• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2023

The extended use of polyester nowadays has increased the amount of waste polyester (PET) released into the environment. Although these materials don't directly harm living things or the ecosystem, their inability to biodegrade remains one of the major global threats, driving up the amount of solid waste made up of PET. Environmental concerns have approved an increasing interest in recycled PET however the production of recycled PET with sufficient mechanical properties is still a challenge. Recycled Polyester (rPET) yarns are inexpensive and have the potential to acquire better mechanical characteristics through physical treatments, particularly by using technically simple method like uniaxial drawing. This study inspected the drawn behavior of virgin PET yarns and rPET yarns under various drawing parameters by first analyzing the initial material characteristics of both yarn. The impact of stretching on mechanical and morphological properties was also investigated. The results showed that virgin PET has better properties than rPET yarn; however, mechanical properties resembling virgin PET are achieved after optimizing the draw ratio.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2015

To establish the optimal conditions for the manufacture of high absortive cellulose film(CF) originated from Styela clava tunic(SCT), the physicochemical properties included absorption was measured in CFs prepared under the various conditions. The highest absorption was observed for SCT-CF20 prepared from the cellulose solution dissolved at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20min, although the filtration treatment did not induce any significance alteration. Also, the absorption was higher in SCT-CF20-F prepared by the freeze drying than SCT-CF20-N(ambient air drying) and SCT-CF20-H(heat drying). The addition of porogen($NaHCO_3$) induced an increase of absorption in SCT-CF20-PF relative to SCT-CF20-F, while the number of interconnected porous structures was enhanced in SCT-CF20-PF. Furthermore, a high level of SK-MEL-2 cells viability was observed in SCT-CF20-PN and SCT-CF20-PF cultured group. These results show that SCT-CF may have high absorption and biocompatibility when prepared from SCT cellulose solution dissolved at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20min after addition of porogen and then subjected to freeze drying.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2005

This study was conducted to remove the dyes in dye wastewater by the chemical precipitation or biological treatment which are one of the main pollutants in dye wastewater. In order to remove the disperse dyes effectively in aqueous solution by chemical precipitation process, coagulation and flocculation tests were carried out using several coagulants on various reaction conditions. It was found that the Ferrous sulfate was the most effective coagulant for the removal of disperse dye(DB79), and we could get the best result for the removal of disperse dye(DB56) in the aspects of TOC removal efficiency and sludge yield. When the Ferrous sulfate dosage was 800mg/l, the sludge settling velocity was very fast$(SV_{30}=4\%)$, and the color was effectively removed in the disperse dye(DB79) solution. Although the color removal was ineffective when the Alum was used as a coagulant, the sludge yield decreased in comparison with the Ferrous sulfate or the Ferric sulfate being used in the disperse dye(DB56) solution. In order to decolorize disperse dye(DR17) by using biological treatment process, a strain which has potential ability to degrade disperse dyes was isolated from natural system. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and pH were found to be $40^{\circ}C\;and\;8.5\~9$, respectively. When yeast extract was mixed with polypeptone at the mixing ratio of 1:1 as a nitrogen source, decolorization efficiency was highest$(93\%)$ among the nitrogen sources. The strain screened was excellent to adjust to pH, and it seems to have ability to control pH needed to growth. The optimal culture conditions in concentration of $MgSO_{4.}\cdot7H_2O\;and\;KH_2PO_4$ were $0.1\%(w/v)\;and\;0.2\%(w/v)$, respectively. Strains degrading and decolorizing reactive dyes, RB198 and RR141 which were isolated from water system, are named RBK1 and RRK. And the cell growth characteristics of RBK1 and RRK were investigated. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and pH were found to be 30t' and 7.0, respectively. Optimum nitrogen source was peptone, and it was found that decolorization efficiencies by strains RBK1 and RRK, were $85\%\;and\;62\%$, respectively, with introduction of 4,000mg/l of peptone. In the case of RBK1, color removal efficiencies were very high below 400mg/l. Decolorization efficiency was over $90\%$ at 20hours of culture time. The Color degradation ability of RRK was lower than that of RBK1.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1989

