• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 1995

직접적인 근거를 제시하기는 힘드나 정신장애에서 자가면역적 요소가 병인적으로 중요하다는 단편적인 보고들이 있다. 특히 바이러스 감염은 정신장애를 유발하거나 나중에 정신장애에 대한 소지를 증가시킬 가능성이 높다. 저자들은 최근에 많은 관심을 끌고 있는 C형 간염 항체(이하 anti-HCV)의 양성율이 자가면역적 관점 및 수혈 외에도 성행위 또는 약물의 존자에서 많다는 전파경로상의 특정 때문에 정신과 환자에서 일반 인구군보다 높을 것으로 추정되어 이를 확인해 보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1992년 12월 초부터 1994년 5월 말까지 정신과에 입원한 환자 중에서 무작위로 효소면역측정법 (Abbott HCV EIA kit) 에 의해서 혈청내 anti-HCV를 검사하였으며, anti-HCV 양성 환자와 anti-HCV 음성인 환자를 구분하여 여러 변인별로 비교 분석하였다. 정신과 입원환자 113명중 12명(10.6%) 에서 anti-HCV 양성이었다. anti-HCV 양성자중 간기능검사상 이상이 있는 경우가 50.0% 로서 이중 83.0%는 주정 의존자였으며, 간기능검사상 정상인 환자의 83.3%는 비주정의존자였다. 정신과 진단별 anti-HCV 양성율은 주정의존 환자의 22.2%, 정신증 환자의 2.3% (주로 양극성장애), 신경증(불안장애, 적응장애)환자의 22.2%에서 anti-HCV 양성이 나타났다. 연령, 출생계절, 임파구(%), 간기능 등 변인에 대한 유의한 상관성은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론적으로 정신과 입원환자는 정상 대조군 (3.0%)에 비해 최소한 3.5배 이상 anti-HCV 양성율이 높으므로 (P<0.05), 이에 대한 주의를 환기시킬 필요가 있다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2009

심장이상증상의 상태에서 분비되는 심장혈관호르몬인 BNP의 혈중 농도측정은 심장기능부전환자의 진단에 유용하게 이용 되고 있다. 혈청 또는 혈장에서의 BNP 농도측정은 샌드위치형태의 면역학적 검정법을 이용할 수 있으며, 이때에 항 BNP 항체를 BNP 탐지 인자로 사용할 수 있다. 특히, 탐지 인자로의 사용을 위해서는 항원항체 반응부분을 링커로 연결하여 전체 항체에 비해서 경제적이며 효율 면에서도 뛰어난 scFv의 사용이 용이하다고 판단하였고, 이에 scFv의 취약점인 대장균에서의 불용성 형태의 발현을 최소화 시키고 기능적 발현을 극대화하여 심장질환 진단용 센서의 센서 칩 항체로 사용할 수 있도록 항 BNP scFv 항체의 발현을 대장균 세포질 내에서 유도 하였다. 대장균 세포질내에서의 scFv 제작을 위하여 항 BNP scFv 항체 유전자를 pColdⅣ 벡터와 pET22b (+)벡터에 각각 클로닝한 후 발현 하였으며, 그 결과 대량 생산의 장점이 있는 강력한 T7 promoter를 지닌 pET22b (+) 벡터를 이용하여 낮은 온도에서 단백질의 발현을 느리게 유도할 때 적절한 단백질 접힘 현상이 일어나 기능적인 scFv의 발현이 극대화됨을 확인하였다. 또한 IPTG의 투여에 있어서 그 농도가 높아지면 빠른 단백질 유전자의 전사를 도와 발현율이 증가하지만 과도한 농도의 IPTG 투여는 세포내의 독성을 일으켜 단백질의 생산을 저해할 수 있다는 결론에 도달하였으며, 연구를 통하여 개발한 항 BNP scFv 항체가 오직 BNP 항원과의 결합특이성을 가진다는 사실도 확인 가능 하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2014

