• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1998

Reuse of wastewater become an important consideration to solve the environmental pollution problems in recent industriallzation and urbanization. Especially, he characteristic of dyeing process is subject to use much water and thus has serious problems for removal of color and organic pollutants in their wastewater. This report is divided into two main parts ： The purpose of the first part was to determine if alkaline wastewater discharged from textile dyeing operation factory could be flocculated directly by Fenton oxidation method. This study was conducted to investigate Fenton reagent dose and reaction condition of Fenton method as pretreatment for dyeing wastewater in K dyeing industry were investigated. In the second part of this research, to treat dyeing wastewater it was found that the most effective way is to use ultrafiltation and reverse osmosis at the conditions of the pH 7.0~8.0 and operating pressure of $2.5~35kg_f/cm^2$. This paper is mainly dealt with the application on reuse system of dyeing wastewater treatment using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. The results showed that dyeing wastewater could be reused by chemical, filter and membrane sequential treatment process.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1257-1269
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• 2012

The dyeing behaviors of berberine chloride, palmatine chloride hydrate, and Phellodendron bark extract on silk fabric were investigated to evaluate palmatine as another chromophoric substance of Phellodendron bark. The dyeing conditions were composed of combinations of pH (3, 5, 7, 9), temperature (10, 30, 55, $80^{\circ}C$), and time (10, 30, 60 min). The results indicate that palmatine was comparable to berberine in the dyeing behaviors tested for this study and the results were statistically significant. The dye exhaustion and dye uptake of palmatine-CH were slightly lower than berberine-C, which however were not statistically significant. Similar to berberine-C, palmatine-CH favored a pH 7 condition for both dye exhaustion and dye uptake. However, palmatine-CH favors a higher dyeing temperature and longer dyeing time than berberine-C for superior dyeing results.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.324-334
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• 2012

In this research, the dyeing properties of $Lycopus$ $lucidus$ Turcz on cotton and silk fabrics were evaluated to establish a scientific database of natural dyes. The optimum dyeing conditions were identified with K/S values depending on the dyeing concentration, temperature, time, and pH. For the optimum conditions, the color changes for different synthetic mordants were observed as L, $a^*$, $b^*$ and H, V, C. The color fastness after dyeing and mordanting was also examined. Additionally, the antibiosis of $Lycopus$ $lucidus$ Turcz was examined. The results were as follows: For the cotton, the optimized dyeing conditions were 300% (o.w.f.), $50^{\circ}C$, 40 min., and pH 5. For the silk fabric, the conditions were 450% (o.w.f.), $70^{\circ}C$, 60 min., and pH 4. The K/S value of dyed cotton improved about 1.03-2.78 folds after mordanting. The fabric color was yellow in the absence of mordanting, while it was reddish yellow after post-mordanting with FFC. Although the color changed with the mordanting method and mordant, the overall hue was yellow. Thus, $Lycopus$ $lucidus$ Turcz appears to have the potential for use as a natural dyeing material for a yellow hue. The K/S value of the dyed silk fabric improved about 1.05-1.40 folds after mordanting. The fabric showed a reddish yellow color when pre-mordanted with Al and Cu. The washing and dry-cleaning fastness of the cotton and silk fabrics were at the 4-5 level. The light fastness of the cotton improved after mordanting; however, pre-mordanting was more effective than post-mordanting or the absence of mordanting. The dyed cotton, silk fabrics showed excellent antibiosis.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.540-556
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• 2014

This research investigated the effective conditions to dye cotton with commercial indigo leaf powder. We tested dyeing conditions of: pH of dyebath (6.5, 9-12), heating ($20^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$), ageing (0, 0.5, 1, 4, 24 hours), reduction time (0, 30, 60 min), and dyeing temperature ($2^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$), dyeing was conducted for 20 minutes. The highest K/S value was obtained when cotton was dyed using pH 11 dyebath, heated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, aged for 24 hours at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$), reduction carried out for 30 minutes, and dyed at $50^{\circ}C$. It is proposed that the K/S value is primarily influenced by the dyebath pH and dyeing temperature, followed by the presence or absence of ageing time and reduction time. The color of cotton with high K/S values was B type by Munsell hue value, which was similar to the color obtained in previous studies by freshly made indigo leaf powder and indigo leaf juice. The results indicate that the dyeing conditions established in this research are suitable to maximize the dyeability of commercial indigo leaf powder and that the indigo leaf powder can be used as a substitute for fresh indigo leaf juice.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1205-1219
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• 2010

