• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.220-228
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• 2007

The nutritive value and the effect of tannins on the utilization of foliage from three commonly used legumes, Acacia nilotica, Albizia procera, and Sesbania acculeata, were determined. Three mature rumen-fistulated bullocks were used to study in sacco degradability and twelve adult sheep were randomly allocated on the basis of live weight to 4 groups of 3 in each to study the in vivo digestibility of the foliages. In all foliages, the contents of crude protein (17 to 24% of DM) were high. Fibre was especially high in Albizia (NDF 58.8% of DM vs. 21% in Sesbania and 15.4% in Acacia). Contents of both hydrolysable (4.4 to 0.05%) and condensed tannins (1.2 to 0.04%) varied from medium to low in the foliages. Acacia contained the highest level of total phenolics (20.1%), protein precipitable phenolics (13.2%) and had the highest capacity to precipitate protein (14.7%). Drying in shade reduced the tannin content in Acacia and Albizia by 48.6 and 69.3% respectively. The foliages ranked similarly for each of the different methods used to estimate tannin content and activity. Acacia and Sesbania foliage was highly degradable (85-87% potential degradability of DM in sacco), compared to Albizia (52%), indicating a minimal effect of tannins in Acacia and Sesbania. Yet, in vitro, the tannins in the Acacia inhibited microbial activity more than those in Albizia and Sesbania. Following the addition of polyethylene glycol to neutralise the tannins, gas production and microbial growth increased by 59% and 0.09 mg RNA equiv./dg microbial yield respectively in the Acacia, compared to 16-17% and 0.06 mg RNA equiv./dg microbial yield in the other foliages. There was a trend for low in vivo apparent digestibility of N in the Acacia (43.2%) and Albizia (44.2%) compared to the Sesbania (54.5%) supplemented groups. This was likely to be due to presence of tannins. Consistent with this was the low N retention (0.22 and 0.19 g N/g NI) in sheep supplemented with Acacia and Albizia compared to that for the Sesbania (0.32). Similarly, a trend for poor microbial N yield was observed in sheep fed these foliages. Across the foliages tested, an increase in tannin content was associated with a reduction in ruminal fermentation, N digestibility and N retention. For overall nutritive value, Sesbania proved to be the superior forage of the three tested.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.422.1-422.1
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• 2016

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a new kind of carbon-based photo luminescent nanomaterial from chemically modified graphene oxide (CMGO) or chemically modified graphene (CMG), has attracted extensive research attention in the last few years due to its outstanding chemical, optical and electrical properties. To further extended its potential applications as optoelectronic devices, solar cells, bio and bio-sensors and so on, intensive research efforts have been devoted to the CMG. However, the CMG, a suspension of aqueous, have problematic since they are prone to agglomeration after drying a solvent. In this study, we synthesized the GQDs from graphite and deposited on silicon substrate by kinetic spray. The photo luminescent properties of deposited GQD films were analyzed and compared with initial GQDs suspension. In addition, its carbon properties were investigated with GQDs solution properties. The properties of deposited GQD films by kinetic spray were similar to that of the GQDs suspension in water. We could provide a pathway for silicon-based silicon based device applications. Finally, the well-adjusted GQD films with photo luminescence effects will show Energy-Down-Shift layer effects on silicon solar cells. The GQD layers deposited at nozzle scan speeds of 40, 30, 20, and 10 mm/s were evaluated after they were used to fabricate crystalline-silicon solar cells; the results indicate that GQDs play an important role in increasing the optical absorptivity of the cells. The short-circuit current density (Jsc) was enhanced by about 2.94 % (0.9 mA/cm2) at 30 mm/s. Compared to a reference device without a GQD energy-down-shift layer, the PCE of p-type silicon solar cells was improved by 2.7% (0.4 percentage points).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.496-523
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• 2018

