• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 1989

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of animal stable manure on the dry matter yield, botanical composition, crude protein content rates, in vitro digestibility and soil characters with treatments, which were divided into cattle manure, swine manure and poultly excreta of 375 and 750kg/lOa, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A comparison made on the grass yield for one year period following the termination of the experiment did not indicate any signification in the yield of dry matter difference between chemical fertilizer treatment and 750kg/10a of organic manure. 2. Botanical composition was not shown an increasing of weed or bare land in organic manure of 375 and 750kg/lOa application during the whole period of growth. 3. Crude protein content and in vitro digestibility were shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure application. 4. Crude protein yield in organic manure of 750kg/10a was not a large difference compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. 5. Soil composition of organic manure had higher than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment, which was shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure. 6. Therefore, It was suggested that the effect of organic manure on dry matter yield, botanical composition was similar to chemical fertilizer treatment and soil composition of organic manure had higher organic matter, available phosphate, potassium and C.E.C than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 2004

To examine the potentiality of grassland dominated with turf-type grasses, which are mainly used for the establishment of green spaces, forage production and its utilization as forage resources, dry matter yield and forage quality of three different turf-type mixtures were estimated throughout three consecutive experimental years. According to the experiment, the mean of dry matter(DM) yield, chemical composition, DM digestibility, crude protein dry matter(CPDM) and digestible dry matter(DDM) yield was not significantly different among species(p > 0.05) over three experimental years. Botanical composition of three dominant species(tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass) was 42, 35 and 28%, respectively, in three mixtures at the last cutting(6th) in 2001. The botanical composition of three dominated species such as tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass was maintained 84% of the total plants in all types of mixtures. Therefore, It is observed that the mixture types did not closely affect the botanical composition. But botanical composition of the other species such as redtop(8%) and creeping bentgrass(6${\sim}$7%) was low. Especially, that of red fescue was the least(1${\sim}$2%) of all mixed species. As mentioned above, any difference was not observed in DM yields, forage quality and botanical composition among mixture types. Therefore, any types of mixtures can be used as public green spaces like school ground areas or river-sides, and as forage resources additionally.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cutting frequency on dry matter yield and nutritive value between heading and headless varieties of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid in 1998. Treatments were var. TE hay grazer(heading type) and Jumbo(headless type) as main plot, and 1, 2, and 3 cutting times per a year as sub plot. Although plant height of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid was no significant difference among treatments, headless type was very slightly higher than that of heading type, and both of variety decreased with 1, 2, and 3 cutting times in order. Also, dry matter yield of sorghum~sudangrass hybrid was no significant difference between heading and headless type. Dry matter yield of first cutting plot in heading type and in headless type was the higher than those of second and third cutting plot. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber of headless type were slightly higher than that of heading type. Acid detergent fiber of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid was highest at first cutting plot in both varieties. Neutral detergent fiber of second cutting plot in heading type and first cutting plot in headless type were the highest respectively. In vitro dry matter digestibility of headless type was very slightly higher than that of heading type. And in vitro dry matter digestibility of second cutting plot was the highest in both varieties. In vitro digestible dry matter of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid was no significant difference among treatments. The results demonstrated that although there was not significant difference, cultivation of headless type and first cutting plot per a year were very good for nutritive value and DM yield of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid as summer forage crops in Korea. (Key words : Heading, Headless type, Cutting frequency, Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrid)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 1983

The production of dry matter, general composition, hemicelluose and cell contents and in vitro digestible dry matter, cellulose and crude protein production were investigated in the Sudangrass and the hybrid of Sudangrass x sorghum, Pioneer 931 and Pioneer 958 during the first growth and the regrowth. 1. Dry matter yield of Sudangrass showed the highest value among the cultivars tested, being 1,638kgper 10a, those of the Pioneer 988 and Pioneer 931 showed 1,404kg and 1,282kg respectively. The effect of the first growth and the regrowth on the dry matter production of Sudangrass and Pioneer 988 was relatively small. 2. The in vitro digestibility of cellulose and the estimated digestible energy value per kg had a trend to be lower in order of Pioneer 931, Pioneer 988 and Sudangrass. But the production of digestible energy per 10a was decreased in order of Sudangrass, Pioneer 958 and Pioneer 931, which produced 4,623, 4,170 and 3,970 Mcal, respectively. 3. The cultivars did not affect on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter, while the yields of digestible dry matter were decreased in the order of Sudangrass, Pioneer 988 and Pioneer 931, which showed 1,068, 939 and 893kg per 10a, respectively. The yields of digestible protein lowered in order of Pioneer 931, Sudangrass and Pioneer 988, which were 134, 130 and 102kg per 10a, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.693-701
• /
• 2003

