• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.15B no.5
• /
• pp.457-464
• /
• 2008

In the real-world operational environment, most of text classification systems have the problems of insufficient training documents and no prior knowledge of feature space. In this regard, $Na{\ddot{i}ve$ Bayes is known to be an appropriate algorithm of operational text classification since the classification model can be evolved easily by incrementally updating its pre-learned classification model and feature space. This paper proposes the improving technique of $Na{\ddot{i}ve$ Bayes classifier through feature weighting strategy. The basic idea is that parameter estimation of $Na{\ddot{i}ve$ Bayes considers the degree of feature importance as well as feature distribution. We can develop a more accurate classification model by incorporating feature weights into Naive Bayes learning algorithm, not performing a learning process with a reduced feature set. In addition, we have extended a conventional feature update algorithm for incremental feature weighting in a dynamic operational environment. To evaluate the proposed method, we perform the experiments using the various document collections, and show that the traditional $Na{\ddot{i}ve$ Bayes classifier can be significantly improved by the proposed technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.5 no.2 s.17
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2005

This paper presents the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a viable means of forecasting Inundation Damage Area (IDA) in many watersheds. In order to develop the forecasting model with various environmental factors, we selected 108 watershed areas in South Korea and collected 49 damage data sets from 1990 to 2000, of which each set is composed of 27 parameters including the IDA, rainfall amount, and land use. After successful training processes of the ANN, a good agreement (R=0.92) is obtained (under present conditions) between the measured values of the IDA and those predicted by the developed ANN using the remaining 26 data sets as input parameters. The results indicate that the inundation damage is affected by not only meteorological information such as the rainfall amount, but also various environmental characteristics of the watersheds. So, the ANN proves its present ability to predict the IDA caused by an event of complex factors in a specific watershed area using accumulated temporal-spatial information, and it also shows a potential capability to handle complex non-linear dynamic phenomena of environmental changes. In this light, the ANN can be further harnessed to estimate the importance of certain input parameters to an output (e.g., the IDA in this study), quantify the significance of parameters involved in pre-existing models, and contribute to the presumption, selection, and calibration of input parameters of conventional models.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.193-205
• /
• 2003

There has been so many research activities about robot soccer system in the many research fields, for example, intelligent control, communication, computer technology, sensor technology, image processing, mechatronics. Especially researchers research strategy for attacking in the field of strategy, and develop intelligent strategy. Then, soccer robots cannot defense completely and efficiently by using simple defense strategy. Therefore, intention extraction of attacker is needed for efficient defense. In this thesis, intention extractor of soccer robots is designed and developed based on FMMNN(Fuzzy Min-Max Neural networks ). First, intention for soccer robot system is defined, and intention extraction for soccer robot system is explained.. Next, FMMNN based intention extractor for soccer robot system is determined. FMMNN is one of the pattern classification method and have several advantages: on-line adaptation, short training time, soft decision. Therefore, FMMNN is suitable for soccer robot system having dynamic environment. Observer extracts attack intention of opponents by using this intention exactor, and this intention extractor is also used for analyzing strategy of opponent team. The capability of developed intention extractor is verified by simulation of 3 vs. 3 robot succor simulator. It was confirmed that the rates of intention extraction each experiment increase.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess effects of task oriented programme on balance and upper extremity function in stroke patient. Methods : The subject is right hemiplegia with stroke and participated for 6 weeks. The design of study ABA designed of single subject research. The baseline phase consisted of 5 sessions. The intervention phase consisted of 15 sessions and performed task oriented training. The Maintenance phase consisted of 5 sessions. An assessment of upper extremity function was made using a Manual Function Test(MFT) and balance were assessed by the Time Up and Go test(TUG), Nintendo Wii Balance Board Test. Results : Dynamic balance improved from 51.53 to 42.62. At baseline, difference between left and right of the static balance was an average of 13.8, After treatment, the static balance difference was 6.29 and It was closer to zero than baseline, so static balance has been stable feature. Also, MFT point increased from 6 to 7.6. Conclusion : Task oriented programme can useful in balance and upper extremity function in stroke patient. Further studies need to generalize these findings.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.227-248
• /
• 2008

