• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2501-2505
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• 2015

Purpose: The present study was carried out to measure knowledge level and behavior of family health personnel (FHP) in Izmir on early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancers. Materials and Methods: The study population of this cross-sectional study was not selected. A questionnaire was applied to all FHP to measure knowledge level and behavior about cancer. The participation rate was 88%. Breast examination, mammography analysis, Papanicolaou smear applications were determined as dependent variables, and knowledge level about breast and cervical cancer, age, professional time as FHP as independent variables. Data were evaluated using definitive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression tests in SPSS software package for Windows 15.0. Results: A total of 970 family health personnel participated in the research. The age range was 20-45 years (82.4%). Mean age was $37.9{\pm}7.4$. Response rate was 87.3%. Of the participants, 88.4% performed breast self-examination. Rate of performing mammography at least once was 24.1%. Rate of performing Pap-smear examination at least once was 61.0%. In logistic regression analyses, it was determined that people with knowledge on breast and cervical cancer were those performing breast self-examination, mammography and Pap-smear examinations (p<0.05. Conclusions: It is essential that the knowledge, behavior and manners of health providers on early diagnosis for cancer increases awareness in the general population and provides information on execution ofthe most effective methods for generating a healthy society.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.478-484
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• 2008

To elucidate the spawning behavior and early life history of Liobagrus mediadiposalis, mature male and female fish were collected from a branch of the Seomjin River. Spawning was induced by injecting hormones, and then the spawning process and development of fertilized eggs, larvae, and juveniles were observed. Observations of spawning behavior showed that the female established a territory and built a spawning nest, and frequently pressed on the upper ventral part of the male to release her eggs. When spawning was finished, the fish supplied fresh water to the egg mass using their pectoral and caudal fins. Hatching began 189 h 20 min after fertilization at $21.5-23.5^{\circ}C$ (mean $22.7^{\circ}C$). The mean total length (TL) of newly hatched larvae was 7.18-7.39 mm (mean 7.31 mm). Their mouth and anus were already open and they had 14+24=38 myotomes. Eighteen days after hatching, the larvae were 12.71-13.79 mm (mean 13.27 mm) in TL and the yolk sac was absorbed completely. At 35 days after hatching, when all the fin-rays had formed, the juveniles were 15.84-17.92 mm (mean 16.33 mm) in TL.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 2006

In this study of the relationship between moral judgment, moral emotions and moral behavior, 137 five-year-olds were interviewed to measure moral judgment and moral emotions. Their teachers measured children's moral behavior. Results showed that children judged moral and conventional rules by using the 4 criterion judgments of seriousness, rule contingency, generalizability and punishment. Children with highly felt moral emotions had higher scores in moral behavior. Moral judgment, moral emotions and moral behavior were highly interrelated. Children's moral behavior was related to rule contingency and generalizability. Their moral behavior was highly related to positive moral emotions. Positive moral emotions were related to the rule contingency and generalizability. Negative moral emotions were highly related to seriousness and punishment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.189-194
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• 2002

Many researches in the past have shown that a majority initial cracking in concrete are caused during early age period. Therefore, the close examination of early age concrete behavior under various stress conditions is necessary to fully understand the cracking mechanism of concrete. In this study early age cement paste specimen is axially strained up to 20% of its original length by laterally reinforcing it. This type of test is called "Tube Squash Test" and has been previously used to apply up to 50% axial strain on concrete. Microscopic analyses (XRD, FESEM, EDS and DSE/TG) are performed on 20% axially strained early age cement paste specimen. The analysis results show that the microscopic structures and material characteristics of 20% axially strained cement paste remained same as the unstrained cement paste.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2011

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops during childhood or adolescence in approximately 25% of patients with IBD. Recent studies on pediatric IBD have revealed that early-onset IBD has distinct phenotype differences compared to adult onset IBD. Pediatric early-onset IBD differs in many aspects including disease type, location of the lesions, disease behavior, gender preponderance and genetically attributable risks. This review examines the currently published data on the clinical, epidemiological and genetic differences between early-onset and adult-onset IBD. And finally, therapeutic considerations in the management of pediatric-onset IBD are also discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1277-1284
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• 2016