In order to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage plants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 266 samples (61 grasses and 65 legumes grown in the dry season, 60 grasses and 80 legumes grown in the rainy season) were collected from the highland and lowland in 1998 to 2000, and were subjected to the determination of chemical composition and digestibility. The least-squares analysis of variance demonstrated that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of grasses was not significantly affected by season or altitude. On the other hand, the some proximate components and cell wall components were significantly affected by season and altitude including the season${\times}$altitude interaction. For the legumes, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) and cellulose content were significantly affected by season. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) content was significantly affected by season and altitude. The interaction of the season${\times}$altitude for IVDMD, of the year${\times}$season for some proximate components and of the year${\times}$season and the season${\times}$altitude for some cell wall components were significant. These results indicate that the forages grown at highland in dry season have a relatively high quality. The means of the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content estimated from IVDMD in grasses and in legumes were 50.3% and 57.4%, respectively, and the crude protein contents were 7.7% and 17.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between IVDMD and the contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were relatively high in all of forage plants, suggesting that these components would provide an accurate prediction of digestibility or TDN content. A close relationship between IVNDFD and lignin content indicates that the lignin would be the most accurate predictor of cell wall digestibility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.1407-1413
• /
• 2000

Oil palm frond (OPF) is a new non-conventional fibrous feed for ruminants. Evaluation on the nutritive values and digestibility of OPF was carried out using goats. In a completely randomised design, 20 local male goats were assigned to evaluate fresh and different types of processed OPF. A 60 day feeding trial was done to determine the digestible nutrient intake of fresh, ensiled and pelleted OPF and its response on live weight gain of goat. The pelleting of OPF increased (p<0.05) intake compared to fresh or ensiled OPF. The OPF based mixed pellet (50% OPF with 15% palm kernel cake, 6% rice bran, 6% soybean hull, 15% molasses, 2% fishmeal, 4% urea, 1.5% mineral mixture and 0.5% common salt) increased (p<0.05) nutrient intake, digestibility and reduced feed refusals. The mixed pellet also increased digestible dry matter intake (DDMI) and digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) at 80% and 63% level respectively than the fresh OPF. The increased digestible nutrient intake on the OPF based mixed pellet, resulted in increased live weight gain of goats. Furthermore, OPF has a good potential as a roughage source when it is used with concentrate supplement. OPF based formulated feed in a pelleted form could be used as a complete feed for intensive production of goat and other ruminants.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield, quality and utilization of nutrients of wild Korean lespedeza as a forage legume sources. Dry matter(DM) yield of stages, chemical composition and DM digestibility were observed, also DM intake, digestibility and utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats were determined. Experimental diets include three treatrnents ; mixture grass hay(GS), GS 80% + lespedeza(LA) 20% and GS 60% + LA 40%, respectively. The DM yield of Korean lespedeza(LA) with advancing the growing stage tended to significantly increase(P<0.05). The average DM yield was observed 7,336kg/ha. CP content of LA tended to decrease, but fiber content tended to increase at growing stage advanced(P<0.05). The tannin content of LA was highest in bud stage (54.5mg/g), but tended to decrease at growing stage advanced, lowest in seed ripe stage(26.8mg/g) (P<0.05). With increasing the level of LA supplementation, DM intake by Korean native goats slightly increased, but no differences were observed in all diets. The digestibility of DM, cellular constituents and NDF were slightly lower for GS 100% diets than LA 20% and 40% supplemented diets(P<0.05). Apparently digested N% was not detected significant differences in all diets, but retained N and biological value were higher for LA supplemented diets than for GS 100% diets (P<0.05). Utilization of DE and ME was not detected significant differences in all diets. Above the results, it could be suggested that LA have a potential to provide as forage legume sources considering the DM yield, DM digestibility and nitrogen utilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield, quality and utilization of nutrients of crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) dominant swards as a roughage sources. Dry matter yield of stages, chemical composition, DM digestibility was obserbed, and DM intake, digestibility and utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats was determined. Average DM yield of crabgrass dominant swards was obtained 8,473kg/ha, and average contents of CP, NDF, ADF and lignin was 13.0%, 74.1%, 38.6% and 10.4%, respectively. DM intake by Korean native goats was lower for crabgrass dominant swards than for sown grass swards(P>0.05). Digestibility of DM, celluar constituents, NDF and ADF by Korean native goats was significantly lower for crabgrass dominant swards than for sown grass swards(P<0.05). Utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats was significantly lower for crabgrass dominant swards than for sown grass sward(P<0.05). Above the results, although crabgrass dominant swards was lower than in DM yield, digestibility, and utilization of N and energy, but the DM yield of crabgrass dominant swards was obtained 8,471kg/ha without fertilizer. Therefore it appears that crabgrass dominant swards have a potential to provide roughage sources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.1579-1584
• /
• 2002

