• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

This study evaluated the physical and optical characteristics of hydrophilic ophthalmic polymer with addition of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine in the basic hydrogel ophthalmic lens material, and in particular, the utility of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine as an ophthalmic contact lens material for ophthalmologic devices was investigated. In this study 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine were used as additives. For the preparation of hydrogel lens 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and a cross-linker EGDMA were copolymerized in the presence of AIBN as an initiator. The physical properties of the produced polymers were measured as followings. The refractive index of 1.433~1.393, water content of 35.95~53.16%, contact angle of $70.6{\sim}51.24^{\circ}$, UVB transmittance of 81.2~82.4%, UV-B transmittance of 81.2~82.4% and visible transmittance of 91.4~92.2% were obtained. Also, in case of protein absorption, the measurement showed that absorbance of Reference and MPC-10 sample was 0.2598 and 0.2250 respectively. Based on the results of this study, ophthalmic lens material containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine is expected to be used usefully as a material for high wettability and inhibitor of protein adsorption for ophthalmic hydrogel lens.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1985

여섯 종류의 호주산 밀을 이용하여 한국 재래식 건조 밀국수를 제조하여 조리특성과 관능적 품질을 비교 평가 하였다. 밀가루의 성질을 구체적으로 파악하기 위하여 글루텐과 전분으로 분획하여 전분의 유동특성을 규명하였다. 국수의 품질은 사용한 밀가루의 단백질 함량에 크게 영향을 받았으며 단백질 함량이 높을수록 국수를 삶는데 필요한 시간이 길어졌으며 삶은 국수의 층밀림 압축력이 커지며 외관은 불량하여 졌다. 단백질 함량이 10% 수준의 중력분을 나타내는 Western Australian wheat과 South Australian wheat가 한국 재래식 건조 밀국수의 제조에 가장 적당하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.33-33
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• 1995

Spermine이 녹화중인 녹두자엽의 엽록소-단백질 복합체(CPs) 및 틸라코이드막 단백질의 변화에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 녹화가 진행됨에 따라 Cps형성이 촉진되었으며, 특히 광계의 엽록소-단백질(CP I)이 다량 추척되었다. 광수화 엽록소 단백질(LHCP)은 48시간의 초기 녹화과정에서 중요한 단백질로 나타났다.Spermine처리는 초기녹화과정에서 틸라코이드막의 CPs 축척에 효과적이었다. 색소체막 단백질은 녹화과정에서 많은 변화를 나타내었는데, 56kD단백질은 전 엽록체체서 다량 관찰되었꼬 24kD 단백질은 전 처리구에서 뚜렷한 증가를 보여주었다.Spermine처리에 의해 틸라코이드막 단백질 형성은 대조구에 비해 다소 증가되었다. 이러한 결과들로부터 spermine은 녹화과정에서 색소체의 발달과 색소체막의 안정화에 중요한 작용을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2015

A $3{\times}3$ factorial study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth, feed utilization and innate immunity of red seabream Pagrus major. Nine diets consisting of three protein levels (42%, 46% and 50% crude protein) and three lipid levels (10%, 14% and 18% crude lipid) were formulated. Triplicate groups of red seabream were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation (5-6 times a day, from 08:00 to 18:00 h at 2-h intervals) for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed P46L14 (46% protein and 14% lipid), P50L10 (50% protein and 10% lipid) and P50L14 (50% protein and 14% lipid) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish fed P42L18 (42% protein and 18% lipid). The feed conversion ratios (FCR) of the fish were affected by dietary lipid levels (P<0.039), but not dietary protein levels. The FCR tended to increase with increasing dietary lipid levels from 10% to 18% with the 46% and 50% protein levels. The weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, feed intake and survival of fish were not affected by either dietary protein or lipid levels. Myeloperoxidase activity in the group fed P50L14 (50% protein and 14% lipid) was significantly higher than that in the group fed P42L10 (42% protein and 10% lipid) or P50L18 (50% protein and 18% lipid). However, the myeloperoxidase activity of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or lipid level. The fish fed P46L14 (46% protein and 14% lipid) and P46L18 (46% protein and 18% lipid) showed significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity than did the fish fed P46L10 (46% protein and 10% lipid), P50L10 (50% protein and 10% lipid) of P50L18 (50% protein and 18% lipid). In conclusion, the optimum protein and lipid levels for the growth and feed utilization of juvenile red seabream were 46% and 14%, respectively, and the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio was 27.4 g/MJ.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

