• Title/Summary/Keyword: duality

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THE EFFECT OF ADHESIVE CURING TIMING ON THE DIRECTION OF POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE OF COMPOSITE RESIN (상아질 접착제의 중합 시간 조절에 따른 복합레진의 중합 수축 방향의 변화)

  • 배지현;오명환;김창근;손호현;엄정문;조병훈;권혁춘
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.316-325
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adhesive curing timing on the direction of polymerization shrinkage of light-curing composite resin. In this study, the curing times of adhesive and composite resin were measured by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). 28 extracted human molars were embedded in clear resin and box-type cavities were prepared. Based on DSC data, the experimental teeth were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: no bond; Group 2: late curing; Group 3: Intermediate curing; Group 4: Early curing. After treating with adhesive, the buccal cavities were filled with Z-100 hybrid composite resin and the lingual ones were filled with AEliteflo flowable composite resin. The depressions at the surface were measured by surface profilometer, then the specimens were embedded in clear resin and sectioned. Impressions were obtained and used to get epoxy resin replicas. The epoxy replicas were gold-coated and observed under SEM. Average Maximum Gap(AMG), Gap Proportion(GP), Average Marginal Index(AMI) were used to compare the shrinkage gap of each group. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls method. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Average Maximum Gap, Gap Proportion, Average Marginal Index and depression at the surface or Z-100 hybride composite resin were smaller than those of AEliteflo flowable composite resin(P<0.05). 2. When the bonding between composite resin and tooth structure was strong, the shrinkage gap was small, and depression at the surface was deep(P<0.05). 3. In the well-bonded group, light-curing composite resin shrank toward bonded cavity wall, not toward light source. The result suggested that the direction of polymerization shrinkage was affected by the quality of bonding in the dentin-resin interface. The strong was the bonding between composite resin and tooth structure, the smaller was the gap and the deeper was the depression at the surface. Then the flow to compensate the polymerization shrinkage proceeded from surface to bonded cavity wall.

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A Quality Comparative Study on the Tomato Product in Korean Markets (I) - An Analytical Report on the Nutritive Ingredients and the Standardization of Duality of Tomato Katchup Marketed - (시판(市販) 도마도 가공품(加工品)의 품질(品質) 비교연구(比較硏究)(I) - 도마도 켓찹을 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Rho, Sook-Nyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 1979
  • The consumption of catchup is increasing due to the raising of income level and food industry and westernization of dietary life followed by economic growth. In this paper I picked up three kinds of food produced by two foreign food companies and three kinds of food by two domestic companies. The average results by experimentation on the nutritive ingredients and the standard quality was as follows; A. Nutritve ingredients; 1) Water content a) Domestic 68.3% b) Foreign 69.1% 2) Protein content a) Domestic 2.2 g b) Foreign 2.1 g 3) Fat content a) Domestic 0.1 g b) Foreign 0.1 g 4) Carbohydrate content a) Domestic 25.1 g b) Foreign 24.6 g 5) Mineral content (Ash) a) Domestic 4.4 g b) Foreign 3.9 g 6) Calcium content a) Domestic 33.5 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 7) Phosphorus content a) Domestic 16.1 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 8) Vitamin C content a) Domestic 14.6mg b) Foreign 16.0 mg B. Standard quality 1) Remains after evaporation a) Domestic 41.7% b) Foreign 38.4% 2) Free mineral acid content a) Domestic none b) Foreign none 3) Tar chromatophore a) Domestic $trace(Acid)^+$ b) Foreign none 4) Heavy metalic $elements^*$ 5) Sodium chloride content a) Domestic 3.3% b) Foreign 3.3% 6) pH level a) Domestic 3.83 b) Foreign 3.76 + The tar chromatophore elements could not be accurately measured by chromatography. * The heavy metalic elements were both under safety levels in the domestic and foreign products.

