• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.855-861
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• 1995

The longitudinal change of vitamin A concentration and secretion in transitional milk of 32 Korean lactating wormen and vitamin A intake of infants were studied 7, 10 and 15 days postpartum. Retinol concentration of the milk averaged 93.6$\pm$47.1, 80.1$\pm$41.6 and 66.7$\pm$33.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml at 7, 10 and 15 days postpartum respectively and showed decreasing trend in total mothers. $\beta$-carotene concentration showed similar decreasing trend averaged 13.4$\pm$10.6, 8.2$\pm$4.6 and 5.3$\pm$3.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml respectively. Vitamin A concentration decreased with the respective amount of 94.9$\pm$47.1, 80.5$\pm$41.5 and 67.3$\pm$33.0 R.E../100ml during the lactation. The average vitamin A secretion in the milk of all mothers appeared 410.0 R.E/day. Vitamin A secretion of multiparae (450.1 R.E./100ml) appeared not significantly higher than those of primiparae(370.0 R.E./100ml). The average vitamin A intake of infants in the milk averaged 333.7 R.E./day and was 95.3% of RDA for infants. Vitamin A intake per body weight of infants in the milk averaged 110.6, 91.9 and 79.2 R.E./kg/day respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1985

D.K. Harrison [5] has shown that if R and S are fields of characteristic different from 2, then two Witt rings W(R) and W(S) are isomorphic if and only if W(R)/I(R)$^{3}$ and W(S)/I(S)$^{3}$ are isomorphic where I(R) and I(S) denote the fundamental ideals of W(R) and W(S) respectively. In [1], J.K. Arason and A. Pfister proved a corresponding result when the characteristics of R and S are 2, and, in [9], K.I. Mandelberg proved the result when R and S are commutative semi-local rings having 2 a unit. In this paper, we prove the result when R and S are 2-fold full rings. Throughout this paper, unless otherwise specified, we assume that R is a commutative ring having 2 a unit. A quadratic space (V, B, .phi.) over R is a finitely generated projective R-module V with a symmetric bilinear mapping B: V*V.rarw.R which is nondegenerate (i.e., the natural mapping V.rarw.Ho $m_{R}$ (V, R) induced by B is an isomorphism), and with a quadratic mapping .phi.:V.rarw.R such that B(x,y)=(.phi.(x+y)-.phi.(x)-.phi.(y))/2 and .phi.(rx)= $r^{2}$.phi.(x) for all x, y in V and r in R. We denote the group of multiplicative units of R by U(R). If (V, B, .phi.) is a free rank n quadratic space over R with an orthogonal basis { $x_{1}$, .., $x_{n}$}, we will write < $a_{1}$,.., $a_{n}$> for (V, B, .phi.) where the $a_{i}$=.phi.( $x_{i}$) are in U(R), and denote the space by the table [ $a_{ij}$ ] where $a_{ij}$ =B( $x_{i}$, $x_{j}$). In the case n=2 and B( $x_{1}$, $x_{2}$)=1/2, we reserve the notation [ $a_{11}$, $a_{22}$] for the space.the space.e.e.e.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.349-363
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• 2019

Let ${\mathbb{H}}^5$ be the 5-dimensional Heisenberg group equipped with a left-invariant metric. In this paper we calculate the volumes of geodesic balls in ${\mathbb{H}}^5$. Let $B_e(R)$ be the geodesic ball with center e (the identity of ${\mathbb{H}}^5$) and radius R in ${\mathbb{H}}^5$. Then, the volume of $B_e(R)$ is given by $${\hfill{12}}Vol(B_e(R))\\{={\frac{4{\pi}^2}{6!}}{\left(p_1(R)+p_4(R){\sin}\;R+p_5(R){\cos}\;R+p_6(R){\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_0}^R}{\frac{{\sin}\;t}{t}}dt\right.}\\{\left.{\hfill{65}}{+q_4(R){\sin}(2R)+q_5(R){\cos}(2R)+q_6(R){\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_0}^{2R}}{\frac{{\sin}\;t}{t}}dt}\right)}$$ where $p_n$ and $q_n$ are polynomials with degree n.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1989