In past, dye diffusion and dyeing rate in fibers have been emphasized in dyeing phenomena. However, in the light of the properties of colloids in the surface of disperse phase and dispersion, there exist specific characters such as adsorption or electric double layer, which seems to play important roles in determining the physiochemical properties in the dyeing system. Electrostatic bonding, hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals adsorption are common in dyeing as well as covalent bonding. Particularly, electrostatic bonding is premised on the existance of ionic radicals in fibers. The present study was aimed to clarify the electrokinetic phenomena of dyeing through the role of electric double layer by ion in amphoteric fibers with different ionic effects under different pH. Spectrophotometric analysis method was used to compare dyeing condition of surface, which can be detected by electrokinetic phenomena and the inner of fibers after deceleration of dyed fibers. Nylon and wool, the typical amphoteric fibers were dyed with monoazo acid dyes such as C.I. Acid Orange 20, and C.I. Acid Orange 10. Various combinations were prepared by combining pH, temperature and dye concentration, in order to generate streaming electric potential which were measured by microvolt meter and specific conductivity meter. The results were transformed to zeta potential by Helmholtz-Smoluchowski formular and to surface electric charge density by Suzawa formular, surface dye amount, and effective surface area of fibers. The amount of dyes of inner fibers were also measured by the Lambert-Beer’s law. The main results obtained are as follows. 1. By measuring zeta pontential, it was possible to detect the dyeing mechanism, surface charge density, surface dye amount and effective surface area concerning dye adsorption of the amphoteric fibers. 2. Zeta pontential increases in negative at low pH and high dye concentration in the process of dyeing. This implied that there existed ionic bond formation in the dyeing mechanism between acid dyes and amphoteric fibers. 3. Dibasic acid dye had little changing rate in zeta potential due to the difference in solubility of dye and in number of dissociated ions per dye molecule to bond with amino radicals of amphoteric fibers. The dye adsorption of mono basic acid dye was higher than that of dibasic acid dye. 4. The effective surface areas concerning dyeing were $6.3E+05\;cm^2/g$ in nylon, $1.6E+07\;cm^2/g$ in wool fiber being higher order of wool then nylon.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2016

Improvement of heat sink technology related to the continuous implementation performance and extension of device-life in circumstance of easy heating and more compact space has been becoming more important issue as multi-functional integration and miniaturization trend of electronic gadgets and products has been generalized. In this study, it purposed to minimize of decline of the heat diffusivity by gluing polymer through compounding of inorganic particles which have thermal conductive properties. We used NH-9300 as base resin and used inorganic fillers such as silicon carbide(SiC), aluminum nitride(AlN), and boron nitride(BN) to improve heat diffusivity. After making film which was made from 100 part of acrylic resin mixed hardener(1.0 part more or less) with inorganic particles. The film was matured at $80^{\circ}C$ for 24h. Diffusivity were tested according to sorts of particles and density of particles as well as size and structure of particle to improve the effect of heat sink in view of morphology assessing diffusivity by LFA(Netzsch/LFA 447 Nano Flash) and adhesion strength by UTM(Universal Testing Machine). The correlation between diffusivity of pure inorganic particles and composite as well as the relation between density and morphology of inorganic particles has been studied. The study related morphology showed that globular type had superior diffusivity at low density of 25% but on the contarary globular type was inferior to non-globular type at high density of 80%.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2018

Cellulose has been widely applied into various medical fields including scaffolding, tissue engineering and tissue formation. In this study, we manufactured cellulose medical fiber from Styela clava tunics(SCT-CS) and analyzed the tensile strength, elongation at break, fluid uptake and surface morphology. And then, the biocompatibility and toxicity of SCT-CS were measured in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats after the implantation for 30, 60 and 90 days. The level of tensile strength and fluid uptake were lower in SCT-CS than chromic catgut(CCG), while elongation at break level were maintained the higher in SCT-CS. Also, the roughness with pronounced surface patterns as a result of in vivo degradation was significantly greater in CCG than this of SCT-CS although these levels gradually appeared with time in both groups. After implantation for 90 days, SCT-CS and CCG was successfully implanted around muscle of thigh without any significant immune response. Furthermore, no significant alterations were measured in serum parameters and the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds for liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, these results suggest that SCT-CS showing good biocompatibility and non-toxicity can be successfully prepared from cellulose powder of SCT as well as has the potential for use as a powerful biomaterial for medical sutures.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to eximine the effect of different yam twisting methods on mechanical properties and 3D CAD images of plain knitted fabrics made of composite yarns. Six yams were used in this study: four different composite yams of the six consist of acetate and functional polyester (Poly-m) with the ratio of 70:30, and the rest two are the original acetate $100\%$ yam and the poly-m $100\%$ yarn. The four kinds of composite yarns were processed in combinations of twisting processes such as interlacing, false twisting, two for one twisting, combined twisting and single covering, and the two original yams were knitted without any twisting process. Sixteen mechanical properties of all the six knitted fabrics, knitted under the same knitting conditions, were measured by KES-FB system with the outer knit condition. The results were as follows; 1) When the sample applied with the false twisting process at the temperature as high as $220^{\circ}C$, ENT, B, HB, G and RC values of samples increased which leads to increasing dimensional stability. 2) To gain the high bending and shear properties in the single covering process, selecting the core yarn with such properties is the most important factor. 3) Interlacing process effected to increase RC value. 4) False twisting process after interlacing process gave bulkiness and un-interlaced part in yam was increased SMD value. The SMD value of the kilted fabric of the composite yarn, which was put through the combined twist process, was higher than those of which simple process such as the two for one twist or the single covering process applied. In order to achieve the silk-like surface feel of knitted fabric, the sin91e covering process is recommended. 5) Examining the simulation images of the knifed fabrics of composite yarn, which were generated by the 3D CAD system based on the mechanical properties of the fabric, led that appearance could be changed as different twisting methods were applied.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.29-41
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• 1993

