• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 1999

The Government has recently planned to improve the medical insurance drug price systems by removing the drug margin occurring from the difference between the official and purchasing prices, and instead by setting prices through adding drug administration casts calculated to the purchasing costs. In the circumstances, the major policy and implementing issues are how to define the drug administrance cost and how to calculate them. This study attempts to provide for the conceptional and operational definitions and thereby develop a costing model for the cost. The relationship between the current systems of medical services costs and prices were reviewed to define the concept of the costs. The study defined the costs from the narrow and wide prospective of meaning, and three operational definitions were provided. The costing model was developed applying the departmental costing principles. Finally, several prerequisites that have to be considered for the implementation of the definition and the model from the practical viewpoint.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-110
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• 2003

Fiscal crisis in the medical insurance has put the pressure upon hospitals by increasing the rate of curtailment, since the implementation of the separation between prescription and dispensing of Drug. The purpose of this study is to analyze the curtailment for antibiotics, injected drug and other drugs expenditure before and after the system of separation between prescribing and dispensing. Data were gathered from 13 general hospitals and used for analysis of trends on antibiotics and injected drug expenditure, and curtailment in 2000-2001 at three months intervals. The results were as follows; The curtailment rate of antibiotics expenditure has been increased in outpatient and inpatient since 2000. The curtailed antibiotics cost and injected drug cost in outpatient under the prescription within the hospital and in inpatient increased. The ratios of curtailment versus expenditure had increased in antibiotics, injected drugs, anticancer drugs, antiulcer drugs, albumine, antiinflammatory drugs. These results suggest that claim review system in social health insurance were over-focused mainly to control the cost and it might to impede the validity of claim review function in health insurance system. Therefore, it's needed to develope the scientific and reasonable parameter & criteria for claim review of drug expenditure.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to derive medical devices with different management systems through comparison of domestic and overseas medical device product classification systems and to propose management conversion measures for the products. The definitions of medical devices were compared and the scope of medical devices defined by each country was confirmed through surveys of the Medical Device Act, Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetics Act (FD&C) in the U.S., and Medical Device Regulations (MDR) in Europe. Using the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's regulations on medical device products and grades, 21 CFR part 860-892 and product code classification files in U.S., and EMDN in Europe as basic data to compare medical device products and derive medical devices with different management systems. As a result of comparing the definition and product classification systems of medical devices in Korea, the U.S. and Europe, medical device accessories, prosthetic limbs and aids among assistive devices for persons with disabilities, drugs, quasi-drugs and industrial products that are not managed by medical devices in Korea are managed as medical devices in the U.S. and Europe. This study aims to improve public health by securing systematic product safety management and essential performance under medical device regulations. Management within a single medical device system will increase the efficiency of licensing work of domestic medical device manufacturers and related organizations. It is also expected to help advance the system according to the international harmony of the item classification system and enhance smooth import and export competitiveness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.568-578
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine current status of IT-based medication error prevention system construction and the relationships among system construction, medication error management climate and perception for system use. Methods: The participants were 124 patient safety chief managers working for 124 hospitals with over 300 beds in Korea. The characteristics of the participants, construction status and perception of systems (electric pharmacopoeia, electric drug dosage calculation system, computer-based patient safety reporting and bar-code system) and medication error management climate were measured in this study. The data were collected between June and August 2011. Descriptive statistics, partial Pearson correlation and MANCOVA were used for data analysis. Results: Electric pharmacopoeia were constructed in 67.7% of participating hospitals, computer-based patient safety reporting systems were constructed in 50.8%, electric drug dosage calculation systems were in use in 32.3%. Bar-code systems showed up the lowest construction rate at 16.1% of Korean hospitals. Higher rates of construction of IT-based medication error prevention systems resulted in greater safety and a more positive error management climate prevailed. Conclusion: The supportive strategies for improving perception for use of IT-based systems would add to system construction, and positive error management climate would be more easily promoted.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.373-386
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• 2022

Purpose: This study proposes the application of Six Sigma management innovation method for more systematically enhanced execution of Quality by Design (QbD) activities. QbD requires a deeper understanding of the product and process at the design and development stage of the drug, and it is very important to ensure that no fault is fundamentally generated through thorough process control. Methods: Analyzing the background and specific procedures of quality improvement based on the drug design basis, and analyzing the key contents of each step, we have differentated and common points from the 6 Sigma methodology. We propose a new model of Six Sigma management innovation method suitable for pharmaceutical industry. Results: Regulatory agencies are demanding results from statistical analysis as a scientific basis in developing medicines to treat human life through quality improvement activities based on drug design. By utilizing the education system to improve the statistical analysis capacity in the Six Sigma activities and operating the 6 Sigma Belt system in conjunction, it helped systematically strengthen the execution power of quality improvement activities based on pharmaceutical design based on the members of the pharmaceutical industry. Conclusion: By using QbD Six Sigma, which combines quality enhancement based on pharmaceutical design basis and Six Sigma methodology suitable for pharmaceutical industry, it is possible to obtain satisfactory results both by pharmaceutical companies and regulators by using appropriate statistical analysis methods for preparing scientific evidence data required by regulatory.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.2165-2171
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• 2015

