• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.710-713
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• 2017

This study evaluates the ability of corn silk (Zea mays L.) extract to function as a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic therapeutic agent. The anti-inflammatory effects of corn silk were evaluated by measuring the inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) and production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$. Anti-atopic effects were assessed by measuring the repression of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). These results indicated that NICS-1 (corn silk ethanol extract) and NICS-3 (high maysin corn silk ethanol extract) functioned as anti-inflammatory agents by down-regulating LPS-induced NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. Additionally, two extracts showed weak repression of TARC expression levels in tumor necrosis factor TNF-${\alpha}$ plus IFN-${\gamma}$ induced HaCaT cells, respectively. These results suggest that corn silk extracts have anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic activities, and thus have the potential to reduce and alleviate the symptoms associated with atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.423-429
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effects of adding sea mustard Undaria pinnatifida glycoprotein to the diet of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus on its growth, and levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), and interleukins. Three experimental diets (U0, U0.5, and U1.0) were formulated that contained different amounts of an extract of U. pinnatifida (0, 0.5, and 1.0%, respectively). Experimental groups were established in triplicate (30 fish/group) and fed for 12 weeks. The experimental group fed 1.0% added U. pinnatifida glycoprotein had the greatest rate of weight gain, which differed significantly from the other experimental groups. SDS-PAGE of the plasma IGF-I and muscle protein showed that the experimental groups taking U. pinnatifida glycoprotein had significantly more IGF-I and a ca. 200 kDa protein, as compared to the control group. In addition, the amount of IGFBP-3 at ca. 43 kDa increased in the group given the U. pinnatifida extract, as compared to the control group. The interluekin-2, -4, -6, and -12 levels paralleled the level of growth factor in the groups given the U. pinnatifida extract. In conclusion, supplementing the diet of olive flounder with U. pinnatifida glycroprotein improved its growth and immunity.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.573-586
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate characteristics of Chrysanthemum sp. and to bioassay Tetranychus urticae, Nilaparvata lugens, and Aphis gossypii by different extracts part and method. Flower type of Chrysanthemum sp. line was anemone except 0706 line which was pompon. The flowering date was from April to June but 0721 line kept up November. They could overwinter except 0706 line. The Ethanol extracts of 0718 line of flower was high mortality as 63.8% on Tetranychus urticae. Ethanol mixed emulsifier extracts were the highest mortality as 69.4% at 5 days after. Mortality in water extract was lower than in ethanol and ethanol mixed emulsifier extracts. Ethanol mixed emulsifier extracts were higher mortality as 69.4% at 5 days after in 0718 line on Nilaparvata lugens. Mortality in water extract was lower than in ethanol and ethanol mixed emulsifier extracts. On Aphis gossypii, Chrysanthemum flower extracts could decrease the density of aphids in early days but the density of that was increase as time goes by because aphids produce offspring.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) The antimicrobial activity of GFSE was strong enough against such bacteria as Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia sp. Growth of the above strains was inhibited by the GFSE'S concentration of 50 ppm. The growth of Vibrio vulnificus was completely inhibited by adding the 50 ppm GFSE to the nutrient broth medium with $3\%$ NaCl. The cell counts of Vibrio uulnfficus $5.2\times10^5$ at first in $5\%$ skim milk containing GFSE 0, 10, 30, 50 and 100 ppm were reduced to 35, 48, $5.6\times10^2,\;5.3\times10^3\;and\;9.6\times10^3/ml$ after 120 hours, respectively. And growth of Aspergillus Parasiticus, Asperillus versicolor, Penicillium funiculosum, Py-renochaeta terrestris and Trichoderma viride were inhibited by the concentration of GFSE 100, 50, 100, 10 and 30 ppm, respectively. The shelf life of Mulkimchi containing GFSE 50 and 100 ppm was 20 days longer than the control during storage at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

This study investigated the antioxidative effect of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) extracts in hairless mouse skin from oxidative stress induced by UV-irradiation. After topical application on hairless mouse back with basic skin lotion group (control), ascorbic acid group (AA-0.5%, AA-1.0%, AA-2.0%, and AA-5.0%), and mugwort extract group (ME-0.5%, ME-1.0%, ME-2.0%, and ME-5.0%), the animals were irradiated to increasing doses of UVB (60 $mJ{\sim}100$ mJ) for 4 weeks. Hydrogen peroxide of hairless mouse skin homogenate significantly decreased in 2% (p<0.05) and 5% (p<0.05) of ME and AA groups. Hydroxyl radicals were decreased significantly in both of 2% and 5% ME groups as compared to AA groups (p<0.05). Oxidative stress levels deduced by oxidized protein contents were greatly decreased ($14.6{\sim}18.5%$) in all ME treatment groups, while only at 2% of AA treatment group. Lipid peroxide contents were greatly inhibited in all ME and AA treatment groups (p<0.01). Application of ME significantly increased catalase activity, over 25% in all mugwort and AA groups. Glutathione peroxidase activities were increased up to $20.5%{\sim}32.8%$ in 2.0% and 5% ME groups, whereas it increased in all AA groups. These results suggested that mugwort extract was more effective than that of ascorbic acid in protecting hairless mouse skin from photo-irradiation, and can be used as an potential anti-aging cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 2007