This study aims to examine the effects of art therapy on challenging behavior of schoolchildren. For this purpose, I selected one class of 4th year student of S primary school, located at Jeongeup city, Jeonlabukdo, and selected 4 study subjects through examination of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, characters, school life and K - HTP test. With regard to procedure of this study, I carried out art therapy program at the art class for 60 minutes one time a week for 4 months, a total of 17 sessions from Apr. 3, 2007 to July 24, 2007. I made this program with some modification in reference to Arts Therapy Technique (Counpia Remote Training Center, 2005), Group Art Therapy (Choi Seon Nam. Kim Gap Sook. Jeon Jong Kuk, 2007) and the Effects of Peer Group Art Activity on Sociality Skill of Offensive Children (Park Ju Yeon. Lee Byeon In, 2005). For each child, I compared and analyzed the changes in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, behavior by K-HTP (dynamic house-wood-human figure test) analysis and by school life(KSD) image analysis before and after treatment. I also carried out qualitative analysis on behavioral feature of each child for each session. This study obtained the following conclusions. First, child A showed positive change in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, K-HTP image test and school life. Since he was so active and wanted to obtain good evaluation from anyone that he frequently had quarrel with friends, spoke against others well and beaten others much but was changed and did not speak against others or beat. Second, child B showed clear difference in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, but no significant difference in K-HTP image test and school life. However, I observed substantial changes. While he could not speak frankly to others, felt empty in mind and was offensive in personal relations, he was changed, did not have quarrel with others or speak against others that much and improved his relationship with friends or teachers. Third, child C showed positive change in score of K-CBCL children juvenile behavior evaluation after art therapy program. In comparison of K-HTP image test and school life treatment before and after treatment, he still longed for mothers in mind but found rather stable after treatment. Fourth, child D showed positive chance in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale after art therapy program, but almost no changes in K-HTP image test. But he depicted good relationship and socializing with other friends in school life. While he could not carry his point due to social immaturity and felt depressed, he got more confident. This result of study showed that art therapy had positive effects on correction of schoolchildren.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.10 no.7
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2012

The core objective of this research article is to investigate different challenges and opportunities in management as well as start-ups of small businesses in India. The prudence behind this research is to examine various problems in front of the small businesses and to offer vital support and cooperation to overcome those with the support of concerned institutions through consultancy and training programs. The researchers have an intention to make available the research results to the governmental agencies, concerned small business institutions and also to the educational institutions which are continually design plans, programs, policies and strategies to upgrade the managerial and technical dexterities of the small business Indian operators. After thorough revision of relevant literature on small businesses and its management, the researchers used a well structured questionnaire and in-depth personal interviews with 586small business operators selected from manufacturing, trading (retailing and wholesaling), finance, servicing/repair businesses which are located in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The researchers have used convenience sampling and collected data was analyzed with the support of Microsoft Excel and frequency distribution. Noticeably, majority of the small businessmen in India are facing myriad number of challenges both in management and at the time of establishment of their business operations. In particular, 72.47 percent of small businesses operators' have substantiated their strong opinion towards the challenges they are facing particularly finance, marketing and other problems while managing their businesses. The researchers also attempted to get the opinions on problems of the various categories of small businesses while starting their operations. A staggering 68percent of respondents identified the problems related to preparation of business plan, location selection, marketing and other problems like lack of proper credit facilities, skilled manpower, and other infra related problems while setting up of their businesses. On an average, 64.62 and 63.51 percent of small businesses are facing various kinds of problems both at the time of day-to-day management as well as start-up of their businesses respectively. The present research confined with the opinions of only four categories of small business operators particularly from the manufacturing, finance, trading (retailing and wholesaling), and servicing/repair which are continuing their business operations from the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The present study emphatically provides concrete information required to the business community for identifying an assortment of challenges faced by different small business operators in managing and at the time of their inception. This research paper is first of its kind from this part of the world by offering extensive and credible information required for prospective entrepreneurs in facing the dynamic challenges in managing their business. Furthermore, this research presents invaluable inputs to the stakeholders like all types of governments, policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and educators' about the various impediments faced by the small business community in India.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2013

