• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2016

We analyzed research trend and public perception related with tap water to identify major factors affecting low consumption of tap water. 805 research articles were collected for text mining analysis and 1,000 on-line questionnaires were surveyed to find social variables influencing tap water intake. Based on the word network analysis, research topics were divided into 4 major categories, 1) drinking water quality, 2) water fluoridation, 3) residual chlorine, and 4) micro-organism management. Compared with these major research topics, scientific studies of drinking behavior, or social perception were rather limited. 22.4% of total respondents used tap water as drinking water source, and only 1% drank tap water without further treatments (i.e. boiling, filtering). Experience of quality control report (B=0.392, p=0.046) and level of policy trust (B=1.002, p<0.0001) were influential factors on tap water drinking behavior. Age (B=0.020, p=0.002) and gender (B= - 1.843, p<0.0001) also showed significant difference. To increase the frequency of drinking the tap water by social members, the more scientific information of tap water quality and the water policy management should be clearly shared with social members.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

The effects of microbial phytase on laying performance, egg quality, and ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids were examined at three levels of phytase (0, 300, 600 unit/kg) in 55-wk-old White Leghorn for 4 weeks. Egg productivity tended to increase with supplemental phytase compared to that of control. Daily feed intake of hens fed phytase also increased. Egg shell thickness was not significantly different among the treatments. Haugh unit and yolk color were not statistically different. However, egg shell breaking strength was high at phytase treatment. Excretion and absorption of nitrogen were no difference among all treatments, but those of phosphorus was higher in the phytase treatment than control. The digestibility was high at crude fiber, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus in nutrients, at lysine, methionine and phenylalanine in essential amino acids, and alanine, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine and tyrosine in non-essential amino acids. In conclusion, supplemental microbial phytase in laying hens diet may help to improve egg production and to decrease P of feces. But, further studies were needed to investigate on the digestibility.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.724-731
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• 2012

This study was designed to elucidate whether combination with Korean red ginseng and Morus alba L. (MPM), traditional treatment for diabetes, ameliorates on high fructose-induced steatohepatitis and vascular inflammation. Animals were divided into four groups; Control receiving tap water, fructose-fed, rosiglitazone-treated fructose-fed rats, and MPM-treated fructose-fed rats both receiving supplemented with 60% fructose (n=10). The MPM or rosiglitazone groups initially received a high-fructose diet alone for 8 weeks, with supplementation with MPM or rosiglitazone, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) agonist, occurring during the final 6 weeks. Treatment with MPM significantly prevented the increase in c-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the high fructose group. MPM suppressed high fructose diet-induced vascular inflammation marker expression such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. MPM also reduced intima/media thickness of thoracic aorta. Histologic observation and oil red O staining demonstrated hepatic tissue damage and lipid accumulation were severe in high fructose group. Treatment with MPM ameliorated hepatic tissue morphology with minimized steatosis. In addition, MPM attenuated hepatitis by inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression. MPM-fed group showed lower serum GOT and GPT levels comparing with high fructose group. MPM and rosiglitazone (positive control) significantly decreased the size of epididymal adipocytes. Taken together, the administration of MPM inhibited high fructose-induced steatohepatitis and vascular inflammation. These results suggested that MPM is useful in the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome-related disorders such as fatty acid metabolism and vascular homeostasis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 1994

Acifluorfen-tolerant cell lines of S, ptycanthum were isolated by stepwise selection using suspension culture. Growth of unselected line was completely inhibited at $0.5\;\mu\textrm{M}$, while some selected lines grew at $8\;\mu\textrm{M}$ acifluorfen. After subculturing on acifluorfen-free medium for 4 passages, six of the eleven cell lines screened and maintained their tolerance to $2\;\mu\textrm{M}$ acifluorfen. The regeneration capacity of selected cell lines in Solanum ptycanthum differed depending on the tell line. The acifluorfen tolerance of the somarclones regenerated from acifluorfen-tolerant cell lines differed depending on the somarclone. When plants were heated with $16\;\mu\textrm{M}$ acifluorfen, unselected control plane had over 75% phytotoxicity Many selected cell lines had less phytotoxicity than the seed-grown control plants. Tolerance to acifluorfen was inherited to the self-pollinated progenies. The inheritance patterns differed depending on the clone. Acifluorfen tolerance was inherited as a semidominant trait. Other segregation patterns were also observed. acifluorfen tolerance was recessive and acifluorfen sensitivity was dominant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.417-422
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to assess the regime of heat shock protein and leaf temperature caused by high temperature stress in chinese cabbage grown in alpine region. In monsoon period, high temperature and heavy rain have caused a stress condition for the cultured higher plants. Chinese cabbages were grown in different altitude, i.e. 600 m and 1,100 m. It was demonstrated that heat shock protein (Hsp 90) in alpine chinese cabbage leaf was actively expressed by high temperature and surplus nitrogen application. As a results of thermo-graphically observed leaf temperatures, chinese cabbage grown in high altitude region were ranged from 20.5 to $24.3^{\circ}C$ while in low altitude from 24.0 to $31.5^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, analysis of assimilated nutrients indicated that total nitrogen content was higher in plant grown under high temperature than under low temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.897-905
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• 2014