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A Video Deinterlacing Algorithm Using Geometric Duality (기하 쌍대성의 원리가 적용된 비디오 디인터레이싱 알고리듬)

  • Lee, Kwang-Bo;Park, Sung-Han
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.68-77
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    • 2009
  • A single field deinterlacing method, namely interpolation algorithm derived from low resolution (ILR), is presented in this paper. Traditional deinterlacing methods usually employ edge-based interpolation technique within pixel-based estimation. However, edge-based methods are somehow sensitive to noise and intensity variation in the image. Moreover, the methods are not satisfied in deciding the exact edge direction which controls the performance of the interpolation. In order to reduce the sensitivity, the proposed algorithm investigates low-resolution characteristics of the pixel to be interpolated, and applies it to high-resolution image. Simulation results demonstrates that the proposed method gives not only a better objective performance in terms of PSNR results compare to conventional edge-based interpolation methods, but also better subjective image quality.

A Method of Prediction and Analysis of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) in Wireless Power Transfer System Operating at 13.56 MHz (13.56 MHz 무선 에너지 전송 시스템의 효율적인 전자파 장해(EMI) 예측 및 분석 방법)

  • Shim, Hyun-Jin;Park, Jong-Min;Nam, Sangwook
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.24 no.9
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    • pp.873-882
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    • 2013
  • The effective way of estimation and analysis of EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) in Wireless Power Transfer System operating at 13.56 MHz is proposed. In this paper methodology of driving magnetic field strength and electric loop current of two antennas which are in free space and on PEC plane using image theory and duality is proposed. Perfect electric conductor(PEC) is planar, infinite in extent, and perfectly conducting plane. And we will refer it as PEC plane. A equivalent circuit model is used to analyze. Using this theoretical analysis, we can derive maximum magnetic field strength of the far-field region numerically using measured data of near-field maximum magnetic field strength. The experimental results using commercial numerical simulation tool are in agreement with the theoretical results. Also, using the derivation of maximum magnetic field strength in the far-field region, we can easily estimate the maximum allowable power dissipation that meets EMI regulations.

Niche Overlap of Social Spare: Duality of Individuals and Groups (개인과 집단의 이중성에 기초한 사회적 공간의 생태지위 분석)

  • Han, Joon;Park, Chan-ung
    • Survey Research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.109-127
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    • 2001
  • This paper offers a method to measure the distribution of niches of two types of social organizations. Internet sites and voluntary organizations. based on the socio-demographic characteristics of their members. It examines the niches of Internet sites based on age and education of site visitors and those of voluntary organizations based on age. education. and occupational prestige of their members. The method to measure organizational niches makes it possible not only to understand the niche width of organizations but also to examine the extent to which organizations .potentially compete and coexist. This leads to a method to recognize the way organizational environments influence the performance of individual organizations ecologically. To conclude, this paper shows that organizations are socially embedded through a process of pariticipation in which individual members choose their organizations not randomly. but based on their socIoifemographiccharacteristics.

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Packetizing Scheme for Reliable Transmission of Wavelet Video Stream (신뢰성있는 웨이블릿 비디오 전송을 위한 패킷화 기법)

  • Lee, Joo-Kyong;Kang, Jin-Mi;Kim, Chung-Kil;Chung, Ki-Dong
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.10B no.5
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    • pp.553-560
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    • 2003
  • Since Wavelet Transform decomposes a video frame into subbands with various frequencies and resolutions, the reconstructed video qualify at a receiver fluctuates according to the location of transmission errors within frames. This deteriorates the whole visual duality of the video. Specifically, for a wavelet based video which exploits the motion estimation prediction scheme, the transmission errors of a subband not only have a bad effect on other subbands within a same frame but also propagates to the subsequent frames. In this paper, we propose BDP(Block Based Dispersive Packetization) scheme, for a wavelet based video stream, which maintains constant video quality despite packet location that a transmission error occurs. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we use MRME(Multi-Resolution Motion Estimation) scheme to compress a video in Inter coding mode and Gilbert´s error model to generate the error patterns in wireless network environment. The simulation results show that BDP is more efficient than BP (Block based Packetization) or DP (Dispersive Packetization) in both PSNR and visual quality.