Twelve adult male crossbred (Sahiwal${\times}$Holstein Friesian) cattle were distributed into four groups of three each on body weight basis. Animals were given wheat straw as a basal diet. The animals of group I and II were supplemented with concentrate mixture and animals of group III and IV were supplemented with cold processed urea molasses mineral block (UMMB). Thirty mg monensin/day/animal was supplemented to the animals of group II and 35 ppm monensin were incorporated in the UMMB supplemented to the animals of group IV. Vit.A and D mixture was given to all the animals once a week. Dry matter (DM) intake (kg/d) through wheat straw was 19.0 percent higher in the UMMB (without monensin) supplemented group (group III) than those of the concentrate mixture (without monensin) supplemented group i.e. group I. Total DM intake (kg/d) was lower in the monensin supplemented groups than those of non-supplemented groups though differences were not statistically significant. Digestible dry matter, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake were similar in all the groups. Average block consumption for 45 d period in the group III (0.95 kg/d) and group IV (0.84 kg/d) did not differ significantly. DM digestibility (%) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the group II (58.9) as compared to the group I (52.7) and group III (54.0) but similar to the group IV (57.2). OM digestibility was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in the group II (63.2) as compared to that of the group I (54.9) but similar to the group III (57.8) and IV (59.2). Ether extract (EE) digestibility was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the group I (76.9) and II (80.3) as compared to the group III (59.87) and IV (55.77). Nitrogen free extract (NFE) digestibility was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the group II (62.38) as compared to that of the other groups. Crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) digestibilities were not affected either due to UMMB or monensin. Nitrogen balance did also not differ significantly among the groups. However, Ca and P balance (g/d) in the group III (3.1, 1.3) and IV (3.0, 1.4) were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of the group I (0.6, 0.2) and II (0.4, 0.3). Blood glucose (mg/100ml) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the group II (65.2) and IV (65.2) as compared to the group I (55.2) and group III (53.9). Plasma urea-N level (mg/100 ml) in the group III (19.0) and IV (17.8) were significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of the group I (10.5) and II (12.3). So, monensin supplementation either with cold process UMMB or concentrate mixture did not show any additional effect on feed intake and digestibility but increases blood glucose level in adult cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.549-558
• /
• 1992

The study on the potential use of pigeon pea (PP) as a ruminant feed was carried out with sheep in 3 experiments. Digestibility of dry pigeon pea leaves (PPL) and pigeon pea seeds (PPS) determined by differential and regression methods respectively, with rice straw (RS) as a basal diet, revealed that PPS contained higher nutritive value and palatability than PPL. On dry matter (DM) basis, PPL and PPS contained 19.8 and 20.0% CP, 7.3 and 2.3% EE, 6.0 and 4.4% ash, 61.1 and 51.7% NDF, and 29.4 and 17.5% ADF, respectively. The trypsin inhibitor activity in the seed was 3 times of that in the leaves (19.5 vs 7.0 mg TIA/g DM). The digestibility of PPL and PPS were 50.2 and 72.2% in DM, 52.7 and 73.3% in OM, 51.0 and 65.1% in CP respectively. DM intake as well as the digestibility of most nutrients increased with the increasing level of PPS. Digestible energy (DE), Total digestible nutrient (TDN) and N-balance of sheep fed solely PPS, estimated by regression method, was 3.2 kcal/g, 71.1% and 6.3 g/d respectively. Pigeon pea seeds can be well used to substitute soybean meal in concentrate rations for ruminants or directly supplemented to low quality roughages.