• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the optimal $CO_2$ emission in the maximum economic yield (MEY), maximum sustainable yield (MSY), and open access (OA) using a bioeconomic model. The results are as follows; in the case of $E_{MEY}$, $E_{MSY}$, and $E_{OA}$ levels, $CO_2$ emissions are estimated at $150,704,746CO_2/kg$, $352,211,193CO_2/kg$, and $301,409,492CO_2/kg$ respectively. We show that the $E_{MEY}$ is more efficient than the other levels. That is, the level of $E_{MEY}$ signifies the optimal economic fishing usage as the most economically efficient usage for large purse seine fishery catching mackerel species. The emission of $CO_2$ in $E_{MEY}$ is the lowest level. Also, the impacts of climate changes such as ocean temperature increase, ocean acidification, and the combined impact thereof show that the biomass of mackerel decreases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2003

The fundamental studies on the productivity improvement of the purse seine fishery are presented in this paper. The experiment on net shooting and hauling was carried out in the near sea of Jeju Island (33$^{\circ}$37.8' N, 126$^{\circ}$31.1' E) by using the Cheju national university training ship (A-Ra, 990tons) which was constructed for the one boat system operation of purse seine. The corkline and leadline of the purse seine used for the experiment were 829.1m and 995.7m in length, respectively. Micro data recorder system, net sonde, and tensiometer were used to measure the depth of leadline and the tension of purse seine. Based on the measurement data, the motion and tension of purse seine at the time of shooting, hauling, and pursing were characterized. The experimental results are summarized as follows ; 1. The shooting and hauling of net were found to be possible in the one boat system experimental operation. 2. At the time of purse seine shooting, the relationship between the depth (Dp) of leadline and elapsed time (Et) was found to be Dp=7.58Et-6.48. 3. At the time of pursing, the relationship between the depth (Dp) of leadline and elapsed time (Et) was found to be Dp=-0.8Et$^2$＋7.42Et＋92.04. 4. At the time of pursing, the tension (metric tons) of purse seine attained its maximum value (14.7tons) when the elapsed time is 8 minutes. The relationship with the elapsed time was found to be T=-0.13Et$^2$＋3.23Et-5.72.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2008

We modeled fish school movements as a capture process in relation to the purse seine method using the three steps of the stimulus-response process (i.e., input stimuli, central decision-making and output reaction). Input stimuli of the model were categorized as either physical stimuli such as visual stimulus, sound stimulus, water flow, and weather or as biological stimuli such as species and size, swimming performance, sensual sensitivity, and presence of prey or predators. The output process determining the spatial orientation of the fish school for 3-D movements was based on swimming speed and angular change in the fish response, and these movements were animated as the relative geometry between the fish school and the purse seine. Simulations were carried out for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) schools reacting to a pelagic purse seine in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Simulation results showed that escape ratios varied from 20 to 70% by the relevant ranges in the stimulus-response thresholds, swimming speeds, and angular changes of fish schools were similar to those observed in the field. Therefore, with knowledge of relevant parameters, this model can be used to predict capture and escape probabilities of purse seine operations for different fish species or conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 2020

In this study, the risk factors of coastal purse seine fisherman were analyzed through a survey of fishery workers of coastal purse seine fishery and the accident compensation insurance data of the fisheries workers of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC). The classified fishing operation accident data was analyzed through 4M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) model of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the accident prevention measures were presented using Harvey's 3E (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) model. The rate of accidents on coastal purse seinens each year was 75.8‰, 36.7‰ and 74.8‰ from 2015 to 2017. The accident frequency resulting from slipping was the highest, and the risk of a contact with gear was low. When comparing each insurance data, the average value of the contact with gear accident was the highest. This research result is expected to be important data in identifying and preventing safety hazards of coastal purse seiner fisherman in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2005

This paper summarizes characteristics of the Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). Major fishing area for the Korean tuna purse seine fleet consisted of the waters of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands and adjacent high seas between $130^{\circ}E-180^{\circ}$ The center of the Korean tuna fishing ground was in the vicinity of $180^{\circ}$ during the El - $Ni{\tilde{n}}$o event but was formed in $150^{\circ}-160^{\circ}$E during the La - $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ event. As compared with other major purse seine fleets in WCPO, the Korean fleet set more on unassociated schools of tuna, while Japan, USA and Chinese - Taipei fleets accounted for more than 50% of sets on log - associated schools. In general, CPUES for log - associated schools were higher than those for unassociated schools and catch composition showed that yellowfin ratio was higher in unassociated shools than log - associated schools. Length frequency represented higher percentage of mid - sized yellowfin than Japanese and USA fleets. Daily set numbers and CPUE were high before 7 am and remained almost constant from 7 am to 3 pm but decreased rapidly after 3 pm and 5 pm, respectively. Catch composition per set indicated that pure skipjack school was caught most frequently, followed by mixed school and pure yellowfin school as the least, but CPUE was highest for the mixed school.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