본 연구의 목표는 톱밥의 건조, 급속열분해, 바이오오일 응축, 바이오오일 수첨개질, 전기생산, 폐수처리를 포함하는 2개의 바이오오일 생산공정들에 대한 경제적 타당성을 평가하는 것이다. 첫번째 공정은 수소생산을 위한 steam-methane reforming (SMR)을 포함하는 바이오오일 생산공정이다(Case 1). 두번째 공정은 SMR을 포함하지 않고 수소를 외부로부터 공급받아 수첨개질을 수행하는 바이오오일 생산공정이다(Case 2). 상용공정모사기인 ASPEN Plus를 이용하여 이두 공정에 대한 공정흐름도를 구축하였고, 물질 및 에너지 수지식을 계산하였다. 원료로서 40%의 수분을 포함하는 톱밥 100 t/d, 30% 자기자본비율, 자기자본에 상응하는 자본지출, 수소 구입가 $1,050/ton, 완전건조된 원료대비 수송용 연료 수율 20% (Case 1) 및 25% (Case 2) 로 가정하고, 4단계 경제성 분석기법인 4-level EP를 사용하여 기술경제성 분석을 수행하였다. 총투자비(TCI), 총생산비(TPC), 연간판매금액(ASR), 그리고 개질 바이오오일의 최소판매가격(MFSP)은 Case 1에 대하여 $22.2 million, $3.98 million/yr, $4.64 million/yr, 그리고 $1.56/l 이고, Case 2에 대하여 $16.1 million, $5.20 million/yr, $5.55 million/yr, $1.18/l로 산출되었다. 수소를 직접 생산하는 Case 1과 수소를 외부로 부터 공급받는 Case 2의 투자회수율(ROI)와 투자회수기간(PBP)은 큰 차이를 보여주지 않았고, Case 1과 Case 2의 원료 공급량을 1,500 t/d로 증가할 경우, ROI는 15% 이상으로 향상될 것으로 예상되었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.541-550
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• 2011

많은 연구에서 플라이애쉬 및 바텀애쉬를 사용한 콘크리트에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 매립회를 사용한 콘크리트 및 실제 크기의 구조물에 대한 성능 평가 연구는 매우 제한적이다. 이 연구는 매립회를 잔골재와 치환하여 실제 크기의 구조물을 제작하고 이에 대한 성능을 평가하는 것을 주안점으로 한다. 1단계 연구 결과에서, 중간 정도의 성능을 가지는 두 가지 종류의 매립회(태안, 삼천포)를 선정하고 두가지 치환율(25%, 50%)을 고려하여 총 5개의 기둥, 슬래브, 벽체를 가진 콘크리트 구조물을 시공하였다. 경화전의 매립회 콘크리트 특성에서 공기량, 슬럼프, 응결 시간이 측정되었으며, 경화된 구조체에서 코어를 채취하여 강도, 염화물 저항성 및 탄산화 실험을 수행하였다. 코어에서 평가된 강도 및 내구 특성은 동일 배합의 공시체 시편에 대한 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 한편 구조물을 대상으로 반발경도, 건조수축, 수화열 특성이 평가되었으며, 기준 콘크리트와의 비교를 수행하였다. 실험 결과 매립회 콘크리트는 기준 콘크리트에 비해 적절한 강도 특성, 내구 특성을 가지고 있었으며, 구조물로 충분히 적용할 수 있음이 검증되었다. 국내 매립지에 따라 플라이애쉬, 바텀애쉬, 미탄소 탄소 등의 함량 제어를 통한 매립회 잔골재의 품질 제어가 수행된다면, 이에 대한 활용이 더욱 증가될 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.1799-1807
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 유산균으로 발효시킨 발효 생두를 이용하여 제조한 에스프레소 커피의 품질 및 항산화 효과를 분석하였다. 먼저 Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3145를 이용하여 10, 20, 30%(w/v) 함량의 커피 생두를 $37^{\circ}C$에서 0, 12, 24시간 동안 발효시켰다. 그리고 발효된 커피 생두를 건조한 다음 로스팅 및 분쇄하여 얻은 커피 분말로 에스프레소 커피를 제조하여 pH, 산도, 가용성 고형분 함량, 갈색도, 색도, 항산화 활성 및 관능검사를 비교 분석하였다. 발효 중 유산균수의 변화는 발효를 위한 생두의 함량과 유산균 발효시간이 증가할수록 전체적으로 완만히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 발효시간이 증가할수록 발효 생두를 이용한 에스프레소 커피의 pH 및 색도(L*, a*, b* 값)는 감소했지만, 총산도, 가용성 고형분 함량 및 갈색도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 발효 생두의 함량이 증가할수록 에스프레소 커피의 pH는 감소한 반면 총산도는 증가하였고, 색도, 가용성 고형분 함량 및 갈색도는 유사하게 나타났다. 그리고 항산화 효과에서는 발효시간 및 발효 생두의 함량이 증가할수록 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 모두 증가하였으며, 관능특성으로 맛, 색, 향 및 전체적인 기호도에서 EFB30이 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유산균 발효 생두를 이용하여 제조한 에스프레소 커피의 품질 및 항산화 특성을 상호 비교하고 관능적 특성을 확인함으로써 유산균 발효를 통한 에스프레소 커피의 품질 및 기능성 효과 향상 가능성에 대한 자료를 제시하였다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 산양유 단백질 분해물과 키토올리고당을 이용하여 약 138~225 nm 크기를 지니는 구형의 나노 전달체를 성공적으로 제조하였다. 제조된 나노 전달체는 소수성 건강기능성 물질인 DHA와 레스베라트롤을 각각 ~22 mg/100 mL와 ~4.5 mg/100 mL 씩 포집가능하며, 제조 공정요인(예, TPP 농도, 산양유 단백질 분해물 농도, 키토올리고당 농도) 조절을 통해 입자 크기, 표면전하등과 같은 나노 전달체의 물리화학적 특성과 소수성 건강기능성 물질의 포집 효율을 조절할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 산양유 단백질 분해물/키토올리고당 나노 전달체는 동결건조를 통해 분말화가 가능하기 때문에 식품 적용성이 뛰어나다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 food-grade 물질인 산양유 단백질 분해물과 키토올리고당을 이용하여 제조한 나노 전달체는 저지방 및 무지방 유식품에 적용 가능한 무지방 기반(non-fat based)의 소수성 건강기능성 물질 전달체로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1266-1266
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• 2001

