• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.484-491
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• 2021

This study investigated the effect of dry heat treatment (DHT) on the physicochemical properties of hard type (HR) and floury type (FR) rice to improve the processing aptitude of rice flour. The rice flour was heated at 130℃ for 0, 2 and 4 hours, and the color value, water absorption index (WAI), water soluble index (WSI), swelling power, solubility, pasting properties, particle shape and the X-ray diffraction were measured. After DHT, the L value of rice flour decreased, and the b value increased. The WAI, WSI, swelling power and solubility of HR and FR increased with the increase of treatment time. The cold viscosity and setback increased, while breakdown decreased. Cracks and lumps formed with fine particles were observed. The X-ray diffraction pattern was A-type, while the diffraction intensity decreased. According to the results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, the hydration and pasting properties were significantly different between HR and FR and were affected by DHT time. The results suggest that the properties of modified rice flour by DHT can be used in the food industry.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2011

1. Objectives: We aimed to propose a sub-classification system for the Taeeumin symptomatology by examining the Taeeumin pathology and symptomatology descriptions appearing in "Donguisusebowon". 2. Methods: The Gabo Edition and the Sinchuk Edition (the upgraded and revised edition) of "Donguisusebowon" were reviewed and examined for relevant information on the Taeeum pathology and symptomatology. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) In the Taeeumin symptomatology, the Exterior disease develops from the basic pathology of Esophagus-Cold and the Interior disease from that of Liver-Heat, eventually progressing to damage of the expirational and dispersive energy of the Lung Sector, the Prime Core Organ or the excessively small organ of the Taeeum constitutional type. The resulting pathology can be broadly defined as the "Lung-Dryness symptomatology". 2) The case reports introduced in the Exterior disease section, including the Zhang Zhongjing Mahuang-tang treatment, Prolonged-affliction disease treatment, and Exterior disease Pestilential disease treatment, share several points in common. They all arise from the pathology of "weakness in the Lung sector and deficiency in the Exterior sector", and they can all be assigned to the same symptomatological division that presents with systemic heat and cold intolerance; this symptomatology can be defined as the "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology", the milder subdivision of the exterior symptomatology. 3) The body of text appearing in the last part of the Interior disease section commonly referred to as the "Taeeumin Conspectus" is in fact not a conspectus when its contents are actually examined. Instead, it can be understood from its pathological and symptomatological descriptions that the passage is explaining the more severe subdivision of the exterior symptomatology that has progressed from Esophagus-Cold to a pathology characterized by damaged expirational and dipersive energy of the Lung Sector. 4) The relocation of the "dry-related pathology" indicates a change in perspective regarding the "Dry-related symptomatology", which caused the rearrangement of the Interior disease into divisions of Liver-Heat symptomatology that is characterized by fulminant heat pathology and Dry-Heat symptomatology that is also accompanied by Lung-Dryness. 5) The Interior disease Yin-Blood Consumptive symptomatology should be included in the Dry-Heat symptomatology in the pathological scheme. 6) Based on the above, the subdivisions of the Taeeumin symptomatology should be arranged as "Esophagus-Cold symptomatology" and "Lung-Dry-Cold symptomatology" in the Exterior disease and "Liver-Heat symptomatology" and "Dry-Heat symptomatology" in the Interior disease.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2014