In order to surface Hydrophobilization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber samples were treated in the atmosphere of CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$glow discharge. The sample used in this study was PET film which is 75$\mu$m thick made by Teijin, O-Type(Japan). The cleaned samples were placed in plasma reactor made of pyrex glass cylinder, and plasma processing was carried out by glow discharge of CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ gas, being continuously fed by gas flow and continuously pumped out by a vacuum system. Electric power source for generate plasma state was sustained alternating current(60Hz) and voltage was sustained 600 volt. The duration of plasma treatment varied from 15 to 120 seconds except special case, the monomer gase pressure varied from 0.02 to 0.3 Torr and power range was 10 to 90 watts. The hydrophobic features of changed PET surface were evaluated by contact angle measurement and surface chemical characteristics were analyzed by ESCA. Results can be summerized as follows. 1. The most favorable setting position of substrate was the center area between the two electrodes. 2. $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ discharge current was lower than that of CF$_{4}$ when same voltage was sustained. Treated efficiency between CF$_{4}$ and $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ did not revealed significant differences under same electric power(wattage). 3. When monomer pressure is very low below 0.02 torr, as though substrate is exposed to CF$_{4}$ or $C_{2}$F$_{6}$ plasma, it tend to be hydrophilic through a little of fluorine bond and a great deal of oxidizing reaction. 4. There brought good hydrophobilization when monomer pressure was more 0.1 torr and duration of glow discharge treatment was over 45 seconds. When monomer pressure was too high, discharge current became low. Although prolong the duration, there was no more high hydrophobilization. 5. According to ESCA analysis, there were a little CF bond and a prevailing CF$_{2}$ bond in CF$_{4}$-treated substrate. There were CF$_{3}$, a little CF and a prevailing CF$_{2}$ bond in $C_{2}$F$_{6}$-treated substrate.d substrate.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Red pine (Pinus densiflora) is widely used traditional medicine, pharmacological and nutritional values from which the phytochemical compounds are derived. The present study was aimed to examine the antibacterial effects in the absence and presence of a immature red pine cone extract against 13 microorganisms. The components in the aqueous extract from immature red pine cone were identified by GC-MS. About 1.4% of total polyphenolic compound was measured in aqueous extract collected from immature red pine cone. Also, the high concentration of ${\beta}$-phellenandrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate and aldehyde was detected in total ion chromatograms. Of total 13 microorganisms, 4 microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia were effectively killed by aqueous extract of immature red pine cone. The highest anti-bacterial effect was detected in P. aeruginosa, followed by V. cholera, L. monocytogenes and K. pneumonia. In case of P. aeruginosa, the largest diameter of inhibition zone was maintained to 1/2 solution treated cells and slightly decreased at 1/4 and 1/8 solution treated cells. Also, in test used V. cholera and L. monocytogenes, the inhibition zone was strongly formed in only 1 and 1/2 solution treated cells, while K. pneumonia showed the very small diameter of inhibition zone in all concentrations. Therefore, these results suggested that the aqueous extracts of immature red pine cone should be considered as a new and potentially important anti-bacterial substrate to effectively prevent the microbial infection and penetration.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Super-hydrophobic surface, with a water contact angle greater than $150^{\circ}$, has a self cleaning effect termed 'lotus effect'. We introduced super-hydrophobicity onto aramid/rayon mixture fabric with dual-scale structure by assembling silica nano-sol. Mixture fabric was treated with silica nano-sol, fluoric polymer using various parameters such as particle size, concentration. Silica nano-sol size were measured using particle size analyzer. Morphological changes by particle size were observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), contact angle measurement equipment. The contact angle of water was about $134.0^{\circ}$, $137.0^{\circ}$, $143.0^{\circ}$, $139.5^{\circ}$ and $139.0^{\circ}$ for mixture fabric coated with 100.2nm, 313.7nm, 558.2nm, 628.5nm and 965.4nm silica nano-sol, compared with about $120.0^{\circ}$ for mixture fabric coated with fluoric polymer. When we mixed particle sizes of 100.2nm and 558.2nm by 7:3 volume ratio, the contact angle of water was about $146.2^{\circ}$. And we mixed particle sizes of 313.7nm and 558.2nm by 7:3 volume ratio, the contact angle of water was about $141.8^{\circ}$. Also we mixed particle sizes of 558.2nm and 965.4nm by 7:3 volume ratio, the best super-hydrophobicity was obtained. In this paper, we fabricated the water-repellent surfaces with various surface structures by using four types of silica nano-sol, and we found that the dual-scale structure was very important for the super-hydrophobicity.