• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.36-44
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• 1990

The analgesic effect of morphine was antagonized and the development of tolerance was suppressed by the modification of the neurologic function in the animals treated with ginseng saponins. The activation of the spinal descending inhibitory systems as well as the supraspinal structures by the administration of morphine was inhibited in the animals treated with ginseng saponins intracerebrally or intrathecally The development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and the abrupt expression of naloxone induced abstinence syndrome were also inhibited by ginsenoside Kbl , Rba, Rgl and Re. These results suggest that ginsenoside Kbl, Rba, Rgl and Re are the bioactive components of panax ginseng on the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and the inhibition of abrupt abstinence syndrome. In addition, further research on the minor components of Panax ginseng should be investigated. A single or daily treatment with ginseng saponins did not induce any appreciable changes in the brain level of monoamines at the various time intervals and at the various day intervals, respectively The inhibitory or facilitated effects of ginseng saponins on electrically evoked contractions in guinea pig ileum (U-receptor) and mouse was definers (5·receptor) were not mediated through opioid receptors. The antagonism of a x receptor agonist, U-, iO.488H was also not mediated through opioid receptors in the animals treated with ginseng saponins, bolt mediated through serotonergic mechanisms. Ginseng saponins inhibited morphine S-dehydrogenase that catalyzed the production of morphine from morphine, and increased hepatic glutathione contents for the detoxification of morphine. This result suggests that the dual action of the above plays an important role in the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance and dependence.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2006

Multimodal interfaces are recognition-based technologies that interpret and encode hand gestures, eye-gaze, movement pattern, speech, physical location and other natural human behaviors. Modality is the type of communication channel used for interaction. It also covers the way an idea is expressed or perceived, or the manner in which an action is performed. Multimodal Interfaces are the technologies that constitute multimodal interaction processes which occur consciously or unconsciously while communicating between human and computer. So input/output forms of multimodal interfaces assume different aspects from existing ones. Moreover, different people show different cognitive styles and individual preferences play a role in the selection of one input mode over another. Therefore to develop an effective design of multimodal user interfaces, input/output structure need to be formulated through the research of human cognition. This paper analyzes the characteristics of each human modality and suggests combination types of modalities, dual-coding for formulating multimodal interaction. Then it designs multimodal language and input synchronization method according to the granularity of input synchronization. To effectively guide the development of next-generation multimodal interfaces, substantially cognitive modeling will be needed to understand the temporal and semantic relations between different modalities, their joint functionality, and their overall potential for supporting computation in different forms. This paper is expected that it can show multimodal interface designers how to organize and integrate human input modalities while interacting with multimodal interfaces.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1987년도 Proceedings of Korea-Japan Panax Ginseng Symposium 1987 Seoul Korea
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• pp.38-46
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• 1987

The present study was undertaken to determine the inhibitory effects of orally administered ginseng saponins (GS), protopanaxadiol saponins(PD) and protopanaxatriol saponins(PT) on the development of morphine induced tolerance and physical dependence in mice, and to determine the increases in the loss of morphine tolerance and dependence. The study also sought to determine the hepatic glutathione contents, which are closely related to the degree of detoxication of morphinone, a novel metabolite of morphine, and the effects of ginseng saponins on morphine 6-dehydrogenase. The results of the present study showed that GS, PD and PT administered orally inhibited the development of morphine-induced tolerance and dependence. GS, PD and PT, however, increased the loss of morphine tolerance and dependence. GS, PD and PT inhibited the reduction of hepatic glutathione concentration in mice treated chronically with morphine, and the activity of morphine 6-dehydrogenase. So we hypothesized that these results were partially due to the dual action of the test drugs, the inhibition of morphine production and the activation in morphine-glutathione conjugation due to the increased glutathione level for detoxication.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to investigate the direct effects of green tea catechins(GTC) on vascular smooth muscle tension and 45Ca2+ Uptake in rat aorta. The methods used in this study are isometric tension measurements using physiograph, Lanthanum method for 45Ca2+(2 uCi/ml) uptake measurement in rat aorta. GTC modified tension induced by 40 mM KCl or 1 uM norepinephrine in rat aorta. Low concentrations of GTC(<0.5mg/ml) increased tension by 40 mM KCl or 1 uM norepinephrine, individually. However, high conecentration of GTC(>0.5 mg/ml) inhibiited tension by 40 mM KCl or 1 uM norepinephrine, individually. GTC increased 45Ca uptake induced by 40 mM KCl in a dose-dependent manner. From these results, GTC has the dual actions in vascular smooth muscle in vitro. Low concentrations of GTC augments tension by K or norepinephrine. However, high concentrations of GTC inhibits tension by K or norepinephrine GTC may have Ca2+ channel activation, action, which may result in unphysiological vasodilation by Ca2+ overload in vascular smooth muscle.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4501-4507
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• 2013

Caveolin-1 is a scaffold protein on the cell membrane. As the main component of caveolae, caveolin-1 is involved in many biological processes that include substance uptake and transmembrane signaling. Many of these processes and thus caveolin-1 contribute to cell transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Of particular interest are the dual rolesof tumor suppressor and oncogene that caveolin-1 appear to play in different malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Therefore, analyzing caveolin-1 regulators and understanding their mechanisms of actionis key to identifying novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for pancreatic cancer. This review details the mechanisms of action of caveolin-1 regulators and the potential significance for pancreatic cancer treatment.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.911-913
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• 2013

