climate of the growing area, weather conditions, and the cropping system must all be considered.