The purpose of t h i s paper i s to i n v e s t i g a t e the development of academic magazines and i t s Charac t e r i s t ~ c s i n o r d e r to determine i t s function a s a means of p r e s e n t i n g t h e i r r e s u l t s of reasearch in Korea.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2020

The identification of adult stem cells is challenging because of the heterogeneity and plasticity of stem cells in different organs. Within the same tissue, stem cells may be highly proliferative, or maintained in a quiescent state and only to be activated after tissue damage. Although various stem cell markers have been successfully identified, there is no universal stem cell marker, which is exclusively expressed in all stem cells. Here, we discuss the roles of master developmental regulator RUNX1 in stem cells and the development of a 270 base pair fragment of the Runx1 enhancer (eR1) for use as stem cell marker. Using eR1 to identify stem cells offers a distinct advantage over gene promoters, which might not be expressed exclusively in stem cells. Moreover, RUNX1 has been strongly implicated in various cancer types, such as leukemia, breast, esophageal, prostate, oral, skin, and ovarian cancers-it has been suggested that RUNX1 dysfunction promotes stem cell dysfunction and proliferation. As tissue stem cells are potential candidates for cancer cells-of-origin and cancer stem cells, we will also discuss the use of eR1 to target oncogenic gene manipulations in stem cells and to track subsequent neoplastic changes.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2002

Window Probability Matching Method(WPMM) is achieved by matching identical probability density of rain intensities and radar reflectivities taken only from small window centered about the gage. The equation of $Z_{e}-R$ relationship is obtained and compared with data between a DWSR-88C radar and high density rain gage networks within 150km from radar site in summer season, 1998. The probability density of radar effective reflectivity is distributed with high frequency near 15dBZ. The frequency distribution of rain intensities shows that rain intensity is lower than 10mm/hr in most part of radar coverage area. As the result of $Z_{e}-R$ relationship using WPMM, curved line has shown to the log scale spatially and it can be explained more flexible than any straight-line power laws at the transformation to the rainfall amount from $Z_e$ value. During 3 months, total radar cumulative rainfall amount estimated by $Z=200R^{1.6}$ and WPMM relationships are 44 and 80 percentages of total raingage amount, respectively. Therefore, $Z_{e}-R$ relationships by WPMM may be widely needed a statistical method for the computation of accumulated precipitation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1030-1034
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• 2013

Elimination reactions of $(E)-2,4-(NO_2)_2C_6H_2CH=NOC_6H_3-2-X-4-NO_2$ (1a-e) promoted by $R_3N/R_3NH^+$ in 70 mol % MeCN(aq) have been studied kinetically. The reactions are second-order and exhibit Br$\ddot{o}$nsted ${\beta}$ = 0.80-0.84 and ${\mid}{\beta}_{lg}{\mid}$ = 0.39-0.42, respectively. For all leaving groups and bases employed in this study, the ${\beta}$ and ${\mid}{\beta}_{lg}{\mid}$ values remained almost the same. The results can be described by a negligible $p_{xy}$ interaction coefficient, $p_{xy}={\partial}{\beta}/pK_{lg}={\partial}{\beta}_{lg}/pK_{BH}{\approx}0$, which describes the interaction between the base catalyst and the leaving group. The negligible pxy interaction coefficient is consistent with the $(E1cb)_{irr}$ mechanism. Change of the base-solvent system from $R_3N$/MeCN to $R_3N/R_3NH^+$-70 mol % MeCN(aq) changed the reaction mechanism from E2 to $(E1cb)_{irr}$. Noteworthy was the relative insensitivity of the transition state structure to the reaction mechanism change.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2024

