• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2004

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is of great interest because of its important roles in the oxidation of numerous drugs and xenobiotics. HDJ-1, a molecular chaperone in human, is known to assist the correct folding of unfolded proteins. To achieve a high yield of recombinant human CYP3A4 in Escherichia coli, the CYP3A4 encoding gene was co-expressed with the chaperone HDJ-1, under the control of an inducible tac promoter in a bicistronic format. The levels of expression of the CYP3A4 in the bicistronic construct reached up to 715 nmol $(liter culture)^{-1}$ within 16 h at $37^{\circ}C$, which was about a 3.3-fold increase compared to that of the CYP3A4 alone without the HDJ-1. By co-expression with HDJ-1, the catalytic activity of CYP3A4 was also increased by -15-fold. The amount of activity increase was similar to that of the CYP production at the whole cell level. The present over-expression system may be useful for the rapid production of large amounts of active CYP3A4 in E. coli.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3-23
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• 2015

As the Internet rapidly emerges as a speedy and cost-effective way of purchasing goods from overseas websites, the number of disputes arising out of overseas direct purchases also increases. In such situations, a disgruntled consumer might be left without an effective remedy. Providing an alternative approach to redress such grievances might assist in resolving such disputes and in increasing consumer confidence in e-commerce. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) will allow consumers to solve their disputes without going to court, in a quick, low-cost, and simple way. It also helps to eliminate complex jurisdictional and choice-of-law problems. On the other hand, it has many problems such as having inadequate confidentiality and security, not being able to meet the "writing" requirement for arbitration of disputes, having difficulty in enforcing online arbitration agreements, having difficulties in enforcing online decisions and so on. This article investigates relationship online disputes and ODR and suggests ways that ODR can work best in resolving disputes arising out of overseas direct purchases. To expand the ODR system in online disputes, it is very important for domestic consumers to recognize the concept and usefulness of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and ODR systems. The Korean government must also help consumers recognize the ADR mechanisms of dispute resolution by public campaign advertisement of ADR systems. Further education of dispute resolution in higher educational institutions is also required as well as assisting the KCAB with funds and the establishment of ADR Law.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

We evaluated the problems of the current disaster psychological recovery support system of the Ministry of Interior and Safety for periodic infectious disease disasters, including COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The current disaster psychological recovery support systems are challenging to preemptively respond to infectious disease disasters over a wide range and for a long period. These result from the workforce shortage according to the face-to-face consultation method and the limited real-time application of consultation contents. Additionally, due to the workforce shortage, it is difficult to track those who have experienced disasters in the long term. Furthermore, most disaster psychology evaluation tools are for adults, and there are few evaluation tools for children and adolescents. This paper presents an advanced disaster psychological recovery support platform technology that can actively assist people in psychological recovery from disasters while mitigating these issues.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.8
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• 2023

The present report describes the endodontic treatment of an Oehlers type II dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor with 5 root canals, an extremely rare condition. Apical periodontitis and related symptoms were noted. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to aid the diagnosis, reveal tooth morphology, and assist in canal location. The pulp chamber was carefully accessed, and the root canals were explored under magnification. All root canals were prepared with an R25 Reciproc Blue system and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation. After initial preparation, a self-adjusting file (SAF) with NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was used to complement the disinfection. Additionally, calcium hydroxide medication was applied. Vertical compaction was used to fill the canals with a calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer and gutta-percha. After 12 months, the patient exhibited healing of the periapical region, absence of symptoms, and normal dental function. In conclusion, this nonsurgical treatment protocol was successful in promoting the cure of apical periodontitis. Both complementary disinfection with an SAF and use of calcium hydroxide medication should be considered when choosing the best treatment approach for dens invaginatus with very complex anatomy.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2018

