• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.156-161
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• 2000

The unripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata Raf has been used for the treatment of allergic disease. Recently it was reported that the fruit inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and histamine release at mast cell. Type I immediate hypersensitivity of anaphylactic type is caused by released mediate chemical at mast cell. Histamine is also known as one of potent mediate chemical. Also release of mediate chemical is affected by specific stimulation of IgE combined with mast cell. Activation of mast cell is known to be stimulated by compound 48/80 and inhibited by increase of cAMP. In this experiment, the effect of water extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf fruit (PT) on a histamine release, cAMP concentration and IgE production was measured. Compound 48/80 was administrated to the mouse peritoneal cell which was pretreated with PT. PT dosedependently inhibited histamine release at peritoneal mast cell and the serum level of histamine induced by compound 48/80. PT also instantly increased cAMP level of peritoneal mast cell right after it was added and the level gradually decreased. Production of IgE induced by antigens at mouse peritoneal cell was inhibited by PT. The IgE synthesis is induced by IL-4 and it is known that lipopolysaccharide(LPS) plus IL-4 cause an increase in IgE secretion by murine B cells. The effects of PT inhibited the production of IgE activated by LPS plus IL-4 at human U266B1 cells. These results indicate that PT has antiallergic activity by Inhibition of IgE production from B cells and histamine release by increase of cAMP.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.203-204
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2008

Ehrlichia chaffeensis infects human and animals, and causes human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME). It is emerging as a tick-borne zoonosis of concern. Although deer are important natural reservoir hosts of E chaffeensis, few surveys of deer in Korea for E chaffeensis have been conducted. Therefore, we conducted this study to confirm the occurrence of E chaffeensis in deer. To accomplish this study, we collected blood from total 27 deer and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rRNA sequence analyse to evaluate the samples for the presence of E chaffeensis. The results of this study indicated that 9 (33%) of the deer were infected with E chaffeensis. This is the first study to demonstrate that deer in Korea are infected with E chaffeensis, which indicates that they can act as a natural reservoir host for E chaffeensis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1999

Background: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can induce antitumor effects in vivo. This antitumor effect is associated with T cell infiltration but the effect of IL-12 on the steps of T cell migration into the tumor tissue has not been fully elucidated. This study focused on the effect of IL-12 on the tumor growth and the metastasis and on the expression of E-selectin, an adhesion molecule which is activated endothelial specific in its expression. In addition, we studied whether the expression of E-selectin is associated with the TNF-$\alpha$, a cytokine that its production is increased by IL-12 and has functions inducing a variety of adhesion molecules. Methods: Mice of C57BL/6 strain were injected with Lewis lung cancer cells followed by either IL-12, TNF-$\alpha$, or normal saline by intraperitoneal route. Twenty eight days after tumor cell inoculation, metastatic nodules of lung were enumerated and immunohistochemical staining of the subcutaneous tumors were performed with monoclonal antibodies to CD4, CD8, CD16, and E-selectin. In IL-12 treated mice, the subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung tumors were decreased in size and the metastases were also decreased in number compared to control mice. On tumor tissues, increased infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells were oberved in IL-12 treated mice compared to control mice. In control mice, E-selectin was absent on tumor vessels, but the expression of E-selectin was increased on tumor vessels of IL-12 treated mice. Administration of TNF-$\alpha$ increased not only the expression of E-selectin but also infiltrations of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells on tumor tissues. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that IL-12 inhibits tumor growth and metastases through infiltrations of inflammatory cells in mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma and E-selectin may playa role in inflammatory cell recruitment on tumor tissue following IL-12 administration. Also, TNF-$\alpha$ may have a role as a mediator responsible for the IL-12 induced expression of E-selectin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2002

This study deals with the distribution and morphological study of the neurons with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) in developing chick brain. The developing brains of Korean native chicks at embryonic days 8 (E8), E10, E12, E14, E16, E18, and E20 were used. The chicks were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde through the left ventricle and aorta. The brains were removed and transferred into 30% sucrose, and then cut in a cryostat into $60{\mu}m$ in thickness. The sections were immunostained with free-floating and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) methods. The numerous neurons with NPY were first observed in nucleus rotundus of diencephalon at E8. In particular, neurons in nucleus rotundus had the well-developed processes. At E12, the neurons with NPY were distributed widely in diencephalon; nucleus septalis lateralis, medialis, nucleus magnocelluaris preopticus dorsalis, medialis, ventralis, nucleus preopticus medialis, nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami pars magnocellularis, and nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis (paraventricular nucleus) except nucleus rotundus. From E12 to E20, positive neurons were oval-shaped, changed gradually into the spherical- and multipolar-shaped. The shapes of processes were also omnidirectional and the number of those were less than in telencephalon. As the chicks developed, the morphology of neurons with NPY showed the tendency to increase in their sizes and numbers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.419-429
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• 1998

Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf (Rutaceae) fruits (PTFE) has been used for the treatment of allergic disease. IgE is normally one of the least abundant immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in the serum of both humans and several species of experimental animals: however a number of different stimuli can result in profound increases in IgE levels relative to other isotypes. In rodents, infection with many parasitic helminths can cause approximately 100-fold elevation in IgE within 2 wks. Immunization of mice with small amounts of protein antigens on alum also results in 10-fold to fold increase in total serum IgE, much of it specific for the immunizing antigen. In this experiment, I investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf (Rutaceae) fruits (PTFE) on a in vivo and in vitro IgE production. PTFE dose-dependently inhibited the serum levels of IgE induced by antigens. The regulation of IgE synthesis is influenced by T cells and T cell derived factors. IL -4, a T cell-derived cytokine, has been shown to stimulate murine IgE synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. Current evidence suggests that IL-4 induces IgE synthesis in the mouse by stimulating H chain isotype switch. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus IL-4 cause about l00-fold increase in IgE secretion by murine B cells. The effects of PTFE on the IL-4-dependent IgE response by mouse whole spleen cells were studied. Whole spleen cells were cultured for 7 days in the presence of LPS plus IL-4 and PTFE and the supernatants were assayed for IgE. IL-4 dependent IgE production of LPS-stimulated whole spleen cells was inhibited by PTFE. Moreover, in the present study using U266Bl human IgE-bearing B cells, I found that PTFE inhibited the production of IgE activated by LPS plus IL-4. These results indicate that PTFE have antiallergic activity by inhibition of IgE production from B cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.5
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• pp.349-354
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• 2011

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and E6 oncoprotein expression are known risk factors for the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein expression in patients with NSCLC. Methods: Immunohistochemical stains of the HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein were performed in tumor tissues from 68 patients with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery from March 2006 to November 2008. Results: The E6 oncoprotein was expressed in 29.4% of patients with NSCLC and a statistical analysis revealed that E6 oncoprotein expression was significantly higher in females (p=0.028), never smokers (p=0.045), and patients with adenocarcinoma (p=0.022) than that in other patients. Conclusion: The E6 oncoprotein was expressed in 29.4% of patients with NSCLC. Further studies detecting HPV infection and E6 oncoprotein expression in never smoking patients with NSCLC are needed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2023

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has a genetic basis and is primarily a skin disorder characterized by allergic features. It is caused by an excessive immune response, associated with immunoglobulin E(IgE), to allergens and shows clinical signs of itching and inflammation. The present study evaluated the allergen-specific and total IgE concentration in dogs with allergic disorders. Allergen-specific IgE analysis was performed using a Multiple Allergen Simultaneous Test (MAST) assay, and total IgE analysis was conducted using an ELISA in 82 dogs with CAD. The subjects were divided into two groups: dogs aged ≤3 years and dogs aged >3 years, enabling a comparison of total IgE concentrations between the two age groups. The results showed that the major affecting environmental allergen was Alternaria alternate, and the major affecting dietary allergen was raw chestnut. The results revealed that dogs aged ≤3 years had higher total IgE concentrations than dogs aged >3 years with significant difference. The results of this study can contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of CAD in South Korea.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2002

Over the past decade there has been a resurgence of interest in botanical products for their medicinal uses. This present study was designed to screen medicinal plants for the treatment of brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or aging. We tested the effects of the water extracts from 41 species medicinal plants on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and antioxidant activity in vitro. Among them, Euodia rutaecarpa, Rubus coreanus, Achyranthes japonica, Morus alba, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Liriope platyphylla, and Rheum palmatum showed relatively AChE inhibition potency over 80%. Among the 7 medicinal plants investigated, E. rutaecarpa showed an 25%, 65%, and 93% inhibitions on AChE activity at 2.5, 12.5, and 25 ㎍/㎖ of the extract, respectively and was found to be one of most potent AChE inhibitor. The water extracts from 4 species (E. rutaecarpa, R. coreanus, A. iaponica, and M. alba) were tested on their antioxidant capacities using radical scavenging effect against ABTS/sup ㆍ+/. Among the 4 medicinal plants investigated, both R. coreanus and E. rutaecarpa showed significant antioxidant capacity. Therefore, E. rutaecarpa and R. coreanus are expected to ameliorate the clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease due to significant AChE inhibition and radical scavenging effect.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to introduce the case of using eCRF system in the Smoking Cessation Program project in Vietnam (2017). And aimed to derive the usefulness of the eCRF system and it potential for future global health business. Method : Introduce the smoking cessation program in vietnam (2017). Smoking Cessation was conducted in three provices of central vietnam Tamphu, Binhtu, Duytrinh) and eCRF was developed on the web environment by building AMP(Apache, PHP, MySQL). Dedicated application have also been developed for user. Result : Using the eCRF, the results of the program of the smoking cessation participants were recorded on the Database server. The implemented system focused on the role of a case recording platform that was simplified in function rather than an electronic version of the case report. It was useful for monitoring. Conclusions : The eCRF system was useful in global health business, and upgrading the system to reflect the feedback derived from the project could potentially be used in other projects. In addition, there are few cases where ICT is used in overseas health promotion projects using Oriental medicine, so further research is needed.