오리 농법으로 재배되고 있는 논에 양파를 급여한 오리를 배치하여 38일간 사육한 생체중 1,500 g인 60수의 오리고기에 대한 이화학적 품질특성을 조사하였다. 처리구는 교잡종오리(청둥오리${\times}$집오리)를 3처리구로 나누어 20수씩 총 60수를 배치하였고, 시험사료는 대조구(C, 0%), 처리1구(Tl, 3%)및 처리2구(T2, 6%)로 나누었다. 시험에 공시된 시료는 4$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ 냉장고에서 12시간 보관한 후에 분석에 이용되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분 분석에서 가슴육은 양파의 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분, 조단백질, 조회분이 높았으나(p＜0.05), 조지방은 낮았다(p＜0.05). 다리육에서는 양파의 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분과 조단백질은 높았지만(p＜0.05), 조지방과 조회분은 낮았다(p＜0.05). pH는 양파의 첨가량이 증가할수록 가슴육은 낮았고(p<0.05), 다리육은 T1구가 가장 높았다(p＜0.05). 보수력(WHC)은 가슴육과 다리육에서 양파의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높았다(p＜0.05). 육색은 양파의 첨가량이 증가할수록 가슴육의 L＊값(백색도)은 낮았고(p＜0.05), b＊값(황색도)은 높았다(p＜0.05). 지방산조성에 있어서 단일불포화지방산(MUSFA)는 낮아졌지만(p＜0.05), 다가불포화지방산(PUSFA)과 필수지방산(EFA)는 양파의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 높았다(p＜0.05).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.246-257
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• 1998

Endocrine cells in the thymus of duck(Anas platyrhynchos platyrhyncos, Linne) were studied immunohistochemically from 23 days of incubation to 32 weeks of age. Somatostatin-, growth hormone(GH)-, gastrin/cholecystokinin(Gas/CCK)-, polypeptide YY(PYY)-, S-100 protein(S-100 P)-, dopamine-, serotonin(5-HT)-, and bovine chromogranin (BCG)-immunoreactive cells were detected in the duck thymus by the PAP techniques. These immunoreactive cells were observed in the medulla and in the juxtacortical medulla. No immunoreactivity of calcitonin and bovine pancreatic polypeptide(BPP) antiserum were observed. The argyrophil cells by Grimelius techniques were observed from 23 days of incubation to 32 weeks of age and peaked in 5 weeks of age. In the early develpmental stage, the argyrophil cells were distributed only in the medulla, while these cells were distributed mainly in the medulla and a few cells were distributed in the corticomedullary junction from 3 weeks of age. These immunoreactive cells were generally round, oval and elliptical and occasionally spindle, polygonal and polymorphous with the long cytopslasmic processes in shape. The present study suggests that the intrathymic endocrine cells may associate with the functional maturation of T-lymphocytes on the establishment of immunity. The further study will be needed to elucidate the function of these thymic endocrine cells.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2014

Duck feet gelatin (DFG) gel was added as a fat replacer to low-fat frankfurters and the effect of DFG on physicochemical, textural, and sensory characteristics of low-fat frankfurters was evaluated. DFG gel was prepared with a 20% duck feet gelatin concentration (w/w). Adding DFG decreased lightness and increased yellowness of the low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). However, DFG did not affect redness of low-fat frankfurters (p>0.05). The statistical results indicated that adding DFG improved cooking yield of low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). In addition, replacing pork back fat with DFG resulted in increased moisture content, protein content, and ash content of low-fat frankfurters, and the low-fat frankfurter formulated with 5% pork back fat and 15% DFG gel had the highest moisture content and lowest fat content (p<0.05). Adding of DFG increased all textural parameters including hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess of low-fat frankfurters (p<0.05). In terms of sensory properties, the low-fat frankfurter formulated with 5% pork back fat and 15% DFG gel showed similar satisfaction scores for the flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance when compared to the regular frankfurters (20% back fat). Therefore, our results suggest that DFG could be an effective novel source, as a fat replacer, for manufacturing of low-fat frankfurters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.920-929
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• 2017