Pasture composition, an important attribute determining sward condition and value, is normally assessed by hand separation, drying and measuring weight contribution of each species in the mixture. This is a tedious, time and labour consuming procedure. NIRS has demonstrated the potential for predicting botanical composition of swards, but most of the work has been carried out on dry samples. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of developing NIR models for predicting the white clover and ryegrass content in fresh or dry mixtures artificially prepared from pure samples of both species. Mixtures from pure stands of white clover(Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were prepared with different proportions (0 to 100%) of each species (fresh weight). A total of 55 samples were made (11 mixtures,5 cuts). Spectra (400 to 2500 nm) were taken from fresh chopped (rectangular cuvettes, transport sample module) samples, in a NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator controlled by the software NIRS 3 (Infrasoft International), which was also utilized for calibration development. Different math treatments (derivative order, subtraction gap and smooth segment) and a scatter correction treatment of the spectra (SNV and Detrend) were tested. Equations were developed by modified partial least squares. Prediction accuracy evaluated by cross-validation, showed that percentage of clover or ryegrass, as contribution in dry weight, can be successfully percentage of clover or ryegrass, as contribution in dry weight, can be successfully predicted either on fresh or dried samples, with equations developed by different math treatments. Best equations for fresh samples were developed including a first, second, or third derivative, whereas for dry samples best equations included a second or third derivative. Standard errors of ross validation were about 6% for fresh and 3.6% for dry samples, Coefficient of determination of cross validation (1-VR) were over 0.95 times the value of SECV for fresh samples and over 8 times the value of SECV for dry samples. Scatter correction (SNV and Detrend) in general improved prediction accuracy. It is concluded more precise on dried and ground samples, it can be used with an acceptable error level and less time and labour, on fresh samples.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 및 기술 세미나 논문집 디스플레이 광소자
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• pp.41-41
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• 2008