본 연구는 골다공증 환자의 Digital 요추 측부 영상을 이용하여 질감특징의 통계적 분석으로 컴퓨터 보조진단 시스템 구현과 질병의 조기진단 및 치료를 위한 실험적인 모형 연구로 신뢰성 있는 보조적 진단 정보를 제공함으로써 골다공증에 대한 정확한 진단 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 정상인의 Digital 방사선 요추 측부 영상과 골다공증 환자의 Digital 방사선 요추 측부 영상을 실험 영상으로 하여 설정된 ROI에 대한 통계적 질감특징 값을 6가지 parameter로 나타냈다. 골다공증에 대한 질감특징분석 값 중 Average Gray Level에서 95%로 최고 높은 인식률을 나타내었고, Uniformity에서 80%로 가장 낮은 인식률을 나타내었다. 또한 Average Contrast에서 82.5%, Smoothness에서 90%, Skewness에서 87.5%, Entropy에서 87.5%를 나타내어 6가지 Parameter에서 모두 80%이상의 높은 인식률을 나타내 알고리즘의 안정성을 입증하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 토대로 의료영상의 컴퓨터자동진단 시스템으로 발전된 프로그램을 coding 한다면 의료영상의 병소부위 자동검출, 질병 진단을 위한 예비 진단자료, 질병의 확진을 위한 자료제공, 제한된 장비로도 진단 가능, 의료영상의 판독시간 단축에 유용하게 사용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2016

Objectives Haenyeo are Korean professional women breath-hold divers in Jeju island. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of depressed Haenyeo group, compared to non-Haenyeo depressed group. Methods This study included 75 Haenyeo and 340 non-Haenyeo with depressive disorders recruited from the Dementia Early Detection Program in Jeju island. Structural diagnostic interviews were performed using the Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. All patients completed the questionnaires, including the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ), the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the Blessed dementia scale. Depression was evaluated by the Korean version of short form the Geriatric Depression Scale (K-SGDS) and cognition was assessed by the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) assessment packet. Results Although the mean scores of the K-SGDS were similar between Haenyeo and non-Haenyeo depressed groups, the Haenyeo group showed a higher mean score on the PSQ-15 (p < 0.001, ANCOVA adjusting for age, the K-SGDS and education). The Haenyeo group showed poorer performance on the Korean Version of Frontal Assessment Batter (p < 0.001), the Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of the CERAD Assessment Packet (p < 0.018), the word fluency test (p < 0.001), and the word list memory test (p = 0.012) in ANCOVA adjusting for age and education. The mean SMCQ score was higher in the Haenyeo depressed group than in the non-Haenyeo depressed group. Conclusions The Haenyeo depressed group shows cognitive dysfunction, especially frontal lobe dysfunction, compared to the non-Haenyeo depressed group, indicating the Haenyeo depressed group may have more severe frontolimbic dysfunction due to chronic exposure to hypoxia. The Haenyeo depressed group suffers more somatic symptoms than the non-Haenyeo depressed group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $37.1^{\circ}C$ to $37.36^{\circ}C{\pm}0.91^{\circ}C$ to $1.02^{\circ}C$). STs are $1.39^{\circ}C$ to $1.65^{\circ}C$ lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ resulting in a much improved mean${\pm}$SD of $37.6^{\circ}C{\pm}0.64^{\circ}C$ or $37.8^{\circ}C{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10157-10164
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the State of Qatar. Due to low participation in breast cancer screening (BCS) activities, women in Qatar are often diagnosed with breast cancer at advanced stages of the disease. Findings indicate that low participation rates in BCS activities are significantly related to women's low level of awareness of breast cancer screening. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the factors that influence Qatari women's awareness of breast cancer and its screening activities: and (2) to find ways to effectively promote breast cancer screening activities among Arabic speaking women in Qatar. Materials and Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional quantitative survey of 1,063 (87.5% response rate) female Qatari citizens and non-Qatari Arabic-speaking residents, 35 years of age or older, was conducted in Qatar from March 2011 to July 2011. Outcome measures included participant awareness levels of the most recent national recommended guidelines of BCS, participation rates in BCS activities, and factors related to awareness of BCS activities. Results: While most participants (90.7%) were aware of breast cancer, less than half had awareness of BCS practices (28.9% were aware of breast self-examination and 41.8% of clinical breast exams, while 26.4% knew that mammography was recommended by national screening guidelines. Only 7.6% had knowledge of all three BCS activities). Regarding BCS practice, less than one-third practiced BCS appropriately (13.9% of participants performed breast self-examination (BSE) monthly, 31.3% had a clinical breast exam (CBE) once a year or once every two years, and 26.9% of women 40 years of age or older had a mammogram once every year or two years). Awareness of BCS was significantly related to BCS practice, education level, and receipt of information about breast cancer and/or BCS from a variety of sources, particularly doctors and the media. Conclusions: The low levels of participation rates in BCS among Arab women in this study indicate a strong need to increase awareness of the importance of breast cancer screening in Qatari women. Without this awareness, compliance with the most recent breast cancer screening recommendations in Qatar will remain low. An increased effort to implement mass media and public health campaigns regarding the impact of breast cancer on women's health and the benefits of early detection of breast cancer must be coupled with an enhanced participation of health care providers in delivering this message to Qatar population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10209-10215
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• 2015