This study analyzes the conditions and products of internet shopping malls that sell natural dyeing products. In this study, 98 natural dyeing internet shopping malls were selected. The results of this study are as follows. The locations of the internet shopping malls were Gyeonggi-do, Seoul, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gwang-ju (city), Daegu (city), Busan (city), Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do. The most frequent dyes of the natural dyeing products were loess, followed by charcoal, indigo, and persimmon. Indigo was most frequently used in Seoul, with loess and charcoal most frequent in Gyeonggi-do. Persimmon, indigo, loess, and charcoal were mainly used in Jeollanam-do, with persimmon and loess in the Gyeongsangbuk-do, and persimmon in Jeju-do. The highest ordered product categories were accessories, followed by adult clothing, interior decoration products, and bedding. The most frequent products were bedclothes, followed by scarves, female shirts, blouses, pillows, female jackets, and vests. Regarding the price of products, 150,000-200,000 won was the highest for the Saenghwal Hanbok, with 10,000-30,000 won for underwear, 30,000-60,000 won for accessories, and 100,000-150,000 won for bedding. Concerning product information, 58.2% of internet shopping malls offer the product size and almost half of them did not show the properties or directions for handling the product. Based on the research results, the problems of the conditions and products of natural dyeing internet shopping mall were derived. The results show that the natural dyes of internet shopping malls lacked regional symbolism, the products were not specialized, and product information was not fully offered to consumers. To solve these problems, the strategies for marketing the promotion of the natural dyeing internet shopping mall were, ‘Using natural dyes from local resources’, ‘Market oriented and specialized item design’, and ‘Offer right product information’.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeability of silk fabrics with sweet potato stem leaf extract. To obtain the optimal dyeing conditions it was examined at various dyeing conditions(temperature, pH, time and bath ratio). The dyeability and the depths of shade which were evaluated in terms of K/S and CIELAB color difference values of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were also investigated. After dyeing, various color fastness(wash fastness, dry cleaning fastness, light fastness, rub fastness, and perspiration fastness) was measured and reviewed for UV protective, deodorant and antimicrobial functionality. The optimun output, as a result, was shown at 100% of dye concentration, $90^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature and 80 minutes of dyeing time while in terms of dye uptake depending on the kind of mordants and mordanting, it was found that among four mordants of $Alk(SO_4)_2$, $CuSO_4$, $SnCl_2$, and $FeSO_4$, post-mordanting with $SnCl_2$ showed the best results. Color fastness to dry cleaning, washing and rubbing was found strong at grade 4-5 and the grade to perspiration was as good as 3 while to light fastness was good at 4 as well. In aspects of functional properties, it showed excellent results of 98.3% UV protection rate and 88% deodorization rate. Antibacterial activity was 99.9% against staphylococcus aureus and 73.3% against klebisella pneumoniae. In conclusion, we validated that the dyestuffs from the disused sweet potato stem leaf extract would be useful as a natural dye material using the optimized conditions and dyeability for silk dyeing.

• 화훼연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2010

본 실험은 절화장미 중 만개시의 꽃의 크기, 밀집도, 개화 시 꽃의 모양, 꽃잎의 단아함, 염색 시 색발현 등이 양호한 'Akito' 품종을 대상으로 단색염색을 위한 최적조건을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 염료용액의 pH가 3.5, 염료의 온도가 $20-25^{\circ}C$일 때 염료의 착색과 흡수속도가 가장 빨랐으며 절화수명 또한 15일로 가장 길었다. 염색을 위한 꽃의 개화 정도는 꽃잎이 3장 이상 핀 상태인 2~3단계에서 Pantone color, 염색 후 꽃의 품질및 절화수명이 양호하였다. 염색액의 처리 시 실내온도는 $10^{\circ}C$의 비교적 저온에서 흡수가 양호하였다. 염색용액의 농도는 $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리했을 때 가장 선명한 색상을 나타내었으며 염색액의 흡수를 촉진시키기 위한 전착제 처리는 $2mL{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 사용하는 것이 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1998

Colorants were prepared by extraction of natural indigo which was harvested just in the blooming season(in the late of July). 100 g of fresh leaves soaking in 1 ιwater was kept at 3$0^{\circ}C$, 30 hours. A solution of 3g/l calcium hydroxide was added into it to precipitate dye substance and it was freezing-dried into powder form. The fermentation and dyeing conditions were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows; K/S value of dyed silk fabrics of fermentation conditions was higher at 95$^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. than at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours. Furthermore, K/S value of dyed silk fabric was raised by the addition of 5g/l of glucose and 5g/l of NaOH. K/S value of dyed silk fabric was raised by the addition of 5g/l of glucose and 5g/l of NaOH. K/S value increased as extending of dyeing time when dyed till 2 hours at 3$0^{\circ}C$. K/S value decreased in order of 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$, at the various dyeing temperatures and dyeing concentrations, and colour fastness ranged from 4 to 5 grade in terms of washing, perspiration and light fastness.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2004년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.473-477
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• 2004

양이온화 처리에 의한 면직물의 홍차색소에 대한 염색성을 향상시키고 그 유효성을 밝히고자 양이온화제 처리조건이 염착량에 미치는 영향, 염색조건이 양이온화제 처리직물의 염착량에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 세탁, 땀, 마찰 및 일광견뢰도를 측정하였다. 면직물은 양이온화제 전처리에 의해 염착량이 현저하게 증가하였으며, Langmuir 등온흡착곡선을 보여 주로 이온 결합에 의해 염착이 됨을 알수 있었다. 또한 면직물에 대한 홍차색소의 시간에 따른 염착량은 40분간의 염색으로 빠르게 평형염착이 이루어졌으며, 온도와 pH에 따른 염착량은 10$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5에서 최대염착량을 보였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2020

Unlike synthetic dyes, natural dyes do not affect the human body or create atmosphere pollution that are also mothproof, antibiotic and sterilized. This study examined the changes in dye adsorption properties according to mordant types and mordanting method to qualify trends using sage and rosemary extracts. Dyeability of sage extract is often similar to rosemary extract regardless of dyeing conditions. Dyeing properties of herb colorants on cotton, silk and wool fiber and effect of dyeing conditions on dye uptake were also compared. Dyed fabric showed a yellowish color and the dyeing affinity was somewhat good with rosemary extract. The surface color of the dyed fabrics was darkened by mordant treatment. The K/S value of herb colorants of protein fiber was higher than cellulose fiber. The concentration of mordant having the highest dyeing affinity was different from the mordant type. Regardless of the type of fiber, the K/S value of premordanting was the highest in mordanting method, and the K/S value of simultaneous mordanting indicated no noticeable mordant effect. The fastness of washing of silk fabric was reduced the most by mordant treatment. The lightfastness was reduced in Al mordant treatment regardless of the type of fiber. The lightfastness of wool increased somewhat by mordant treatment.