The changes in threshold voltage and DIBL were investigated for changes in remanent polarization P_r and coercive field E_c, which determine the characteristics of the P-E hysteresis curve of ferroelectric in NCFET (negative capacitance FET). The threshold voltage and DIBL (drain-induced barrier lowering) were observed for a junctionless double gate MOSFET using a gate oxide structure of MFMIS (metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor). To obtain the threshold voltage, series-type potential distribution and second derivative method were used. As a result, it can be seen that the threshold voltage increases when P_r decreases and E_c increases, and the threshold voltage is also maintained constant when the P_r/E_c is constant. However, as the drain voltage increases, the threshold voltage changes significantly according to P_r/E_c, so the DIBL greatly changes for P_r/E_c. In other words, when P_r/E_c=15 pF/cm, DIBL showed a negative value regardless of the channel length under the conditions of ferroelectric thickness of 10 nm and SiO₂ thickness of 1 nm. The DIBL value was in the negative or positive range for the channel length when the P_r/E_c is 25 pF/cm or more under the same conditions, so the condition of DIBL=0 could be obtained. As such, the optimal condition to reduce short channel effects can be obtained since the threshold voltage and DIBL can be adjusted according to the device dimension of NCFET and the P_r and E_c of ferroelectric.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3961-3968
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• 2015

Background: Variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) show more oncogenicity than do prototypes. The HPV16 Asian variant (HPV16As) plays a major role in cervical cancer of Asian populations. Some amino acid changes in the E6 protein of HPV16 variants affect E6 functions such as p53 interaction and host immune surveillance. This study aimed to investigate activities of HPV16As E6 protein on modulation of expression of miRNA-21 as well as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) 1, 3, 7 and c-fos. Materials and Methods: Vectors expressing E6 protein of HPV16As (E6D25E) or HPV16 prototype (E6Pro) were constructed and transfected into C33A cells. HCK1T cells expressing E6D25E or E6Pro were established by transducing retrovirus-containing E6D25E or 16E6Pro. The E6AP-binding activity of E6 and proliferation of the transfected C33A cells were determined. MiR-21 and mRNA of interesting genes were detected in the transfected C33A cells and/or the HCK1T cells, with or without treatment by culture medium from HeLa cells (HeLa-CM). Results: E6D25E showed binding activity with E6AP similar to that of E6Pro. Interestingly, E6D25E showed a higher activity of miR-21 induction than did E6Pro in C33A cells expressing E6 protein. This result was similar to the HCK1T cells expressing E6 protein, with HeLa-CM treatment. The miR-21 up-regulation significantly corresponded to its target expression. Different levels of expression of IRFs were also observed in the HCK1T cells expressing E6 protein. Interestingly, when treated with HeLa-CM, IRFs 1, 3 and 7 as well as c-fos were significantly suppressed in the HCK1T cells expressing E6D25E, whereas those in the HCK1T cells expressing E6Pro were induced. A similar situation was seen for IFN-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\beta}$. Conclusions: E6D25E of the HPV16As variant differed from the E6 prototype in its activities on epigenetic modulation and immune surveillance and this might be a key factor for the important role of this variant in cervical cancer progression.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.191-203
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the effects of Selenium(Se), Vitamin E (Vit. E) or recombinant Bovine Somatotropin(rBST) administration on fresh and frozen/thawed semen characteristics and 2) the effect of taurine on frozen/thawed semen characteristics in Hanwoo sires Hanwoo sires were randomly assigned to five groups (1. control, 2. rBST, 0.09mg/kg body weight (BW), 3. Vito E 1,500IU/kg BW, 4. Se 0.l mg/kg BW, 5. Vit. E 1,500IU plus Se 0.1 mg/kg BW). The administration of Se, Vit. E and rBST for each experimental group were given 6 times at 15 days interval by intramuscular injection. The administration of Se, Vit. E or rBST in Hanwoo sires didn't affect semen volume and pH values, but sperm viability was significantly increased comparing to the control group. Also, frozen/thawed semen analysis showed that the sperm viability increased, but any other effects were not found in total sperm :lumber, motility and abnormality among treatments. The addition of taurine in semen freezing extender had a beneficial effects on frozen/thawecl semen characteristics in all groups. The administrations of rBST, Vit. E and Se did not affect the sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, either the ratio of F pattern(uncapacitated and acrosome intact sperm) or AR pattern(capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm), but the ratio of B patten(capacitated and acrosome intact sperm) of treatment groups was significantly higher than that of control group, These results indicated that the viability, motility and quality of semen in Hanwoo sires were slightly increased by the injection of rBST, Vit. E and Se, and the addition of taurine in semen freezing extender were also increased the semen characteristics after thawing.