• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the freezing and thawing properties of the high strength concrete using recycled coarse aggregate. The recycled coarse aggregate replaced natural crushed aggregate by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The compressive strength of the concrete using recycled coarse aggregate showed more than 300 kgf/$cm^2$ at the curing age 28 days. The mass loss ratio by freezing and thawing was less than 1% at all mix type. The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was decreased with increasing the freezing and thawing cycles. Also, the durability factor by the freezing and thawing was decreased with increasing the content of recycled coarse aggregate. But, the recycled concrete except 100% recycled coarse aggregate showed 60 or more durability factor in the freezing and thawing 300 cycles. Accordingly, these recycled coarse aggregate can be used for high strength concrete.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.29-43
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• 1999

The effects of superplasticizers on fresh and hardened concrete were investigated. The experimental program included tests on the workability and slump loss, bleeding, setting time, air content, compressive, tensile and flexural strength, permeability, shrinkage, freeze-thaw durability and creep deformation. Properties of superplasticized concrete were compared with those of conventional and base concretes. Superplasticizers were observed to have an appreciable fluidifying action in fresh concrete. They permitted a significant water reduction while maintaining the same workability. Bleeding of superplasticized concrete was much lower than that of conventional concrete of the same consistency. This indicates that the use of superplasticizers did not affect the tendency of segregation of fresh concrete. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of superplasticized concrete were significantly higher than those of conventional concrete. The permeability and drying shrinkage and creep of superplasticized concrete were less than those of conventional concrete, but there were no significant differences between base and superplasticized concrete. Compared with base concrete, non-air-entrained superplasticized concrete had slightly higher freeze-thaw durability. and superplasticized concrete with an appropriate amount of entrained air Eave even better resistance to freezing and thawing.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.461-464
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• 2006

Recently, as structures become bigger and higher, it is needed that high strength, high flow and high durability concrete. Demanding of High performance concrete that equality is maintained without material separation while flow, strength is increased by using low W/C rate and admixture, carbonation does not occur because of dense filling and has high durability is increasing rapidly. Because this high performance concrete is superior to general concrete in workability and durability, it is widely used in many construction and engineering works fields. However, it is reported that when it was exposed in fire, violent explosive spalling would be happened. Therefore, the purpose of this study evaluates explosive spalling properties of fire damaged high performance concrete according to the heating time.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.149-150
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• 2023

Although concrete is a material widely used in the construction industry, it is very vulnerable to cracking and has a disadvantage in that durability deteriorates when cracks occur. When cracks occur, harmful factors are introduced through the micro-cracks of the structure, reducing durability. Therefore, in this study, as part of a study to alleviate the problems of maintenance and durability deterioration due to cracks in concrete structures, the mechanical properties of self-healing mortar according to the size of the capsule made of cement material were reviewed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2016

실내실험으로서 화쇄류 퇴적물의 기초물성을 평가하고, 화쇄류 퇴적물의 혼입율에 따른 콘크리트의 굳지않은 성상 및 강도특성을 평가했다. 그 후, 실기 플랜트 제조실험을 실시해 화쇄류 퇴적물 혼입 콘크리트의 굳지않은 성상, 강도특성, 수축 특성 및 내구특성에 대해 검토했다. 그 결과, 화쇄류 퇴적물의 혼입에 의한 유해한 알칼리 실리카 반응은 발생하지 않았다. 더불어, 화쇄류 퇴적물에 의해 장기재령에 있어서의 강도향상 등의 포졸란 반응의 효과를 기대할 수 있다고 판단된다. 실기 플랜트 제조실험에 있어서도 화쇄류 퇴적물 혼입에 의한 공기량의 변화나 현저한 슬럼프 로스는 발생하지 않았고, 실기 플랜트로의 제조도 아무런 문제는 없다고 판단된다. 한편, 화쇄류 퇴적물을 혼입한 콘크리트의 강도특성, 수축특성 및 내구특성은 보통 콘크리트와 비교해서 동일한 수준으로 평가되었으며, 화쇄류 퇴적물을 혼입한 콘크리트의 경우, 콘크리트의 적절한 온도관리나 적절한 양생방법을 강구하는 것으로 건설재료 분야에 보다 유효하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2017

고로슬래그는 제철과정에서 생산되는 산업부산물로써, 냉각방법에 따라 서냉슬래그와 급냉슬래그로 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 결합재로써 서냉슬래그를 시멘트에 대하여 부분 대체(0, 5, 10, 20, 30 및 40%)하여 삼성분계 시멘트 콘크리트 공시체를 제조하였으며, 강도, 흡수율, 투수공극량 등 콘크리트의 역학적 특성뿐 만 아니라, 염소이온 침투저항성, 탄산화 저항성 등 콘크리트의 내구성능을 실험적으로 평가함으로써, 서냉슬래그의 콘크리트용 혼화재료로써 적용 가능성에 대하여 고찰하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 실험결과로부터, 서냉슬래그를 약 10% 대체할 경우, 콘크리트의 성능은 만족할 만한 수준의 성능을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나, 서냉슬래그를 30% 이상 사용한 콘크리트는 결정질의 AS가 다량 대체됨으로 인하여 수화반응 및 포졸란 반응 등 결합재의 경화반응이 상대적으로 지연된 탓으로 인하여 역학적 성능 및 내구성이 다소 떨어지는 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서, AS를 콘크리트용 결합재로 적용하기 위한 최적 대체율이 존재하는 것으로 나타났으며, 건설재료의 경제적 및 환경적 관점에서 AS를 약 10% 정도까지 적용할 경우, 구조용 콘크리트 재료로써 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