This research is to define the Aesthetics of Karatedo as Security Guard Martial Art by explore the aesthetics of Karatedo being invigorated as security guard martial art. The first one is beauty of space. The offense and defense of Karatedo as Security Guard Martial art are to fill in, to come out and to move from side to side. It help to have higher judgment. Secondly, it is beauty of time. It is subjective time felt by people training Karatedo. The third on is beauty of unity. We can see formal beauty of unity such as white dogi or black suit of security guard and dynamic beauty of unity such as quick and slow, strong and soft or movement of hand and foot. The forth one is beauty of symmetry. It can be shown strongly by triangle or moving of team kata and triangle between athletes and referee at Kumite competition. The fifth one is beauty of balance. It can by shown well by continual Karatedo kick motion, jumping kick motion at Kumite, jumping motion, quick turning, or moving such as standing on one foot at kata. The sixth one is beauty of harmony. The whith Dogi and blue or red guard at Kumite competition shows harmony of yin and yang and we can see also various harmony such as strong and soft, quick and slow, or high and low at Kata competition. The seventh one is beauty of curve. We can see beauty of straight line and curve by watching line of hand and foot from starting point to ending point. Specially, moving line of white dogi shows strongly beauty. The eighth one is beauty of rhythm. The rhythm is specified in Kumite kata competition rules. It is also shown by basic step, left and right step, various moving of foot, continual offense of hand or continual rhythm of offense and defense. The last one is bezuty of ethics. It is manner, duty as human, and moderation being important in Karatedo.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 균형 훈련이 중추신경계 손상자들의 자세 조절 및 중추감각신경전도로에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구대상자는 중추신경계 손상자로써 실험군 10명, 통제군 10명 등 총 20명을 선정하였으며, 실험군은 본 연구의 훈련 프로그램에 따라 12주간 force platform을 이용하여 균형훈련을 실시토록하였다. 자세조절 변인의 측정은 운동처치 전, 처치 후 8주 및 12주 후에 대상자들의 동적 및 정적 자세에서의 흔들림을 Dynamic Balance System을 이용하여 측정하였고, 체성감각 유발전위의 말초신경 근위부 유발전위$(N_9)$ 잠복기, 척수 유발전위$(N_{13})$ 잠복기, 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기는 Neurotec을 이용하여 측정 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정적 자세 조절 요인의 경우, 좌우 흔들림과 전후 흔들림은 실험군에서 8주 후부터 유의하게 (p<.05) 감소하였고, 실험군이 통제군에 비해 운동처치 8주 및 12주 후에 각각 유의하게(P<.05, P<.01) 흔들림이 감소하였다. 2. 전후 이동면과 전후 기울기면에서 동적 자세 조절의 변화는 전후 이동면에서 좌우 흔들림과 전후 흔들림은 실험군에서 8주 후부터 유의하게 (P<.05) 감소하였으며, 실험군이 통제군에 비해 운동처치 8주 및 12주 후에 각각 유의하게 (P<.05, p<.01) 흔들림이 감소하였다. 3. 체성감각 유발전위의 잠복기 변화는 실험군과 통제군에 있어서 말초신경 근위부 유발전위$(N_9)$ 잠복기와 척수 유발전위$(N_{13})$ 잠복기가 다소 증가하였으나 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 실험군에 있어서 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기는 8주 후부터 유의하게 (P<.05) 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 12주의 균형 훈련은 자세 조절에 있어서 전후와 좌우의 흔들림을 감소시킴으로써 정적인 상태나 동적인 상태에서의 자세 안정성을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 이는 자세 조절에 필요한 항중력근의 긴장성 수축을 유발시킬 뿐만 아니라 근육 긴장분포를 조절할 수 있다는 것으로 신경근 조절 기능의 향상을 의미하는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기의 증가는 중추신경계의 감각기능의 신경학적 회복을 의미하는 것으로 중추신경계의 감각 운동통합에도 영향을 미쳐 운동기능의 향상을 기대할 수 이을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.689-695
• /
• 2015

The offshore plant crews that were commissioned in the commercial startup phase boarded the offshore plant in two shifts until the end of the project. The crews who were hired by the owner side stayed in the original offshore plant during the project. However, most of the offshore plant commissioned members who were dispatched from the shipyard were accommodated in the offshore accommodation barge. For this reason, they were exposed to many accidents since there are a lot of people staying in a small space. This study suggested a method for improving survival rate at offshore accommodation barge in terms of life safety. It is assumed that the fire accident among unfortunate events which take place in the offshore accommodation barge mainly occurred. So, this study analyzed the safety evacuation for offshore plant employees using fire simulation model based on both domestic and international law criteria. In particular, When fire occurs in the offshore accommodation barge, the periodically well trained crews are followed safety evacuation procedure. whereas many employees who have different background such as various occupations, cultural differences, races and nationality can be commissioned with improper evacuation behaviors. As a result, the risk will be greater than normal situation due to these inappropriate behaviors. Therefore, This study analyzed the Required Safe Escape Time (RSET) and Available Safe Escape Time (ASET). Also it was suggested the improvement of structure design and additional arrangement of safety equipment to improve the survival rate of the residents in offshore accommodation barge.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.249-258
• /
• 2007

In this study, the EPDM powder which was surface activated by high temperature and shear pulverization process was prepared and the mechanical properties and odor material analysis were investigated. Analysis for particle size and size distribution of waste of the EPDM powder has been performed. The waste EPDMs used in this study were 4 types of solid, sponge, solid+sponge, and solid+metal. According to the results, the solid type showed the smallest particle size among the 4 types of EPDM powder. Effective surface devulcanization of EPDM powder could be obtained by the addition of the reclaiming agent. The dicumyl peroxide was considered as the best crosslink agent for dynamic vulcanization when the surface activated EPDM powder was blended with polyolefin in order to make TPE. Also, the optimum amounts of DCP was 6 phr in terms of surface crosslink reaction and mechanical properties of EPDM powder. The processes of water adsorption and rose oil addition were employed to remove the odor of EPDM powder caused by reclaiming agent. The GC/MS was used to analyze the odor compounds.