• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.345-350
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• 2000

The objective of this study makes investigation into the effect on the properties of underwater antiwashout concrete. which is followed by mixing time and mixing quantity. There is an tendency that (the compressive strength of underwater antiwashout concrete made and cured in fresh water or sea water) is increase when dry mixing time, mixing quantity, total mixing time is increase as unit weight grows. The difference of compressive strength (in case of no dry mixing time and 60 second) is averagely 46.8kgf/㎠ in the fresh water and 35.6kgf/㎠ in sea water. it's considered that dry mixing is dispersed by underwater antiwashout admixture.

• 진공이야기
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2015

This article introduces fundamentals of self-diagnosis and predictive (or preventive) maintenance technologies for dry vacuum pumps. The state variables of dry pumps are addressed, such as the pump and motor body temperatures, consumption currents of main and booster pumps, mechanical vibration, and exhaust pressure, etc. The adaptive parametric models of the state variables of the dry pump are exploited to provide dramatic reduction of data size and computation time for self-diagnosis. Two indicators, the Hotelling's $T^2$ and the sum of squares residuals (Q), are illustrated to be quite effective and successful in diagnosing dry pumps used in the semiconductor processes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2016

The goats raised in the barn are usually fed on fresh grass. As dry forage can be stored for long periods in large amounts, dry forage feeding makes it possible to feed large numbers of goats in barns. This review explains the physiological factors involved in suppressing dry forage intake and the cause of drinking following dry forage feeding. Ruminants consume an enormous amount of dry forage in a short time. Eating rates of dry forage rapidly decreased in the first 40 min of feeding and subsequently declined gradually to low states in the remaining time of the feeding period. Saliva in large-type goats is secreted in large volume during the first hour after the commencement of dry forage feeding. It was elucidated that the marked suppression of dry forage intake during the first hour was caused by a feeding-induced hypovolemia and the loss of $NaHCO_3$ due to excessive salivation during the initial stages of dry forage feeding. On the other hand, it was indicated that the marked decrease in feed intake observed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period was related to ruminal distension caused by the feed consumed and the copious amount of saliva secreted during dry forage feeding. In addition, results indicate that the marked decreases in dry forage intake after 40 min of feeding are caused by increases in plasma osmolality and subsequent thirst sensations produced by dry forage feeding. After 40 min of the 2 h dry forage feeding period, the feed salt content is absorbed into the rumen and plasma osmolality increases. The combined effects of ruminal distension and increased plasma osmolality accounted for 77.6% of the suppression of dry forage intake 40 min after the start of dry forage feeding. The results indicate that ruminal distension and increased plasma osmolality are the main physiological factors in suppression of dry forage intake in large-type goats. There was very little drinking behavior observed during the first hour of the 2 h feeding period most water consumption occurring in the second hour. The cause of this thirst sensation during the second hour of dry forage feeding period was not hypovolemia brought about by excessive salivation, but rather increases in plasma osmolality due to the ruminal absorption of salt from the consumed feed. This suggests the water intake following dry forage feeding is determined by the level of salt content in the feed.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2000

건성안의 분포와 진단방법의 임상활용을 조사를 위해서 10대에서 30대까지 성인 81명(남 32명, 여 49명), 전체 162안을 대상으로 실시하였다. 1. 건성안의 자각적 증상을 문진한 결과 2가지 이상의 증상을 호소한 군이 40명(49.3%), 호소하지 않은 군이 41명(50.7%)으로 조사되어 각각 자각증상 호소군과 비호소군으로 구분하였다. 2. 비침습적 방법(Non-Invasive Break up Time, NIBUT)에 의한 눈물막 파괴시간은 15초 이하의 눈물막 파괴시간을 나타내는 호소군이 76.3%, 비호소군이 20.7%로 조사되었다. 3. 침습적 방법(Invasive Break up Time, IBUT)에 의한 눈물막 파괴시간은 10초 이하의 눈물막 파괴시간을 나타내는 호소군이 75%, 비호소군이 24.4%로 조사되다. 4. 순목의 횟수(Blink rate)는 10회/min이하의 순목이 호소군에서 10%, 비호소군에서 14.9%로 조사되었다. 5. Shirmer test에서 10 mm/5min이하의 결과를 나타낸 호소군은 67.5%, 비호소군은 39%을 나타냈다. 6. Fluorescein staining을 이용한 하이측의 긴 결막주름이 관찰된 호소군은 44안(55%), 비호소군은 11안(13.4%)으로 조사되었다. 7. Rose bengal staining을 이용한 각막 및 결막의 심한 점상의 염색은 호소군에서 31안(38.75%), 중등도 29안(36.25%), 약도 20안(25%)이었으며, 비호군의 경우 각각 10안(12.19%), 12안(14.63%), 16안(19.51%)을 나타냈다. 8. 건성안 증상의 호소군에서 6개 항목 검사 중 3개의 검사항목 모두에서 건성안 진단을 보인 경우 9명(22.5%), 4개의 검사항목에서 10명(25%), 5개의항목에서 12명(30%), 6개의 검사항목에서 6명(15%)으로 각각 조사되었다. 9. 건성안 호소군의 검사방법별 환자의 분포는 비침습적 방법에 의한 눈물막 파괴시간 측정에서 30명으로 가장 많은 분포를 보였으며, 침습적 방법 30명, 순목의 횟수(Blink rate) 4명, Shirmer test 27명, Fluorescein staining에 의한 긴 결막주름 22명, Rose bengal staining에 의한 각막 및 결막의 심한 점상의 염색 15명의 분포를 보였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2010