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) has functionally controlled the interchange power flow in order to suppress the dynamic oscillations of frequency and tie-line power deviations as a perturbation occurs in the interconnected multi-area power system. Furthermore, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) can effectively assist AGC to more enhance the dynamic stability of power system. So, Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), one of the well-known FACTS devices, is here applied to accurately control and regulate the load frequency of multi-area multi-source interconnected power system. The research and efforts made in this regard have caused to introduce the Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) based SSSC, to alleviate both the most significant issues in multi-area interconnected power systems i.e., frequency and tie-line power deviations. Due to multi-objective nature of aforementioned problem, suppression of the frequency and tie-line power deviations is formularized in the form of a multi-object problem. Considering the high performance of Multi Objective Bees Algorithm (MOBA) in solution of the non-linear objectives, it has been utilized to appropriately unravel the optimization problem. To verify and validate the dynamic performance of self-defined FOPID-SSSC, it has been thoroughly evaluated in three different multi-area interconnected power systems. Meanwhile, the dynamic performance of FOPID-SSSC has been accurately compared with a conventional controller based SSSC while the power systems are affected by different Step Load Perturbations (SLPs). Eventually, the simulation results of all three power systems have transparently demonstrated the dynamic performance of FOPID-SSSC to significantly suppress the frequency and tie-line power deviations as compared to conventional controller based SSSC.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2008

Purpose: The major complication of acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning is respiratory failure as a result of cholinergic toxicity. Many clinicians find it difficult to predict the optimal time to initiate mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning, and as a result have tended to provide a prolonged ventilator support period. The purpose of this study is to determine any clinical predictors based on patients characteristics and laboratory findings to assist in the optimal timing of mechanical ventilator weaning. Methods: We reviewed medical and intensive care records of 44 patients with acute OP poisoning who required mechanical ventilation admitted to medical intensive care unit between July 1998 and June 2007. Patient information regarding the poisoning, clinical data and demographic features, APACHE II score, laboratory data, and serial cholinesterase (chE) levels were collected. Base on the time period of MV, the patients were divided into two groups: early group (wean time < 7 days, n = 28) and delayed group (${\geq}$ 7 days, n = 16). Patients were assessed for any clinical characteristics and predictors associated with the MV weaning period. Results: During the study period, 44 patients were enrolled in this study. We obtained the sensitivity and specificity values of predictors in the late weaning group. APACHE II score and a reciprocal convert of hypoxic index but specificity (83.8%) is only APACHE II score. Also, the chE concentration (rho = -0.517, p = 0.026) and APACHE II score (rho = 0.827, p < 0.001) correlated with a longer mechanical ventilation duration. Conclusion: In patients with acute OP poisoning who required mechanical ventilation, the APACHE II scoring system on a point scale of less than 17 and decrements in cholinesterase levels on 1-3 days were good predictors of delayed MV weaning.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제31권3_4호
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• pp.152-159
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• 2004

그리드는 기존의 컴퓨팅 환경을 대체하는 새로울 환경으로 각광받고 있다. 그러나 그리드가 원천적으로 가지고 있는 이질적인 특성으로 인한 사용상의 복잡함 때문에 일반 사용자가 사용하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 그리드 안경에서 사용자에게 편리하고 향상된 작업 환경을 제공하고 효율적인 작업의 수행을 돕는 JCML(Job Control Markup Language)과 편집기에 대해 소개한다. JCML은 기존의 글로버스에서 사용하는 RSL을 향상시킨 작업 제어 언어이다. JCML은 표준 XML 문서 형식으로 설계되어 그리드 서비스와의 데이타 호환성을 제공하며, 작업의 표현과 의존성 정보를 표시하기 위해 GXL(Graph eXchange Language)을 이용한 그래프 방식으로 노드와 에지를 사용하여 두 노드간의 의존성을 표현한다. 그리고 JCML 편집기는 사용자가 직관적으로 이해할 수 있도록 GUI 기반의 비주얼 환경을 제공하며, 끌어다 놓기와 같은 간단한 조작만으로도 복잡한 작업 지시를 수행할 수 있도록 구성되었다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2018