The foliage of sweet potato [Impomoea batatas (L.) Lam] is an excellent source of food material due to the functional components of polyphenol and carotenoid. In this study, the lightness (L-value), polyphenol contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the foliage of Shinwhangmi, Hayanmi and Suioh cultivars harvested after different cultivation periods (60, 90 and 120 days after planting) and according to tip locations (1st~5th, 6th~10th, 11th~15th tips) were investigated. As a result, Shinwhangmi showed a lower lightness value (60 days after planting and 1st~5th tips). The longer the cultivation periods and the closer the tips, the higher the contents of polyphenol and DPPH radical scavenging activity were in lyophilized foliage of Shinwhangmi, Hayanmi and Suioh. In the 1st~10th tip of Shinwhangmi, Hayanmi and Suioh cultivated for 90 days and dried by 2 step hot-air (1st: $70^{\circ}C$ for 8 hr, 2nd: $80^{\circ}C$ for 4 hr), the polyphenol and ${\beta}$-carotenoid contents were 5.0, 3.9 and 4.0 mg/g and 75.6, 71.6 and 63.1 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities and ABTS radical scavenging activities ($EC_{50}$) were 0.29, 0.36 and 0.33 mg and 0.12, 0.15 and 0.11 mg, respectively. These antioxidative activities were over two times stronger than spinach.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.37-52
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• 2002

This study is preliminary study of the status of school counseling and demands for service at middle and high schools from universities to provide the youth middle and high schools in Changwon with counseling and educational service. The results of this research are below, First, the excessive workload became the most difficulties for operateschool counseling systems and counseling activities. Second, school counseling activities focused mainly on the formal and narrow areas of counseling such as career guidance, personality programs and intelligence test and so on. Third, the most problems which we have counselled, were friendship problems in the personal relationship, school absences in the delinquent, lack of information of sex in the sexual field, conflicts with Parents, in the family relationship, poor academic progresses in the academical and future directional problems and. character of personality difficulties in the psychological field. Fourth, the major offers from the teachers to counsel students in the school were advices, suggestions, career guidance, Preventative activities, and providing information through school counseling. Fifth, though the middle and high schools were in need of outside institutions related to counseling, It was difficult to get help because of being Ignorant of procedures or methods for using counseling and being lacking in enough information on such organizations. Sixth, ordinary students and students in danger of maladjustment besides problem students wanted to get a lot of help. Seventh, the counseling which are the most wanted from out of school was an opposite-sex relationship in the personal relationship, a lack of information on sex in the sexual fields, conflict with parents in the family problems, a strong unwillingness of study in the academical and future directional fields, and personalty difficulties In the psychological fields. Eighth, the subjects wanted to get counseling and educational service in regard to sex, addiction to PC, smoking, and ostracism and so on in counseling and education for young people. Ninth, education designed to have an adequate understanding of children turned out to be mostly needed as educational programs for parents Based on the above results, the proposals from universities for provide youth counseling and educational services are below. 1) setting up the positive publicity strategies E) developing and execution of various counseling and educational programs 3) expanding the counseling and education from maladjusted students to general students 4) expanding youth counseling and education to parental education and family counseling 5) continuous human resources improvement and training 6) reinforcement relationships with middle and high school organizations 7) building cooperation with local counseling organizations

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica and other natural resources (OF) in db/db and C57 mice. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, fecal bile acid excretion, the histopathological appearance of the liver, and cholesterol-related mRNA expression were determined. Mice (12 db/db mice and 12 C57 mice) were assigned to diabetic-control (db-C), diabetic-OF treatment (db-OF), normal-control (C57-C), and normal-OF treatment (C57-OF) groups. Animals in the control group were fed an AIN-76 recommended diet and animals in the OF group were fed an experimental diet containing 5% of OF for 4 weeks. Concentrations of total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol decreased with the administration of OF. In contrast, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels were minimally affected by the experimental diet. Plasma AST and ALT showed lower activities in the db-OF group, and the fecal excretion of bile acid was reduced in the db-OF group. Histopathological analysis of the liver showed that fatty liver conditions in the db-OF group were more improved than db-C. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and cholesterol 7${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA expression were increased in the db-OF group as well. However, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R) mRNA expression was lower in the db-OF group. These results provide experimental evidence about improved lipid metabolism of the OF feeding in the db/db mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.613-619
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• 2005