Swelling of the heat-treated netting for gillnet was estimated through the netting height in square acrylic tank. Experimental Nylon netting and PBSAT netting were heat-treated by using the high-degree vacuum method in hot water after net making. Heat-treatment temperatures were conducted with Nylon netting $105^{\circ}C$ and PBSAT netting $62^{\circ}C$, $65^{\circ}C$, $66^{\circ}C$, $67^{\circ}C$. The swelling measurement method of a netting using the square tank was capable of the reduction measurement errors comparing with measurement methods of a mesh inner angle and the shortening rate of a mesh size. In addition, this method was available to comparison evaluation for each netting more easily. Wet type heat-treatment apparatus with high-degree vacuum was shown higher $7{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ inner side temperature than a setting temperature. The tensile strength and elongation of Nylon netting and PBSAT netting were shown higher wet condition than dry condition. The tensile strengths of PBSAT monofilaments in dry and wet condition were sharply decreased at heat-treatment temp. $75^{\circ}C$ than heat-treatment temp. $74^{\circ}C$.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 종자전염병의 무독화를 위해 실시하는 건열처리에 의한 종자의 활력감소를 회복시키기 위한 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 건열처리된 종자의 활력감소 정도는 작물과 품종에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. 일반적으로 호박 종자가 박 종자에 비하여 활력이 덜 감소하였다. 건열처리된 종자를 0, 30, 120일간 후처리하였을 때, 발아율은 건열처리 후처리 기간이 증가함에 따라 높아졌는데, 후처리 효율은 작물과 품종에 따라 상이하였다. 또한, 박과 호박 종자를 상향 또는 수평 파종 시 하향 파종보다 높은 종자활력과 묘소질을 보였다. 따라서 건열처리에 의한 종자활력의 감소는 적절한 후처리 뿐만 아니라 상향파종을 통해서도 효과적으로 회복시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.389-394
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• 1992

건열$(130{\sim}220^{\circ}C)$ 처리가 옥수수 전분의 성질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 표면 색도의 경우 L값과 a값은 큰 차이가 없었으나 b값은 열처리에 따라 약간 감소하였다. Blue value는 $190^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 약간 증가하였고 물결합능력은 열처리 온도의 상승에 따라 증가하였다. 팽윤력은 시료간에 큰 차이가 없으나 $90^{\circ}C$에서의 팽윤력은 $190^{\circ}C$ 이상의 시료에서 약간 감소하였고 용해도는 $190^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 증가하였다. $190^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 고유점도의 상당한 감소, 전분결정도의 감소, 산 또는 효소에 의한 가수분해율의 뚜렷한 증가경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2017

In the combustion treatment of explosive gases with a high heating value such as $H_2$ and $NH_3$ used in semiconductor and chemical processes, the heat recovery modeling and exergy analysis of the process using the Aspen Plus simulator and its thermodynamic data were performed to examine the recovery of high temperature thermal energy. The heat recovery process was analyzed through this process modeling while the exergy results clearly confirmed that the rigorous reaction mainly occurs in the condenser and the chamber. In addition, the process modeling demonstrated that approximately 95% of the exergy is destructed on the basis of the exergies injected and the exergy being exhausted. Using the exergy technique, which can quantitatively analyze the energy, we could understand the energy flow in the process and confirm that our heat recovery process was efficiently designed.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 1998

An oxidation behavior of 304 and 316 stainless steels were studied in dry air. After solution treatment, specimens were polished up to $1{\mu}m$ $A1_2O_3$ grade and then subjected to oxidation treatment in dry air at $800^{\circ}C{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$. The oxidation behavior between matrix and oxide scale was analyzed with SEM, EDS and XRD. When oxidation treatment was conducted at $1200^{\circ}C$, large thickness of Fe oxide scale was formed on top of surface and fine $(Cr,Fe)_2O_3$ oxide film was formed below it. Cr rich zone existed at interface between metal and $(Cr,Fe)_2O_3$ oxide layer, and it was believed that this zone acted as obstacle to oxidation. Most of Ni was detected at the interface between metal and $(Cr,Fe)_2O_3$ and also detected at the interface between $Fe_2O_3$ and $(Cr,Fe)_2O_3$.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