최근 투명전극으로 주로 사용되고 있는 ITO 재료를 대체하가 위해 CNT를 이용한 투명전극의 활용 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 건조온도에 따라 CNT와 ITO의 응집이 일어나는 정도가 달라진다는 점을 이용하여 표면을 조절하여 CNT 및 ITO가 코팅된 폴리에틸렌 테레프탈레이트 (PET)를 제조하였다. CNT를 ITO를 대신할 투명전극으로의 활용 가능성을 평가하면서, 표면의 물성 변화를 유도 하기 위해 코팅 후 건조온도를 $20^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, 그리고 $120^{\circ}C$ 3단계로 나누어 표면을 관찰하였다. 전기저항측정법을 활용하여 재료의 내구성 및 전기적 물성을 평가함으로써 제조한 투명전극의 특성을 평가하였다. 전자현미경을 이용하여 건조온도에 따른 표면 변화를 관찰하였고, UV-스펙트럼을 통해 건조온도가 증가함에 따라 투과도가 변화하는 것을 확인하였다. 나노입자의 코팅 표면 조절에 따른 전기적 물성 변화를 확인하기 위해 순환전압전류법을 이용 하였다. CNT 코팅 표면의 내구성이 ITO 코팅 표면의 내구성보다 우수함을 알았다. 그리고, 건조온도가 높을수록 나노입자들의 응집이 크게 증가 하여 내구성이 우수한 코팅 표면을 만들며, 이에 따른 전기적 물성의 향상도 확인하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2022

For producing cement and concrete, the construction field has been encouraged by the usage of industrial soil waste (or) secondary materials since it decreases the utilization of natural resources. Simultaneously, for ensuring the quality, the analyses of the strength along with durability properties of that sort of cement and concrete are required. The prediction of strength along with other properties of High-Performance Concrete (HPC) by optimization and machine learning algorithms are focused by already available research methods. However, an error and accuracy issue are possessed. Therefore, the Enhanced Deep Neural Network (EDNN) based strength along with durability prediction of HPC was utilized by this research method. Initially, the data is gathered in the proposed work. Then, the data's pre-processing is done by the elimination of missing data along with normalization. Next, from the pre-processed data, the features are extracted. Hence, the data input to the EDNN algorithm which predicts the strength along with durability properties of the specific mixing input designs. Using the Switched Multi-Objective Jellyfish Optimization (SMOJO) algorithm, the weight value is initialized in the EDNN. The Gaussian radial function is utilized as the activation function. The proposed EDNN's performance is examined with the already available algorithms in the experimental analysis. Based on the RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R² metrics, the performance of the proposed EDNN is compared to the existing DNN, CNN, ANN, and SVM methods. Further, according to the metrices, the proposed EDNN performs better. Moreover, the effectiveness of proposed EDNN is examined based on the accuracy, precision, recall, and F-Measure metrics. With the already-existing algorithms i.e., JO, GWO, PSO, and GA, the fitness for the proposed SMOJO algorithm is also examined. The proposed SMOJO algorithm achieves a higher fitness value than the already available algorithm.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.141-157
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• 2023

In the present paper, the effect of recycled aggregates on the rheological and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete is investigated experimentally and numerically. Hence, the specimen with two types of recycled aggregates, i.e., known and unknown resistance origins, are utilized for the studied specimens. The experiments in this study are designed using the Box-Behnken method, which is one of the response surface methods. Input variables in mixtures include silica fume in the range of 5-15% as a percentage substitute for cement weight and recycled coarse and fine aggregates in the range of 0-50% for both series of recycled materials as a substitute for natural materials. The studied responses are slump flow, V funnel, compressive strength, tensile strength, and durability. The results indicate that the increase in the amount of recycled aggregates reduces the rheological and mechanical properties of the mixtures, while silica fume effectively improves the mechanical properties. In addition, the results demonstrate that the fine recycled aggregates affect the total response of the concrete significantly. The results of tensile and compressive strengths indicate that the mixtures including 50% recycled materials with known resistance origin demonstrate better responses up to 8 and 10% compared to the materials with unknown resistance origins, respectively. Recycled materials with a specific resistance origin also show better results than recycled materials with an unknown resistance origin. Durability test results represent those concretes containing recycled coarse aggregates have lower strength compared to recycled fine aggregates. Also, a series of mathematical relationships for all the responses are presented using variance analysis to predict mixtures' rheological and mechanical properties.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.785-801
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• 2017

Biopolymer treatment of geomaterials to develop sustainable geotechnical systems is an important step towards the reduction of global warming. The cutting edge technology of biopolymer treatment is not only environment friendly but also has widespread application. This paper presents the strength and slake durability characteristics of biopolymer-treated sand sampled from Al-Sharqia Desert in Oman. The specimens were prepared by mixing sand at various proportions by weight of xanthan gum biopolymer. To make a comparison with conventional methods of ground improvement, cement treated sand specimens were also prepared. To demonstrate the effects of wetting and drying, standard slake durability tests were also conducted on the specimens. According to the results of strength tests, xanthan gum treatment increased the unconfined strength of sand, similar to the strengthening effect of mixing cement in sand. The slake durability test results indicated that the resistance of biopolymer-treated sand to disintegration upon interaction with water is stronger than that of cement treated sand. The percentage of xanthan gum to treat sand is proposed as 2-3% for optimal performance in terms of strength and durability. SEM analysis of biopolymer-treated sand specimens also confirms that the sand particles are linked through the biopolymer, which has increased shear resistance and durability. Results of this study imply xanthan gum biopolymer treatment as an eco-friendly technique to improve the mechanical properties of desert sand. However, the strengthening effect due to the biopolymer treatment of sand can be weakened upon interaction with water.