The Study of the Nursing Students Lived Experience of Clinical Practice Nursing of Dementia Patients (간호학생의 치매환자 간호 임상실습 체험 연구)

  • Hwang, Yun- Young
    • The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.161-171
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the reality of nursing students lived experience of clinical practice nursing of dementia patients, which will provide the basic research material to enhance the effect of their clinical practice. Method: Van Manens hermeneutic-phenomenological method has been used to analyze the data. Participants consisted of 8 second-year nursing students who did the clinical practice at a dementia unit in C hospital. Data was collected from in-depth face to face interviews. Result: $\ulcorner$being confused by the unfamiliar environment of nursing practice$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$being disordered about the patients' duality behaviour$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$perceiving necessity to accept patients' behaviors$\lrcorner$,$\ulcorner$feeling personal connections likely to grandmother$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$realizing the patients affection of their family$\lrcorner$,$\ulcorner$being frustrated by the patients' hopelessness$\lrcorner$,$\ulcorner$lessening biased view on dementia$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$feeling the anxiety about the unsecured future$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$realizing the necessity of the gradual and individual care$\lrcorner$,$\ulcorner$understanding the nursing of dementia as comprehensive nursing$\lrcorner$Conclusion: We are able to obtain an in-depth understanding about the nursing students lived experience of clinical practice nursing of dementia patients. Based upon this, there is a need to develop a better nursing intervention in order to enhance the effect of the nursing students clinical practice.

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A Study on the Evaluation of the Logistics Service Quality of Container Terminal Operators (컨테이너터미널 운영사의 물류서비스 품질 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Eun-Kyoung;Kim, Hyun-Duk;Lee, Kwang-Bae
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.47-62
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    • 2009
  • The paper attempts to identify the Logistics Service Duality of Container Terminals and to test the model by using of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Also, the research assess the practical competitiveness of Container Terminals in Kwangyang by Fuzzy technique. To conclude, we can make the following observations: (1) we classifies the Logistic Service Quality into five attributes such as Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, (2) Assurance is drawn to the most important attribute, (3) There is a significant disparity between the operators and the users in the relative importance of the Logistics Service Quality Attributes of Container Terminal, (4) In the result of analysis of the terminals' competitiveness, C Terminal is extracted as the most superior operator. In Addition, we hope to provide useful contribution to increase Gwangyang container terminal's competitiveness and offer some insight in further research.

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A Study on the Impact of CIO Leadership Versatility on the IS Performance (CIO의 리더십 균형성이 IS 성과에 미치는 영향)

  • Park Jong-Soon;Park Jeong-Sook;Kim Jae-Hwan
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.48-58
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    • 2005
  • This paper studied the impact of CIO leadership on the IS performance. The survey was developed to measure the relationship between CIO leadership style and the IS performance. The study shows that the differences in CIO leadership style along the two dimensions of goals and modes do not cause a statistically meaningful difference in business efficiency, one of the IS performance. Contrary to the existing studies that suggest a balanced leadership is effective, this study illustrates that strategic leadership and enabling leadership are more effective in the aspects of targets and manners respectively. This study does contribute to the introduction and utilization of CIO: unlike existing studies on leadership, it proposes a new approach to classifying leadership style based on the styles exhibited by CIO's flexibly from one situation to another. It will provide companies considering appointing CIO's or already using CIO's with insights into effective CIO role. It is important to provide CIOs with position and authority to exhibit their leadership flexibly.

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A Design of Du-CNN based on the Hybrid Machine Characters to Classify Target and Clutter in The IR Image (적외선 영상에서의 표적과 클러터 구분을 위한 Hybrid Machine Character 기반의 Du-CNN 설계)

  • Lee, Juyoung;Lim, Jaewan;Baek, Haeun;Kim, Chunho;Park, Jungsoo;Koh, Eunjin
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.758-766
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, we propose a robust duality of CNN(Du-CNN) method which can classify the target and clutter in coastal environment for IR Imaging Sensor. In coastal environment, there are various clutter that have many similarities with real target due to diverse change of air temperature, water temperature, weather and season. Also, real target have various feature due to the same reason. Thus, the proposed Du-CNN method adopts human's multiple personality utilization and CNN technique to learn and classify target and clutter. This method has an advantage of the real time operation. Experimental results on sampled dataset of real infrared target and clutter demonstrate that the proposed method have better success rate to classify the target and clutter than general CNN method.