This study investigated the quality of characteristics of high-protein RTD coffee using domestic and imported skim milk powder with different heat treatment. Skim milk powders (A, B) had high-heat treatment, C had medium-heat, and D and E had low-heat treatment. The transmittance of A and B were higher than that of C, and that of C were higher than that of D and E (p<0.05). The precipitate attached on bottom of container of RTD coffee using A and B were 2.993~3.053% and higher than those (0.753~0.803%) of RTD coffee using C, D and E (p<0.05), but there was no difference between those of RTD coffee using C, D and E (p<0.05). The centrifuged precipitate of RTD coffee using A and B were 1.987~2.040% and higher than those (0.820~0.830%) of RTD coffee using C, D and E (p<0.05), but there was no difference between those of RTD coffee using C, D and E (p<0.05). The proximate composition of precipitate attached on bottom of container of RTD coffee using A, which showed the highest amount of precipitate, showed 65.7% of carbohydrate, 19.0% of protein, 4.8% of fat and 4.8% of ash in dry basis, that of RTD coffee being 72.7%, 15.1%, 7.9% and 4.3% in dry basis respectively. Protein and fat content of precipitate were lower and protein and ash content were higher than those of RTD coffee. But seeing that the most increased portion was protein, precipitation of RTD coffee appears to be attributed to heat-denatured proteins.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 건열처리를 통해 알팔파 종자에 접종된 Bacillus cereus ATCC 12480, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC SSA81, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028을 발아율에 영향 없이 불활성화 시키는 조건(65℃에서 21일, 70℃에서 16일, 75℃에서 10일, 80℃에서 7일)을 조사하였다. 알팔파 종자를 6-7 log CFU/g 수준으로 접종하고 65, 70, 75, 80℃로 건열처리 한 후, 발아율을 확인하였다. 알팔파 종자의 발아율은 시장에 유통되고 있는 알팔파 새싹의 발아율 기준인 70%로 설정하였다. 알팔파 종자에서 B. cereus는 65℃에서 21일, 70℃에서 18일, 75℃에서 14일, 80℃에서 4일, Listeria monocytogenes는 65℃에서 21일, 70℃에서 18일, 75℃에서 12일, 80℃에서 7일, S. aureus는 65℃에서 18일, 70℃에서 18일, 75℃에서 11일, 80℃에서 4일, E. coli O157:H7은 65℃에서 21일, 70℃에서 18일, 75℃에서 12일, 80℃에서 6일, Sal. Typhimurium은 65℃에서 24일, 70℃에서 22일, 75℃에서 14일, 80℃에서 7일 이상 건열처리 하였을 때 완전히 불활성화 되었다. 모든 균주는 65℃에서 80℃로 온도가 상승할 때 특정 온도에서 세균의 90%를 죽이는 데 필요한 시간인 D-값(R²=0.5656-0.7957)이 유의미하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 80℃에서 7일간 건열처리 하였을 때 발아율이 70% 미만으로 감소하였기 때문에 75℃에서 14일간 건열처리 하는 것이 알팔파 종자의 안전성을 확보하는데 있어 가장 효과적인 방법이다. 이 연구는 알팔파 종자의 안전성을 확보하고 일정한 품질의 새싹을 생산하는데 기초자료로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1993

The protection of dry matter and nitrogen from rumen degradation of dhaincha seed (Sesbania aculeate) meal was studied using nylon bag technique. The dhaincha seed meal was subjected to various heat treatments that included oven drying, autoclaving and boiling. Similar experiment was conducted with fish meal as reference for comparison. The oven-dried dhaincha meal was found to retain more dry matter and nitrogen than was found boiled or autoclaved meal. While autoclaving appeared to improve nitrogen and dry matter retention to some extent, boiling seemed to cause more loss of dry matter from nylon bag. Heat treatment caused high retention of nitrogen by fish meal. The calculated effective protein degradation was 80.4% and 83.2% for the oven dried fish meal and dhaincha seed meal whereas same values were 74.2% and 86.7% for autoclaved fish and dhaincha seed meal respectively at the outflow rate of 4.4% per hour. The in vitro study revealed higher digestibility for heat treated samples by pepsin. The dry matter, nitrogen and ash content of dhaincha seed meal were 85.93%, 5.93% and 7.31% respectively.