Background: Maintenance operations on-board ships are highly demanding. Maintenance operations are intensive activities requiring high man-machine interactions in challenging and evolving conditions. The evolving conditions are weather conditions, workplace temperature, ship motion, noise and vibration, and workload and stress. For example, extreme weather condition affects seafarers' performance, increasing the chances of error, and, consequently, can cause injuries or fatalities to personnel. An effective human error probability model is required to better manage maintenance on-board ships. The developed model would assist in developing and maintaining effective risk management protocols. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a human error probability model considering various internal and external factors affecting seafarers' performance. Methods: The human error probability model is developed using probability theory applied to Bayesian network. The model is tested using the data received through the developed questionnaire survey of >200 experienced seafarers with >5 years of experience. The model developed in this study is used to find out the reliability of human performance on particular maintenance activities. Results: The developed methodology is tested on the maintenance of marine engine's cooling water pump for engine department and anchor windlass for deck department. In the considered case studies, human error probabilities are estimated in various scenarios and the results are compared between the scenarios and the different seafarer categories. The results of the case studies for both departments are also compared. Conclusion: The developed model is effective in assessing human error probabilities. These probabilities would get dynamically updated as and when new information is available on changes in either internal (i.e., training, experience, and fatigue) or external (i.e., environmental and operational conditions such as weather conditions, workplace temperature, ship motion, noise and vibration, and workload and stress) factors.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.314-318
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 습식 코팅 방식 중 하나인 다층박막적층법의 자동화 시스템을 제작하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서 제안한 자동화 시스템은 다층박막적층법의 공정 변수(예를 들어, 증착 재료, 코팅 깊이, 코팅 및 헹굼 시간)를 제어함으로써 손으로 작업하는 것과 동일한 변수 조작이 가능하게 설계되었다. 자동화 시스템을 통해 기판을 완벽하게 용액 안으로 침액시킬 수 있으며, 이를 통해 특별한 분자간 결합(예를 들어, 정전기적 인력, 공유 및 수소 결합)을 통해 기판 위에 균일한 다층의 박막 형성이 가능하다. 두 종류 이상의 용액으로 기판이 침액될 때, 이 기판은 다른 용액으로 이동되기 전에 청소 구역에서 헹굼과 건조 과정을 거친다. 이러한 담금, 헹굼, 건조 과정은 모두 컴퓨터 프로그램에 의해 제어 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 자동화 시스템을 통해 그래핀을 기반으로 하는 다층박막 샘플을 제작하였고, 균일한 그래핀의 적층 여부를 분석하기 위해 제작된 샘플의 흡광도와 두께를 측정하였다. 기판 위에 그래핀과 고분자 층의 적층이 진행될수록 흡광도와 두께가 균일하게 증가하는 결과를 통해, 본 연구에서 제작한 자동화 시스템이 수작업을 통한 다층박막의 적층을 완벽하게 대체 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.274-278
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• 1993

단백질이 어떻게 비수용성이 되는지를 알기위해, 클로람페니콜 아세틸전이효소와 베타-락타메이즈를 과잉생산하여 그들의 수용성과 활성을 측정하였다. 클로람페니콜 아세틸전이효소는 총단백질의 9에서 45%를 차지하였으며, inclusion body 형성없이 완전히 수용성이었으며, 효소활성은 만들어진 양과 비례하였다. 또한 30℃에서 T7 발현체계에 의해 생성된 베타-락타메이즈는 수용성의 숙성체였으나, 37℃에서는 비수용성이 되었다. 세포질에 있는 대부분의 베타-락타메이즈는 비수용성이었고. 페리플라즘 공간에서는 대부분이 수용성이었다. 단백질의 올바른 폴딩을 도와주는 chaperone의 일종인 GroEL 단백질은 본 실험조선에서는 베타-락타베이즈의 수용성을 별로 높이지는 못했다. 세포 내에서 inclusion body의 형성은 단백질의 높은 종도보다는 각각 단밸질 자체의 특성과 관련된 듯하다.