사용자의 행동 추론에서는 수신된 센서 데이터의 신뢰성이 중요하다. 하지만 외 내부 환경, 온도, 진동 등에 따라 센서의 측정값이 달라진다. 이러한 잡음 환경은 센서로부터 수집되는 정보의 신뢰성에 영향을 준다. 때문에 잡음을 감소시키고 사용자의 행동을 추론하는 디지털 필터와 추론 알고리즘이 요구된다. 본 연구는 사용자 행동의 잡음 제거, 왜곡 방지로 칼만 필터와 지수 가중이동 평균 필터의 비교실험을 하였다. 또한 본 제안된 확장가중 이중필터 법과 비교하였다. 결과적으로 제안된 필터가 다른 필터에 비해 잡음 환경에 견고하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2006

Mirtazapine is an antidepressant agent with dual action on both the noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. A simple high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of mirtazapine in human plasma. A reversed-phase Cl8 column was used for the determination of mirtazapine with a mobile phase composed of 0.01M ammonium acetate solution (pH 4.2) and acetonitrile (75:25, v/v%) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Terazosin hydrochloride was used as an internal standard. The fluorescence detector was set at excitation and emission wavelengths of 290 and 350 nm, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for all quality control samples including the lower limit of quantification of 3 ng/mL. Mirtazapine was stable in human plasma under various storage conditions. This method was used successfully for a pharmacokinetic study using plasma samples after oral administration of a single 30 mg dose as mirtazapine base to 8 healthy volunteers. The maximum plasma concentration of mirtazapine was $64.1{\pm}28.0ng/mL$ at 1.8 h, and the area under the curve and elimination half-life were calculated to be $674.1{\pm}218.5ng\;h/mL\;and\;23.4{\pm}3.8h$, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 1995

An antifungal Pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1 produced extracellular chitinase and .betha.-1, 3-glucanase that were key enzymes in the decomposition of fungal hyphal walls. These lytic extracellular enzymes markedly inhibited mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. A chitinase from P. stutzeri YPL-1 inhibited fungal mycelial growth by 87%, whereas a .betha.-1, 3-glucanase from the bacterium inhibited growth by 53%. Furthermore, co-operative action of the enzymes synergistically inhibited 95% of the fungal growth. The lytic enzymes caused absnormal swelling and retreating on the fungal hyphal walls in a dual cultures. Scanning electron microscopy clearly showed hyphal degradation of F. solani in the regions interacting with P. stutzeri YPL-1. In an in vivo pot test, P. stutzeri YPL-1 proved to have biocontrol ability as a powerful agent in controlling plant disease. Planting of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings with the bacterial suspension in F. solani-infested soil significantly suppressed the development of fusarial root-rot. The characteristics of a crude preparation of .betha.-1, 3-glucanase produced from P. stutzeri YPL-1 were investigated. The bacterium detected after 2 hr of incubation. The enzyme had optimum temperature and pH of 40.deg.C and pH 5.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 4.5 to 7.0 and at temperatures below 40.deg.C, with a half-life of 40 min at 60.deg.C.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to empirically describe the everyday life of middle-aged adults in terms of their time-use activities. From the original '2004 Time dairy' Data, developed by the Korean National Statistical Office (KNOS), 17,684 respondents aged between 35-59 were selected. In order to categorize their activity patterns, work/labour, domestic labour, and spare leisure time were classified according to the action classification system. As a result, four dominant types were found: namely work-leisure, work-oriented, family-oriented, and leisure-oriented activities. Results of multinomial logistic analysis revealed that gender, age, socioeconomic status, job characteristic, and family structure were the major determinants on time-use. Compared with work-leisure, young middle aged women holding a part-time job with less income tended to be involved in a family-centered time use. Dual earners with lower SES status were likely to have work-oriented time schedules. Older men with relatively lower income were more likely to be involved in leisure-oriented activities rather than work-leisure activities. Multitasking behavior was a significant variable in explaining the four different types of time-use. Work-oriented group showed the highest level of time pressure as well as fatigue. Group differences in these measures, however, was not as large as expected.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2013

Current smartphone authentication systems are deemed inconvenient and difficult for users on remembering their password as well as privacy issues on stolen or forged biometrics. New authentication system is demanded to be implicit to users with very minimum user involvement being. This idea aims towards a future model of authentication system for smartphones users without users realizing them being authenticated. We use the most frequent activity that users carry out with their smartphone, which is the calling activity. We derive two basics related interactions that are first factor being arm's flex (AF) action to pick a phone to be near ones' ears and then once getting near ear using second factor from ear shape image. Here, we combine behavior biometrics from AF in first factor and physical biometrics from ear image in second factor. Our study shows our dual-factor authentication system does not require explicit user interaction thereby improving convenience and alleviating burden from users from persistent necessity to remember password. These findings will augment development of novel implicit authentication system being transparent, easier, and unobtrusive for users.