To assess the contribution of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\beta}$ +252 polymorphisms to risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we enrolled 150 pairs of sex- and age-matched patients with HCC, patients with cirrhosis alone, and unrelated healthy controls. $TNF{\beta}$ +252 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate analysis indicated that $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype [odds ratio (OR), 3.64; 95%CI, 1.49-8.91], hepatitis B surface antigen (OR, 16.38; 95%CI, 8.30-32.33), and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) (OR, 39.11; 95%CI, 14.83-103.14) were independent risk factors for HCC. There was an additive interaction between $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HCV infection (synergy index=1.15). Multivariate analysis indicated that factors associated with $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype included cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (OR, 4.06; 95%CI, 1.34-12.29), thrombocytopenia (OR, 6.55; 95%CI, 1.46-29.43), and higher serum ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein concentration (OR, 2.53; 95%CI, 1.14-5.62). Patients with $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype had poor cumulative survival (p=0.005). Cox proportional hazard model indicated that $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype was a biomarker for poor HCC survival (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95%CI, 1.07-2.69). In conclusion, there are independent and additive effects between $TNF{\beta}$ G/G genotype and chronic HBV/HCV infection on risk for HCC. It is a biomarker for poor HCC survival. Carriage of this genotype correlates with disease severity and advanced hepatic fibrosis, which may contribute to a higher risk and poor survival of HCC. Chronic HBV/HCV infected subjects with this genotype should receive more intensive surveillance for early detection of HCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.9005-9008
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• 2014

Background: Gastric cancer is the second leading course of cancer death worldwide and H. pylori infection is an important risk factor for gastric cancer development. This study was design to evaluate the clinical, pathological features, survival rate and prevalence of H. pylori infection in gastric cancer in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Clinical information, histological features, endoscopic findings and H. pylori status were collected from gastric cancer patients from Thammasat university hospital during June 1996-December 2011. H. pylori infection was assessed by histological evaluation, rapid urease test and serological test. Clinical information, endoscopic findings and histopathology of all patients were recorded and compared between patients with active or non-active H. pylori infection. Results: A total of 100 gastric cancer patients (55 men and 45 women with mean age of $55{\pm}16.8years$) were enrolled in this study. Common presenting symptoms were dyspepsia (74%), weight loss (66%), anemia (63%) and anorexia (38%). Mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 98 days. Overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 83% and active H. pylori infection was 40%. 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 43% and 0%. There was no significant difference between active H. pylori infection in different locations (proximal vs non-proximal: 47.1% vs 48.5%; P-value = 0.9, OR=0.9; 95%CI=0.3-3.1) and histology of gastric cancer (diffuse type vs intestinal type: 47.4% vs 50%; P-value = 0.8, OR=0.9, 95%CI=0.3-2.7). However, linitis plastica was significantly more common in non-active than active H. pylori infection (27.9% vs 0%; P-value<0.0001, OR=13.3, 95%CI=3.2-64.5). Moreover, gastric cancer stage 4 was higher in non-active than active H. pylori infection (93% vs 50%, P-value<0.001). Conclusions: Prevalence of H. pylori infection in Thai gastric cancer patients was high but active infection was low. Most gastric cancer patients presented in advance stage and had a grave prognosis. Screening for gastric cancer in high risk individuals might be an appropriate tool for early detection and improve the treatment outcome for this particular disease in Thailand.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2016