Due to the development of improved living conditions and medical technology in recent periodic taking drugs is increasing through the outpatient rather than inpatient hospital care. Particularly in the case of patients suffering from geriatric diseases. This geriatric patients should have more attention to the taking medication management because it must keep the medication period. In this paper, we propose and describe an taking medicine information service system for the period and stable taking medicine in patients using the NFC-based u-Drug Cap and technology development and system test results. The developed system is through proper taking medicine information and alarm of geriatric patients or elderly patients. The patient's health can be maintained by preventing not taking and over taking of medicine.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.147-168
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• 2006

Technological innovation has been regarded as the core competence for the economic growth of individual, as well as organization and country. Pharmaceutical innovation, what we call new medicines, influence people's longevity and productivity by increasing output per hour worked. Therefore, using claims data on virtually all the drugs and diseases of over 550,000 people enrolled in National Health Insurance Program in Korea, we examined the impact of the vintage (original FDA and KFDA approval year) of drugs used to treat a patients from July 1st to December 31st in 2002 on the patient's mortality at the end of 2004, controlling for demographic characteristics(age and sex), utilization of medical services, and the nature and complexity of illness. We found that people using newer drugs are less likely to die at the end of 2004, conditional on covariates. The estimated mortality rates were declining with respect to drug vintage for 1970s, 1980s and 1990s and highly significant. In addition to estimating the model for the entire sample, we estimated the model separately for several disease categories classified by Korean Classification of Disease. Estimates of three drug vintage variables for subgroups of people with (1)neoplasms, (2)endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and (3)the diseases of circulatory system displayed similar patterns.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 2007

Effective and systematic sanitation management programs are necessary to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks in school foodservice operations. The purpose of this study was to identify the elements to improve in order to ensure the safety of school food service by evaluating sanitation management practices implemented under HACCP-based programs. The survey was designed to assess the level of hygiene practices of school food service by using an inspection checklist of food hygiene and safety. Fifty-four school foodservice establishments considered as poor sanitation practice groups from two year inspections by Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education were surveyed from September to December in 2005. Inspection checklists consisted of seven categories with 50 checkpoints; facilities and equipment management, personal hygiene, ingredient control, process control, environmental sanitation management, HACCP system and safety management. Surveyed schools scored $68.0{\pm}12.42$ points out of 100 on average. The average score (% of compliance) of each field was 10.7/20 (53.3%) for facilities and equipment management, 7.4/11 (67.2%) for personal hygiene, 7.4/11 (74.1%) for ingredient control, 22.4/32 (69.8%) for process control, 8.9/12 (73.8%) for environmental sanitation management, 4.2/7 (59.7%) for HACCP systems management, and 7.2/8 (89.7%) for safety management, respectively. The field to be improved first was the sanitation control of facilities and equipment. The elements to improve this category were unprofessional consultation for kitchen layout, improper compartment of the kitchen area, lacks of pest control, inadequate water supply, poor ventilation system, and insufficient hand-washing facilities. To elevate the overall performance level of sanitation management, prerequisite programs prior to HACCP plan implementation should be stressed on the school officials, specifically principals, for the integration of the system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.7 s.110
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• pp.977-984
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• 2006

This paper is intended to trace and management of drug based on RFID Technology at a circulation market, from manufacturer to end user, of drug. To avoid counterfeit and generic drug and establish of order in the circulation of drug, at the moment of manufacturing, tags for each bottle and each box are tagged. and then from factory to hospital, through whole logistics, e-pedigree for the drug is made and monitored. Using inventory information, it is easy to manage and control stock of drug. In addition to, RFID System enables storing and delivery to be simple, process time to be shortened. As this research is to study of applying RFID to drug, in this paper, standard RFID code for drug is suggested and tried to apply domestic middle win. Finally, the result of tag pattern design and how to tag for the drug based on 90Mhz is proposed

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2010

Many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are devastating disorders that affect millions of people worldwide. However, the number of therapeutic options remains severely limited with only symptomatic management therapies available. With the better understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, discovery efforts for disease-modifying drugs have increased dramatically in recent years. However, the process of translating basic science discovery into novel therapies is still lagging behind for various reasons. The task of finding new effective drugs targeting central nervous system (CNS) has unique challenges due to blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, the relatively slow progress of neurodegenerative disorders create another level of difficulty, as clinical trials must be carried out for an extended period of time. This review is intended to provide molecular and cell biologists with working knowledge and resources on CNS drug discovery and development.