Background: Early detection is a critical part of reducing the burden of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) has been found to be an especially important early detection strategy in low and middle income countries such as Malaysia. Although reports indicate that Malaysian women report an increase in BSE activity in recent years, additional research is needed to explore factors that may help to increase this behavior among Southeastern Asian women. Objective: This study is the first of its kind to explore how the predicting variables of self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and body image factors correlate with self-reports of past BSE, and intention to conduct future breast self-exams among female students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Through the analysis of data collected from a prior study of female students from nine Malaysian universities (n=842), this study found that self-efficacy, perceived barriers and specific body image sub-constructs (MBSRQ-Appearance Scales) were correlated with, and at times predicted, both the likelihood of past BSE and the intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. Results: Self-efficacy (SE) positively predicted the likelihood of past self-exam behavior, and intention to conduct future breast self-exams. Perceived barriers (BR) negatively predicted past behavior and future intention of breast self-exams. The body image sub-constructs of appearance evaluation (AE) and overweight preoccupation (OWP) predicted the likelihood of past behavior but did not predict intention for future behavior. Appearance orientation (AO) had a somewhat opposite effect: AO did not correlate with or predict past behavior but did correlate with intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. The body image sub-constructs of body area satisfaction (BASS) and self-classified weight (SCW) showed no correlation with the subjects' past breast self-exam behavior nor with their intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate that both self-efficacy and perceived barriers to BSE are significant psychosocial factors that influence BSE behavior. These results suggest that health promotion interventions that help enhance self-efficacy and reduce perceived barriers have the potential to increase the intentions of Malaysian women to perform breast self-exams, which can promote early detection of breast cancers. Future research should evaluate targeted communication interventions for addressing self-efficacy and perceived barriers to breast self-exams with at-risk Malaysian women. and further explore the relationship between BSE and body image.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.279-291
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to determine the structural relationships among the infant's temperament, father's involvement in child-rearing, and the infant's social and emotional behavior. To this end, research was conducted with 330 parents of infants aged 1 and 2 in 55 day care centers located in J city and I city, Jeollabukdo. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural model equation analysis were conducted using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. First, the results of the structural model equation analysis showed that the infant's temperament had a negative correlation with leisure and guidance, while it had a positive correlation with activity and impulsivity, which are external manifestations of their social and emotional behavior. Father's involvement in child-rearing had a negative correlation with the adaptability and mood aspects of the child's temperament, and also with general anxiety, an internal aspect of his or her social and emotional behavior. Social and emotional behavior had a positive correlation with the approach avoidance aspect of the infant's temperament. Second, according to the results of the analysis of the route between the variables, infant temperament was found to be a significant route, having a statistically negative correlation with father's involvement in child-rearing. The results of this study showed that infant's temperament and father's involvement in child-rearing had effects on the infant's social and emotional behavior, and suggested the importance of having a proper understanding of the educational implications of the father's involvement in child-rearing, in terms of its effects on the infant's social and emotional behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1982

As technological civilization and medical science has developed, standards of living have imp-roved and human life expectancy has been extended. But the incidence and mortality rate of cancer have been gradually increasing due to the pollution of the environment. Even though cancer is still a great threat to human beings, the etiology and appropriate cure forcancerhavenotyetbeendiscovered. The early detection and treatment of cancer is urgently needed. This study concentrates on the health behavior of woman regarding the papanicolau smear for early detection of cervical cancer. It was done in order to provide a direction for scientific health education materials by investigating predictors of preventive health behavior. The subjects for this study were made up of 54 woman, who comply with preventive health practices(compliant) who attended the Cervical Cancer Center of Y University Hospital in order to have tests for early detection of cervical cancer and 54 woman who did not comply with preventive health practices (noncompliant) selected from 100 housewives of I apartment, Kang Nam Ku, Seoul. The study method used, was a questionnaire for the compliance group and an interview for the noncompliance group. The period for data collection was from October 13th to October 24th. 1981. Analysis of the data was done using percentages, T-test, Pearson Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of study were as follows: 1. The hypotheses tested were based on the health belief model; 1) The first hypothesis,“The compliant may have more knowledge of the cervical cancer than the noncompliant”was rejected(T=-1.86, p>.05) 2) The second hypothesis,“The compliant may have a higher severity of cervical cancer than the noncompliant”was accepted (T=5.41, p<.001) 3) The third hypothesis, “The compliant may have a higher susceptability to cervical cancer than the noncompliant”was accepted(T=3.51, p<.01). 4) The fourth hypothesis,“The compliant may have more beneHt than cost'from the cervical cancer tests than the noncompliant" was accepted(T=7.46, p<.001). 5) The fifth hypothesis,“The compliant may have more health concern than the noncompliant”. was accepted(T=3.39, p<.01). These results show that severity, susceptability, benefit(over cost) and health concern influence the preventive health behavior in this Study. 2. In the correlation among variables, it was found that the knowledge of cervical cancer and the benefit(over cost) of preventive health behavior were negatively correlated(r=-2.75, p<.01), Severity of cervical cancer and benefit (over cost) of preventive health behavior were positively correlated(r=.280, p＜.01), severity and susceptability of cervical cancer were positively correlated(r= .238, p<.01), benefit(over cost) and health concern were positively correlated(r= .299, p<.01). The benefit(over cost) may be raised by increasing the severity and health concern. Therefore the compliance rate of woman may be raised through health education by increasing the benefit(over cost) of the individual. 3. The Stepwise Multiple Regression between health behavior and predictors. 1) The factor“Benefit(over cost)”could account for preventive health behavior in 34.4％ of the sample(F=55.6204 P<.01). 2) When the factor“Severity”is added to this, it accounts for 44.3% of preventive health behavior(F=41.679, p<.01). 3) When the factor“Susceptability”is also included, it accounts for 46.7% of preventive health behavior(F=30.373, p<.01). 4) When the factor “Health concern”is included, it accounts for 48.1% of preventive health behavior(F=23859, p<.05). This means that other factors appear to influence preventive health behavior, since the combination of variables explains only 48.1％ of the Preventive health behavior. Therefore further study to investigate the predictors of preventive health behavior is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to find out coping behavior to mathematics anxiety depending on grade, sex, mathematics achievement, and mathematics anxiety in elementary school students and to find out the variables influencing coping behavior to mathematics anxiety. 991 students (grade: 4, 5, 6) completed questionnaires about mathematics anxiety and coping behavior to mathematics anxiety. Their home room teachers completed scores of the mathematics achievement test of their students. Data were analyzed by F-test, t-test, correlation and step wise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were statistically significant differences in coping behavior to mathematics depending on grade, mathematics achievement and level of mathematics anxiety except for sex. Second, the level of mathematics anxiety was the most important factor in coping behavior to mathematics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 1988

In this research, the behavior of weaving traffic is studied in terms of lane-changing behavior and gap acceptance characteristics. General trends in lane-changing behavior and gap acceptance characteristics are investigated by analyzing descriptive statistics and the factors affecting weaving behavior are determined by means of the multiple linear regression analysis. The results of analysis show that the behavior of weaving traffic is generally similar to that in a basic freeway section and an on- or of- ramp section. Traffic density and speed appear to be better parameters than traffic volume for explaining the behavior of weaving traffic. For the same purpose, using the traffic conditions of the origin and the destination lanes are found to be more effective than using the average traffic conditions of the freeway. A detailed analysis of the gap acceptance characteristics of late merging vehicles shows that there is no significant difference between the size of gaps accepted by late merging vehicles and that accepted by early merging vehicles.