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers. Due to demographic changes, it is predicted that the incidence of this cancer will increase. Variations of its incidence rate among geographical areas are due to various contributing factors. Since there have been a lack of studies on this topic in our country, the present assessment of spatial patterns of colorectal cancer incidence in Iran was performed. In this ecological study, the new cases of colon cancer were extracted from Cancer Registry Center report of the Health Deputy of Iran in 2009. The reported incidences of the disease were standardized on the basis of the World Health Organization population and the direct method. Then the data were inserted into the GIS software, and finally, using the analysis of hot spots (Getis-Ord Gi) high-risk areas were drawn. Provinces that are higher or lower than the national average (1.9 SD) were considered hot spots or cold spots, significant at the level of 0.05. A total of 6,210 cases of colorectal cancer were registered in Iran in 2009, of which 3,727 were in men and 2,783 in women (age-standardized rates of 11.3 and 10.9 per 100,000 population, respectively). The results showed that in central and northern Iran including Isfahan, Qom, Tehran, Qazvin and Mazandaran significant hot spots in men were present (p <0.05). In women also we have high incidence in northern and central states: Mazandaran province (p<0.01) and the province of Tehran (p<0.05) had higher incidences than the national average and were apparent as significant hot spots. Analysis of the spatial distribution of colorectal cancer showed significant differences between different areas pointing to the necessity for further epidemiological studies into the etiology and early detection.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2005

Background and Objectives: Minor salivary gland tumors vary in their primary sites, histopathology and biological behavior. Therefore, various factors are considered in selecting the treatment modality and predicting the prognosis. We performed this study for the purpose of getting further understanding and more supporting ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of minor salivary gland tumor. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the patients with 52 cases of minor salivary gland tumor who were treated at the Hanyang University Hospital from 1996 to 2003 was performed. We analyzed demography, symptoms, histopathology, treatment and outcomes by the review of medical records. Results: Among 52 cases of minor salivary gland tumor, 46% were classified as benign and 54% were classified as malignant tumors. The most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma. Adenoid cystic carcinoma(15/28) was the most common in malignant tumors. Eight patients were males and sixteen patients were females in benign tumors and 10 patients were males and 18 patients were females in malignant tumors. The most common site of benign tumor was the palate(17/22), whereas malignant tumors were most common in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus(9/28). Asymptomatic mass was the most common symptom. According to the criteria given by the AJCC on staging, stage III and IV(21/28) were more common than stage I and 11(7/28). All benign tumors were treated with simple excision and had no recurrence. In malignant tumors, 25 patients underwent radical excisional operation and 13 patients of them had postoperative radiation therapy. Three of them were treated with additional chemotherapy. In whom treated with radical operation, 9 patients had recurrence. Three were recurred at the primary site with neck node metastasis, 3 were recurred at the primary site with lung metastasis, 1 was recurred at the primary site with neck node and lung metastasis, 1 was recurred only at neck node. Conclusion: In minor salivary gland tumor, malignant was more common than benign. Malignant tumor originated from minor salivary gland were more frequently diagnosed at advanced stage with high recurrence rate and distant metastasis. Early detection of the disease is needed to improve the prognosis of the patients with malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands.