• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.19-45
• /
• 2003

The main issues addressed in this paper are as follows : First, this paper makes a distinction among types of e-money, IC card type versus Network type, open-loop type versus closed-loop type, online type versus offline type and accountable type versus unaccountable type, and analysis the clear and accurate criterion. Second, generally speaking, e-money is a claim on originator of e-money and not legal tender, so, delivery of e-money by itself does not relieve of monetary obligation. Between it is not easy to define e-money, by now there are many definitions of e-money, there is a legal uncertainty accordingly and then it is not easy to find proper law applicable to resolve a particular issue. As a result. many problems relating to e-money would be solved through analogical application of the moot proper law among the laws that apply to the cash, check, credit card, or fund transfer after analyzing type of e-money at issue. This paper studies the methods on diffusion of the utilization of electronic money. To diffuse the usage of electronic money, it need; prerequisitely as a basic conditions independence of electronic money, non-reusability, and anonymity. And also as a additional conditions it need; usability in the offline commerce, transferability, divisibility. And now electronic money is used very actively, but still has many Jaw problems such as protections of consumer, law enforcement, supervisory, etc. So electronic money has called as money, but it is sure that electronic money is not a legal tender. So to facilitate the economic function of the electronic monel it is need to supplement the electronic money in the legal sides.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2002

This study addresses some solutions of the technical problem of using e-money systems. The solutions are on/off line e-money, one card, ordering system, and card-card settlement system etc. The alternatives are described as source code in the example of Angel Plus e-money. E-money is classified as IC card(off-line) type and net work(on-line) type. But, They should be integrated. End-users want to use the combined card for its conveniences. This research introduces on/off line e-money with a case study. On the basis of this paper, future research is to be further conducted on the Customer-oriented e-money with multiple functions.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.119-134
• /
• 2004

This research investigates the rising new role of mileage system as private e-money in a exploratory study. The key research questions are "How does mileage system evolve with expansion of e-business and what are the cases for real experiences in 'money-like' mileage and their implications?" This research focuses on the proposition that mileage points created in commercial transactions as a royalty program are observed to serve a new role as payment tool. In an attempt to identify factors that determine mileage system as private money, we employ three factors: confidence, transaction cost, and monetary freedom. Also, this research proposes a direction for further research and follow-up studies to establish legal and institutional issues and the relevant architecture, all of which are essential elements to make the mileage points global money with a certain trade ratio in the near future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.444-453
• /
• 2004

This research investigates the rising new role of mileage system as private e-money in a exploratory study. The key research questions are 'How does mileage system evolve with expansion of e-business and what are the cases for real experiences in 'money-like' mileage and their implications?' This research focuses on the proposition that mileage points created in commercial transactions as a royalty program are observed to serve a new role as payment tool. In an attempt to identify factors that determine mileage system as private money, we employ three factors: confidence, transaction cost, and monetary freedom. Also, this research proposes a direction for further research and follow-up studies to establish legal and institutional issues and the relevant architecture, all of which are essential elements to make the mileage points global money with a certain trade ratio in the near future.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.129-143
• /
• 2006

The internet industry is gradually increasing according to the explosive explosion of internet and development of information communication industry. Specially, The payment method of settlement means is diversed with development of e-commerce. In this paper, we propose a settlement method using e-settlement in the network. and we suggest a security method for efficiency of e-money. Also, we propose a reform plan of e-settlement system.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Anger has become one of the dominantly experienced emotions in recent years, particularly under the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the critical role that anger plays in consumers' lives, the present research examines how feeling angry about money influences consumers' spending and money distribution decisions. Research design and methodology. Three experiments were conducted using different emotion induction methods (i.e., dictator game, autobiographical recall, and scenario). Results. Feeling angry about money decreased pro-social spending (i.e., less money distribution to the others), but it did not affect virtuous or utilitarian spending for the self-unlike past finding on negative feelings that increased utilitarian spending. Furthermore, whereas anger-tainted money decreased pro-social spending of that money, guilt-tainted money increased pro-social spending. However, the effects of guilt versus anger were not completely symmetrical. The antagonistic effect of anger was diffusive across spending on distant and close others, whereas the pro-social effect of guilt was limited to distant others. Conclusions: These findings help policy makers and financial institutions forecast how money will be distributed or circulated when it is likely to be dampened by anger under the pandemic. They also highlight the importance of examining the effects of discrete emotions (e.g., anger vs. guilt) beyond valence.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.115-132
• /
• 1999

It is expected that the electronic money will be a major payment method in the forthcoming electronic finacial system. However, in order for the electronic money to have a widespread use among general public in their dialy life there are many properties that should be satisfied beforehand. In this study, we first analyze the characteristics of the existing electronic money systems, compare various proposals on the electronic money system so far, and then suggest a desirable model of developing an electronic money system for Korean financial institutions. It has been found that the model we propose satisfies the general requirements of the electronic money system. The results of this study will aid in various activities of technology development and standardization. Furthermore, this study will support the initiative effort of Korea in developing inter-country electronic money system.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.1349-1359
• /
• 2021

The electronic money market in Indonesia continues to experience an increase in the number of users and volume of transactions. However, the electronic money market, especially server-based, in Indonesia is becoming concentrated into a few issuers. Electronic money issuers compete in price and promotion wars to gain new customers and maintain their existing ones. This paper presents an analysis of the orientation and factors that influence the loyalty in electronic money products. The research model variables in this study are adopted from the E-Service Quality and Marketing Mix categories. These variables are hypothesized to affect the perceived value and then customer loyalty. The research population consists of all Indonesians who use server-based electronic money, with a sample of 400 individuals. The results show that, in the E-Service Quality group, reliability, responsiveness, and security significantly affect perceived value, while the perceived price and perceived promotional benefits significantly affect perceived value in the Marketing Mix group. The perceived price has the highest effect on the perceived value and customer loyalty, while the perceived value has a significant effect on customer loyalty. Finally, it was found that the customer is more sensitive to the price than quality in using electronic money.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.353-370
• /
• 2004

In recent years, electronic finance, especially online banking and brokerage services has reshaped the financial landscape around the world For example, e-finance makes it possible to offer banking services around the world 24 hours a day. The aim of this paper is to analyze the macroeconomic effects of e-finance and e-money, or with existing leading studies, is to survey how development of e-finance effects on monetary polices, and is to think out political devices to raise the efficiency of monetary polices.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.6-14
• /
• 2020

On information markets, we can identify different relations between sellers and their customers, with some users paying with money, some paying with attention, and others paying with their personal data. For the description of these different market relations, this article introduces the notion of arity into the scientific discussion. On unary information markets, customers pay with their money; examples include commercial information suppliers. Binary information markets are characterized by one market side paying with attention (e.g., on the search engine Google) or with personal data (e.g., on most social media services) and the other market side (mainly advertisers) paying with money. Our example of a ternary market is a social media market with the additional market side of influencers. If customers buy on unary markets, they know what to pay (in terms of money). If they pay with attention or with their personal data, they do not know what they have to pay exactly in the end. On n-ary markets (n greater than 1), laws should regulate company's abuse of money and-which is new-abuse of data streams with the aid of competition (or anti-trust) laws, and by modified data protection laws, which are guided by fair use of end users' attention and data.