목적: 정상안과 건성안에 소프트렌즈를 각각 얼라인먼트(alignment) 피팅 또는 스팁(steep) 피팅하였을 때 비침입성 눈물막 파괴 시간(non-invasive tear break-up time, NIBUT)에는 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 건성안 검사방법에 따라 정상안군과 건성안군으로 분류된 20~30대 남녀 40안에 polymacon 재질의 소프트렌즈를 얼라인먼트 피팅 혹은 스팁 피팅으로 착용시킨 후 렌즈 착용 전, 착용 직후 및 눈물층이 안정화 되었을 때의 NIBUT를 측정 비교하였다. 결과: 얼라인먼트 피팅시 눈물층이 안정화되었을 때는 건성안군의 평균 NIBUT가 정상안군의 값과 차이가 없었으나, 렌즈를 착용한 직후는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 스팁한 피팅을 한 경우에 는 렌즈 착용 직후 건성안에서의 평균 NIBUT가 정상안에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. 또한, 스팁 피팅하였을 때는 건성안의 65%가 4초 이하의 NIBUT을 나타내어 얼라인먼트 피팅하였을 때보다 30% 가량 그 수가 증가하였다. 건성안에 스팁 피팅을 하였을 때에는 눈물층이 안정화된 후에도 NIBUT가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 건성안의 경우 소프트렌즈의 착용시 눈물막과의 상호관계가 정상안과는 상이함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 따라서 건성안에 콘택트렌즈를 피팅할 때에는 렌즈 착용으로 인하여 야기되어질 수 있는 불안정한 눈물막 상태가 충분히 고려되어져야 할 것으로 생각되어진다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

목적: 본 연구에서는 콘택트렌즈 처방시 필요한 건성안 진단 방법들의 신뢰도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 건강한 20대 40명을 대상으로 NIBUT(non-invasive tear film break-up time) 및 TBUT(trear film break-up time) 검사를 시행하여 정상안과 건성안으로 구별하였다. McMonnies 설문, 누액 프리즘 높이 측정, 건빵 검사, 순목 횟수 측정, 쉬르머 검사의 결과를 NIBUT 검사 및 TBUT 결과와 비교하였다. 결과: NIBUT와 TBUT를 측정하였을 때 두 방법 모두에서 정상안으로 판정된 피검자는 20명, 건성안으로 판정된 피검자는 10명이었으며, 실험대상자 중 10명은 두 방법에서 상이한 결과가 나왔다. McMonnies 설문 조사시 정상안군은 평균 8.2점, 건성안군은 평균 18.5점으로 두군 간의 점수는 통계적으로 유의하게 차이가 있었다. 또한, NIBUT 및 TBUT 측정 결과로 정상안으로 분류된 피검자 중 100%가 McMonnies 설문조사시 정상안으로, 건성안으로 분류된 피검자의 90%가 건성안으로 판정되었다. 누액 프리즘 높이는 정상안군은 평균 0.32 mm, 건성안군은 평균 0.23 mm이었으며, 정상안과 건성안에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 건빵 검사, 순목 횟수 측정 및 국소마취제를 사용하지 않은 쉬르머 검사에서 정상안군과 건성안군에서 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 도출되지 않았다. 결론: 건성안 검사에 있어서 McMonnies 설문과 누액 프리즘 높이 측정 결과가 NIBUT 및 TBUT 검사 결과와 상관관계가 높았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to select for the varieties with high environmental adaptability in mountainous pastures of Taekwalyong area, and the evaluation was based on the data of varietal differences of dry matter production and yield components in Tall fescue cutting at various developmental stages in growth period of autumn. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The varieties with high number of tillers per plant(NT) showed a high dry weight of plant(DW) in all autumn cuttings. These varieties(Barce1 and Fuego) may be more adaptable to mountainous pastures of Taekwalyon area than other varieties. 2. The number of tillers per plant(NT) was significantly positive correlated with dry weight of plant (DW), but dry weight of tiller(WT) was not significantly correlated with dry weight of plant(DW) in all autumn cuttings. 3. The multiple regression equations of autumn cutting stages with mean dry weight of plant(DW) and number of tillers per plant(NT) can be used to estimate the cutting time to obtain maximum mean dry weight of plant(DW) and the highest number of tillers per plant(NT). The maximum mean dry weight of plant(DW) and the highest number of tillers per plant(NT) was estimated at the time of 21 Oct. and 26 Oct, respectively. 4. Dead leaves tended to increase greatly after the 2nd cutting(l4 Oct.) in growth period of autumn. 5. The number of tillers per plant(NT) was an important yield component before tiller density achieved equilibrium, but dry weight of tiller(WT, including dead leaves) was of most significant as a yield determinant after maximum tiller density reached in growth period of autumn.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1998