Objective: The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ belonging specifically to avians. Recent studies had suggested that miRNAs were active regulators involved in the immune processes. This study was to investigate the possible differences of the BF at miRNA level between two genetically disparate duck breeds. Methods: Using Illumina next-generation sequencing, the miRNAs libraries of ducks were established. Results: The results showed that there were 66 differentially expressed miRNAs and 28 novel miRNAs in bursa. A set of abundant miRNAs (i.e., let-7, miR-146a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-17~92) which are involved in immunity and disease were detected and the predicted target genes of the novel miRNAs were associated with duck high anti-adversity ability. By gene ontology analysis and enriching KEGG pathway, the targets of differential expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in immunity and disease, supporting that there were differences in the BF immune functions between the two duck breeds. In addition, the metabolic pathway had the maximum enriched target genes and some enriched pathways that were related to cell cycle, protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. It indicted that the difference of metabolism may be one of the reasons leading the immune difference between the BF of two duck breeds. Conclusion: This data lists the main differences in the BF at miRNAs level between two genetically disparate duck breeds and lays a foundation to carry out molecular assisted breeding of poultry in the future.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1787-1799
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• 2022

Objective: Choline deficiency, one main trigger for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is closely related to lipid metabolism disorder. Previous study in a choline-deficient model has largely focused on gene expression rather than gene structure, especially sparse are studies regarding to alternative splicing (AS). In modern life science research, primary hepatocytes culture technology facilitates such studies, which can accurately imitate liver activity in vitro and show unique superiority. Whereas limitations to traditional hepatocytes culture technology exist in terms of efficiency and operability. This study pursued an optimization culture method for duck primary hepatocytes to explore AS in choline-deficient model. Methods: We performed an optimization culture method for duck primary hepatocytes with multi-step digestion procedure from Pekin duck embryos. Subsequently a NAFLD model was constructed with choline-free medium. RNA-seq and further analysis by rMATS were performed to identify AS events alterations in choline-deficency duck primary hepatocytes. Results: The results showed E13 (embryonic day 13) to E15 is suitable to obtain hepatocytes, and the viability reached over 95% by trypan blue exclusion assay. Primary hepatocyte retained their biological function as well identified by Periodic Acid-Schiff staining method and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity assay, respectively. Meanwhile, genes of alb and afp and specific protein of albumin were detected to verify cultured hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate purity of hepatocytes, presenting up to 90%. On this base, choline-deficient model was constructed and displayed significantly increase of intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol as reported previously. Intriguingly, our data suggested that AS events in choline-deficient model were implicated in pivotal biological processes as an aberrant transcriptional regulator, of which 16 genes were involved in lipid metabolism and highly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusion: An effective and rapid protocol for obtaining duck primary hepatocytes was established, by which our findings manifested choline deficiency could induce the accumulation of lipid and result in aberrant AS events in hepatocytes, providing a novel insight into various AS in the metabolism role of choline.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2009

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the soybean meal as a substitute for the fish meal in diet (experiment I), and experimental practical diet and commercial diet (experiment II) for growth of far eastern catfish. In the experiment I, three replicate groups of juveniles (average weight 7.2 g) were fed one of diets containing 0, 10 and 20% soybean meals for 66 days. Survival and final mean weight were not significantly affected by dietary soybean meal levels. No significant differences were observed in feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention of fish fed between 0% (control diet) and 20% soybean meal diets. However, fish fed 10% soybean meal diet showed the lower feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention, and higher daily feed intake compared with fish fed control diet and 20% soybean meal diet. The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash in the whole body were not significantly affected by dietary soybean meal levels. In the experiment II, three replicate groups of juveniles (average weight 7.3 g) were fed either the formulated diet or commercial diet for 66 days. Survival and final mean weight were not significantly different among treatment. Significantly higher feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention, and lower daily feed intake were observed in fish fed experimental practical diet compared with fish fed commercial diet (P<0.05). Proximate compositions of the whole body were not significantly affected by diets. The results of these studies suggest that soybean meal can be used as a substitute for fish meal up to 20% in diet, and the dietary formulation used in the experiment II could be applied to the practical feed for far eastern catfish.