Indigenous Yakutian cattle' adaptation to the hardest subarctic conditions makes them a valuable genetic resource for cattle breeding in the Siberian area. Since early last century, crossbreeding between native Yakutian cattle and imported Simmental and Kholmogory breeds has been widely adopted. In this study, variations at 22 polymorphic microsatellite loci in 5 populations of Yakutian, Kholmogory, Simmental, Yakutian-Kholmogory and Yakutian-Simmental cattle were analysed to estimate the genetic contribution of Yakutian cattle to the two hybrid populations. Three statistical approaches were used: the weighted least-squares (WLS) method which considers all allele frequencies; a recently developed implementation of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method called likelihood-based estimation of admixture (LEA); and a model-based Bayesian admixture analysis method (STRUCTURE). At population-level admixture analyses, the estimate based on the LEA was consistent with that obtained by the WLS method. Both methods showed that the genetic contribution of the indigenous Yakutian cattle in Yakutian-Kholmogory was small (9.6% by the LEA and 14.2% by the WLS method). In the Yakutian-Simmental population, the genetic contribution of the indigenous Yakutian cattle was considerably higher (62.8% by the LEA and 56.9% by the WLS method). Individual-level admixture analyses using STRUCTURE proved to be more informative than the multidimensional scaling analysis (MDSA) based on individual-based genetic distances. Of the 9 Yakutian-Simmental animals studied, 8 showed admixed origin, whereas of the 14 studied Yakutian-Kholmogory animals only 2 showed Yakutian ancestry (>5%). The mean posterior distributions of individual admixture coefficient (q) varied greatly among the samples in both hybrid populations. This study revealed a minor existing contribution of the Yakutian cattle in the Yakutian-Kholmogory hybrid population, but in the Yakutian-Simmental hybrid population, a major genetic contribution of the Yakutian cattle was seen. The results reflect the different crossbreeding patterns used in the development of the two hybrid populations. Additionally, molecular evidence for differences among individual admixture proportions was seen in both hybrid populations, resulting from the stochastic process in crossing over generations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1461-1468
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• 2014

This study was aimed to examine the antibacterial and antioxidative properties of seven edible plants from Thailand to develop alternative antibiotics as feed additives. The plants include Citrus aurantifolia Swingle (Lime) fruits and its leaves, Sesbania grandiflora L. (Agati sesbania) leaves, Piper sarmentosum Roxb (Wild betal) leaves, Curcuma domestica Valeton (Turmeric) roots, Morinda citrifolia L. (Beach mulberry) leaves, Cassia siamea britt (Siamea cassia) leaves, and Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut) peels. The plants were extracted by methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by agar diffusion assay against Escherichia coli, Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, Haemopilus parasuis, and Clostridium perfringens that were considered pathogenic strains in livestock infection. Methanol extracts of C. aurantifolia Swingle fruits and leaves showed the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activities except for C. perfringens. Butanol extract of S. grandiflora L. leaves showed the strongest activity against Burkholderia sp. with MIC, $135{\mu}g/mL$. P. sarmentosum Roxb leaves showed antibacterial activities against E. coli, Burkholderia sp. and H. parasuis. Ethyl acetate and water extracts from C. domesitca Valeton roots showed MIC of $306{\mu}g/mL$ and $183{\mu}g/mL$, respectively against only C. perfringens. Antioxidative activity was determined by 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl photometric assay. The methanol extracts of C. aurantifolia Swingle fruits and P. sarmentosum Roxb leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity among all the extracts with 3.46 mg/mL and 2.70 mg/mL effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}$) values, respectively. Total contents of phenolics and flavonoids were measured from the plant extracts. Methanol extracts of S. grandiflora L. and chloroform extracts of C. domestica Valeton were found to have the highest amount of total phenolics, 41.7 and $47.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Flavonoid content of methanol extracts in S. grandiflora L. T was $22.5{\mu}g/mL$ and the highest among plant extracts tested. These results indicated that C. aurantifolia Swingle, S. grandiflora L., P. sarmentosum Roxb, and C. domestica Valeton have antibacterial and antioxidant activities and can be used as alternative antibiotics or potential feed additives for the control of animal pathogenic bacteria.