In general, polyimides (PIs) are used in alignment layers in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The rubbing alignment technique has been widely used to align the LC molecules on the PI layer. Although this method is suitable for mass production of LCDs because of its simple process and high productivity, it has certain limitations. A rubbed PI surface includes debris left by the cloth, and the generation of electrostatic charges during the rubbing induces local defects, streaks, and a grating-like wavy surface due to nonuniform microgrooves that degrade the display resolution of computer displays and digital television. Additional washing and drying to remove the debris, and overwriting for multi-domain formation to improve the electro-optical characteristics such as the wide viewing angle, reduce the cost-effectiveness of the process. Therefore, an alternative to non-rubbing techniques without changing the LC alignment layer (i.e, PI) is proposed. The surface of LC alignment layers as a function of the ion beam (IE) energy was modified. Various pretilt angles were created on the IB-irradiated PI surfaces. After IB irradiation, the Ar ions did not change the morphology of the PI surface, indicating that the pretilt angle was not due to microgrooves. To verify the compositional behavior for the LC alignment, the chemical bonding states of the ill-irradiated PI surfaces were analyzed in detail by XPS. The chemical structure analysis showed that ability of LCs to align was due to the preferential orientation of the carbon network, which was caused by the breaking of C=O double bonds in the imide ring, parallel to the incident 18 direction. The potential of non-rubbing technology for fabricating display devices was further conformed by achieving the superior electro-optical characteristics, compared to rubbed PI.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4809-4813
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• 2014

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been reported to interfere with estrogen signaling. Exposure to these chemicals decreases the immune response and causes a wide range of diseases in animals and humans. Recently, many studies showed that licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract (LRE) commonly called "gamcho" in Korea exhibits antioxidative, chemoprotective, and detoxifying properties. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of LRE and to determine if and how LRE can alleviate the toxicity of EDCs. LRE was prepared by vacuum evaporation and freeze-drying after homogenization of licorice root powder that was soaked in 80% ethanol for 72 h. We used 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a representative EDC, which is known to induce tumors or cancers; MCF-7 breast cancer cells, used as a tumor model, were treated with TCDD and various concentrations of LRE (0, 50, 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/mL$) for 24, 48, and 72 h. As a result, TCDD stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, but LRE significantly inhibited TCDD-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The expression of TCDD toxicity-related genes, i.e., aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR nuclear translocator, and cytochrome P450 1A1, was also down-regulated by LRE in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of cell cycle distribution after treatment of MCF-7 cells with TCDD showed that LRE inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells via G2/M phase arrest. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis also revealed that LRE dose-dependently increased the expression of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and p27 and down-regulated the expression of cell cycle-related genes. These data suggest that LRE can mitigate the tumorigenic effects of TCDD in breast cancer cells by suppression of AhR expression and cell cycle arrest. Thus, LRE can be used as a potential toxicity-alleviating agent against EDC-mediated diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2006

Objectives : In this paper, we tested the applicability of shell from Persicae semen in cosmetics through cosmeceutical activities including anti-oxidant, tyrosinase inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : Persicae semen, which had been extracted, concentrated, and freeze drying with water and ethanol, have been used for the experiment. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect have been investigated in the cosmeceutical activity measurement of function experiment. Results : In the electron donating ability test, 1,000ppm of EPS (ethanol extract of shell from Persicae semen) showed an effect of 87%. SOD-like activities showed 93% at the 10,000ppm of WPS (water extract of shell from Persicae semen). In the xanthine oxidase inhibition test, 1,000ppm of BHA showed an effect of 27%, while EPS showed an effect of 62%. We were able to get an effect of 95% from EPS at 10,000 ppm in the tyrosinase inhibition test. In the anti-inflammatory test, the EPS inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. In the case of the EPS, there were no signs of cytotoxicity against raw 264.7 and anti-inflammatory effects could be identified when the manifestation of iNOS was decreased. Conclusion : Therefore, the EPS has potential as an effective raw materials for cosmetic.