The International Labor Organization (ILO) selected fishing as the most dangerous group of jobs in the world, and it is well known in Korea as a 4D industry. Offshore large purse seine accounts for the largest portion of the fishing industry in the coastal region with high death rate and the accident rate. The repeated disaster rate survey by the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) shows offshore large purse seiner is the highest at 22.3 percent and coastal gill nets and offshore stow net are following at 12.4 percent and 11.9 percent in order. Therefore, risk factors occurring in offshore large purse seiners were analyzed based on data from the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC) for three years from 2015 to 2017 and 4M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) 3E (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) techniques were used to provide a safe fishing environment. The number of accidents on offshore large purse seiners each year was more than 150, and the number of accidents on every fishing boats was as high as 17 percent in 2015. If the accident rate and the risk level were divided by insurance, the accident resulting from contact with machinery was the highest, and the risk of a contact with gear was low but frequently occurring. This was caused by collisions and contact with gear in situations where death and disappearance risk are not high, and accident types in situations where death and loss risk are considered to be contact with machinery, falls or other accidents. Through these analysis techniques, the frequency and risk of each type of accident on a offshore large purse seiners can be demonstrated, and it is expected to raise awareness of a safer fishing environment and contribute to the reduction of accidents.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

Shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., has been considered a health food for centuries in Asia and is known to contain the isothiocyanate compound sulforaphane. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of a sulforaphane-containing solution (SCS) isolated from shepherd's purse. SCS had significant anti-inflammatory activity indicated by the decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (interleukin $1{\beta}$ [IL-$1{\beta}$], IL-6, and IL-10), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. In addition, SCS decreased the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) levels, which confirmed the anti- inflammatory activity of SCS. Further, SCS inhibited vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Bacillus anthracis. The minimal inhibitory concentration was $250{\mu}g/ml$ for VRE and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ for B. anthracis. Taken together, these data indicate that SCS has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-superbacterial properties, and thus it can be used as a functional food or pharmaceutical.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.299-315
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• 2020

Tuna fisheries were applied to an integrated ecosystem-based fishery risk assessment method using indexes of target species status, inhabited species in a target ecosystem, habitat quality and socio-economic benefit of affected fisheries. This study suggested more effective and efficient management measures to break away from traditional management methods, such as limitation of catch and fishing effort. The results presented that the objective risk index (ORI_S) on sustainability of bigeye and yellowfin tunas by purse seine fishery was estimated high due to the high catch ratio of small fishes. The ORIs of biodiversity (ORI_B) and habitat quality (ORI_H) of purse seine fishery were also estimated at a high level from using fish-aggregating devices (FAD). However, due to skipjack tuna's high catches, the ORI of socio-economic benefit (ORI_E) was estimated at a very low level. Due to the high bycatch rate, ORI_B was high, and ORI_S and ORI_H were evaluated at a low level in longline fishery. Due to strengthern of fishing restrictions and increase of fishing costs, the ORI_E was assessed to be very high. The ecosystem risk index (ERI) for two tuna fisheries was assessed low, but the overall FAD management by purse seine fishery is necessary at the ecosystem level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.414-423
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• 2015

Fishing trend and characteristics of Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Pacific Ocean were investigated using logbook data compiled from captain onboard and the statistical data from 1980 to 2013. The historical catch of this fishery had sharply increased since mid-1980s, and it has shown fluctuations with about 2-3 hundred thousands, whereas the catch per number of vessel has steadily increased with fluctuations since commencing this fishery. As for the proportion of catch by set type, unassociated type had increased from the mid-1980s to the end of 1990s, and then has decreased up to 2010s. Associated type had decreased continually to the end of 1990s, however, it started to increase since the beginning of 2000s. As for the catch proportion of set type by main species, those of skipjack tuna and bigeye tuna showed higher in the associated type, whereas that of yellowfin tuna has the highest proportion in the unassociated type. Fishing distribution of Korean tuna purse seine fishery was concentrated on the area of $5^{\circ}N{\sim}10^{\circ}S$ and $140^{\circ}E{\sim}180^{\circ}$ through the decades. The monthly catch distribution by longitudinal zone of Korean tuna purse seine fishery expanded the most further to the eastward in September to October.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.290-300
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• 2019

Purpose: The optimal method for intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy remains unclear because a purse-string suture for fixing the anvil into the esophagus is difficult to perform with a laparoscopic approach. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate our novel technique to fix the anvil into the esophagus. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 202 patients who were treated at our institution with an intracorporeal circular esophagojejunostomy in a laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy with a Roux-en-Y reconstruction (166 cases) or a laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy with jejunal interposition (36 cases). After incising 3/4 of the esophageal wall, a hand-sewn purse-string suture was placed on the esophagus. Next, the anvil head of a circular stapler was introduced into the esophagus. Finally, the circular esophagojejunostomy was performed laparoscopically. The clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes were evaluated and compared with those of other methods. Results: The average operation time was 200.3 minutes. The average hand-sewn purse-string suturing time was 6.4 minutes. The overall incidence of postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification grade ${\geq}II$) was 26%. The number of patients with an anastomotic leakage and stenosis at the esophagojejunostomy site were 4 (2.0%) and 12 (6.0%), respectively. All patients with stenosis were successfully treated by endoscopic balloon dilatation. There was no mortality. Regarding the materials and devices for anvil fixation, only 1 absorbable thread was needed. Conclusions: Our procedure for hand-sewn purse-string suturing with the double ligation method is simple and safe.