The feeding effects of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) extracts (ME) on the anti-oxidative actions of ICR mouse skin was investigated. To study the antioxidative effects of ME on ICR mouse skin, female ICR mice were grouped into basic diet group (control), ascorbic acid diet group (AA-2.5, AA-5.0, AA-10.0 and AA-20.0 mg/kg BW/day) as a positive control and experimental diet group (mugwort extract; ME-25, ME-50, ME-100, and ME-200 mg/kg BW/day) and fed for 10 weeks. Protein contents in ME-50, ME-100, and ME-200 feeding group were increased ($3.1%{\sim}11.1%$) and hydroxyl radical contents were significantly decreased ($10.4%{\sim}17.4%$) compared to control group. Oxidative stress signals and oxidized protein contents were significantly reduced to the range of 15.3 to 17.1% in ME-100 and ME-200 groups. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased to the range of 15.0% to 23.3% in ME-100 and ME-200 groups. Catalase activities were significantly increased ($14.0%{\sim}36.9%$) in all groups in a dose-dependent pattern. Antioxidative ability of ME showed similarity to that of ascorbic acid.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2014

Sorghum has been consumed as one of the important staple food in the semiarid tropics of Africa and Asia. Sorghum is rich in starch, protein, essential vitamins and minerals and grows relatively well in dry climate regions when it compared with other staple food crops. Sorghum has taken an increased interest due to several studies that report about the beneficial effects of sorghum on human health. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative and activity of extract of milling by-products (hull and bran) of Korean sorghum cultivar, 'Hwanggeaumchal' as well as its grain. Hull extract showed the highest total polyphenol contents ($29.7{\pm}0.2mg\;GAE/100g$) and major four pigments content ($322.6{\pm}14.5mg/100g$). From results of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, hull extract ($IC_{50}$, $6.3{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/mL$) was also showed the strongest antioxidative effects. Bran and grain showed similar polyphenol, pigments contents and antioxidative effects. We determined cell viability by MTT assay and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity by measuring nitric oxide (NO) of hull, bran and grain methanol extract (0.5% HCl v/v) on RAW 264.7 cells. Hull extract treatment was significantly decreased NO production with dose-dependant manner. Apigeninidin as one of the major pigment of hull was showed inhibitory activity against NO production without cytotoxicitiy. Therefore, sorghum milling by-products can be used as a good source of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.965-971
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• 2008

The antioxidant activities of hot water and ethanol extracts from fresh, steamed and black garlic were compared. The levels of phenolic compounds of extracts from fresh, steamed and black garlic were $0.81{\sim}0.99\;mg$/100 g and their contents were not significantly different. The contents of flavonoids in ethanol extracts, $0.96{\pm}0.05{\sim}1.06{\pm}0.09\;mg$/100 g, was higher than hot water extracts. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in ethanol extract. Although the highest level was $69.40{\pm}0.13%$ in concentration of 10 mg/mL from black garlic ethanol extract, ethanol extracts showed $50.55{\pm}1.40%$ in concentration of 15 mg/mL. Reducing power was significantly higher in black garlic extract and higher in the order of black garlic> fresh garlic> steamed garlic in ethanol extract. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was higher in ethanol extract, showing over 60% in concentration of 5 mg/mL. In oil emulsion, TBA value was significantly lower in hot water extracts from black garlic, however ethanol extracts were not significantly different. TBA value of ethanol extract were $1.49{\pm}0.08{\sim}2.11{\pm}0.16\;MA\;mg/kg$ and $1.33{\pm}0.18{\sim}1.62{\pm}0.19\;MA\;mg/kg$ from steamed and black garlic, respectively. Antioxidant activity to the linoleic acid was $72.71{\pm}2.17{\sim}88.74{\pm}3.70%$ in 1-day storage, but its level was increased at 4-day storage to $86.67{\pm}3.76{\sim}92.50{\pm}0.87%$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1336-1342
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne (CS) on alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $135{\pm}10g$ were divided into 6 groups for 4 weeks; normal group (ND), alcohol (35%, 10 mL/kg/day) treated group (ET), CS ethanol extract 200 mg/kg/day treated group (ND-CSL), CS ethanol extract 400 mg/kg/day treated group (ND-CSH), CS ethanol extract 200 mg/kg/day and alcohol treated group (ET-CSL), and CS ethanol extract 400 mg/kg/day and alcohol treated group (ET-CSH). The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were no differences between ND and ET. There were increases in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in ET. On the other hand, the administration of CS decreased ALT, AST and ALP activities in serum. It was also observed that the hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and xanthine oxidase (XO) increased by alcohol treatment were also markedly decreased in the CS administered groups as compared with ET. The activities of hepatic SOD, catalase, GSH-Px and XO were riot significantly different among the normal diet groups. Contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased by the administration of alcohol, on the other hand, the administration of CS reduced TBARS value in the liver. In addition, the content of glutathione (GSH) in the liver was decreased by alcohol administration, however, GSH increased after administering CS. In conclusion, the administration of alcohol develops the hyperoxidation of liver lipids through tile increase in enzymes activity related to the lipid peroxiation, however, it was decreased after administring CS. Thus, CS may have a possible protective effect on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.476-483
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• 2005

This experiment was planned to develop a functional supplement by food resources to prevent and lessen the deleterious effects caused by environmental pollutants such as polluted food, air, water and heavy metals. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of peking-duck extracts supplemented with six kinds of medicinal herbs (DJ) on the intoxication of lead and mercury in rats. Sprague-Dawley rat weighing $150g\pm15g$ g, were randomly assigned to 5 groups, basal diet only (NCG), heavy metal without DJ injection (HCG), heavy metals and DJ (3 mg/mL) injection (HMLD), heavy metal and DJ (30 mg/mL) injection (HMMD), heavy metal and D] (300 mg/mL) injection (HMHD). Mecury (Hg) and lead (Pb) injected at the level of 50 ppm for 17 days. Also DJ oral feeding was continued for 31 days. The result of this study were as follows; Food intake and body weight gain in heavy metal administered groups were lower than those of control group (NCG). The activities of GOT, GPT and BUN level were significantly reduced in DJ-treated groups as compared to HCG. DJ was shown to suppress the accumulation of Hg and Pb in serum. The results suggest that DJ might have protective effect on Hg and Pb intoxication.