Whole faba beans (WFB) were dry roasted at different temperatures (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$) for 15, 30, 45 minutes to determine the optimal heating conditions of time and temperature to increase nutritional value. Ruminant degradation characteristics of crude protein (CP) of WFB were determined by the nylon bag incubation technique in dairy cows fed 60% hay and 40% concentrate. Measured characteristics of crude protein (CP) were soluble (washable) fraction (S), undegradable fraction (U), lag time (T0), potentially degradable fraction (D) and the rate of degradation (Kd) of insoluble but degradable fraction. Based on measured characteristics, percentage bypass crude protein (%BCP) and bypass crude protein (BCP in g/kg) were calculated. Degradability of CP was reduced by dry roasting (p < 0.01). S was reduced rapidly with increasing time and temperature, from 49.0% in the raw WFB (RWFB) to 26.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45$ min. D varied from 50.7% in RWFB to 73.7% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$. U varied from 0% in $130^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, $150^{\circ}/30^{\prime}$ and $150^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ to 0.66% in $110^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ (0.24% for the RWFB). Lag time (T0) varied from 1.58 h in $130^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 2.40 h in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (1.87 h for RWFB). Kd varied from 24.2% in the $110^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 4.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (21.4% for the RWFB). Kd was significantly reduced with time and temperature. All these effects resulted in increasing % BCP from 8.9% in the $110^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, 11.3% in the RWFB to 43.1% in the $150^{\circ}C/45$. Therefore BCP increased from 31.3 and 39.9 to 148.4 g/kg respectively. Both %BCP and BCP at $150^{\circ}C/45$ increased nearly 4 times over the raw faba beans. The effects of dry roasting temperature and time on %BCP and BCP seemed to be linear up to the highest values tested. Therefore no optimal dry roasting conditions of time and temperature could be determined at this stage. It was concluded that dry roasting was effective in shifting crude protein degradation from rumen to intestine to reduce unnecessary nitrogen (N) loss in the rumen. To determine the optimal treatment, the digestibility of each treatment should be measured in the next trial using mobile bags technique.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.190-191
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• 2021

This study is conducted to provide a method to estimate the setting time and early age compressive strength using D type durometer.Test results indicated that the use of D type Durometer attached with modified needle, which was designed to secure improved accuracy in setting and compressive strength, enables to estimate setting time and the compressive strength at early age.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2007

In this paper, the transient brake time was studied on the van type vehicle with accelerometer. Experiments were carried out on the asphalt(new and polished), unpacked road(earth and gravel) and on wet or dry road conditions. The transient brake time is not effected bzy the vehicle speed. The transient brake time is about 0.41$\sim$0.43second on the asphalt road surface and the error range is within 0.1$\sim$0.16second. For the asphalt road condition, the transient brake time is not effected by both new asphalt road surface and the polished asphalt road surface. With compared by dry and wet road surface condition, the transient brake time of wet condition is longer than dry road condition and compared with unpacked road condition and packed road condition, unpacked road condition is shorter than packed road condition. It is considered that the transient brake time is effected by the road surface fraction coefficient. In other words, the transients brake time increases as friction coefficient decreases.