• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2021

Advances in nanobiotechnology have presented numerous possibilities of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic options. In particular, gold nanoparticles have demonstrated the potential for application in molecular imaging and treatment of cancers, including drug delivery system of certain target molecules, enhancement of radiation therapy, and photothermal treatment. This review discusses the properties, mechanism of action, and clinical application of gold nanoparticles. Although the safety of nanoparticles is yet to be ascertained, there is no doubt that in the future, nanotechnology will play an important role in the development and enhancement of a wide range of diagnostic and treatment modalities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2017

Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug widely used to treat epileptic seizures. Using whole-cell voltage clamp recordings in combination with a fast drug application approach, we investigated the effects of lamotrigine on 5-hydroxytryptamine $(5-HT)_3$ receptors in NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells. Co-application of lamotrigine ($1{\sim}300{\mu}M$) resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in peak amplitude of currents induced by $3{\mu}m$ of 5-HT for an $IC_{50}$ value of $28.2{\pm}3.6{\mu}M$ with a Hill coefficient of $1.2{\pm}0.1$. These peak amplitude decreases were accompanied by the rise slope reduction. In addition, $5-HT_3$-mediated currents evoked by 1 mM dopamine, a partial $5-HT_3$ receptor agonist, were inhibited by lamotrigine co-application. The $EC_{50}$ of 5-HT for $5-HT_3$ receptor currents were shifted to the right by co-application of lamotrigine without a significant change of maximal effect. Currents activated by 5-HT and lamotrigine co-application in the presence of 1 min pretreatment of lamotrigine were similar to those activated by 5-HT and lamotrigine co-application alone. Moreover, subsequent application of lamotrigine in the presence of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole, known to attenuate $5-HT_3$ receptor desensitization, inhibited $5-HT_3$ receptor currents in a concentration-dependent manner. The deactivation of $5-HT_3$ receptor was delayed by washing with an external solution containing lamotrigine. Lamotrigine accelerated the desensitization process of $5-HT_3$ receptors. There was no voltage-dependency in the inhibitory effects of lamotrigine on the $5-HT_3$ receptor currents. These results indicate that lamotrigine inhibits $5-HT_3$-activated currents in a competitive manner by binding to the open state of the channels and blocking channel activation or accelerating receptor desensitization.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1997

General steps in the discovery and development of novel drugs in the United States are presented. The first step is the discovery of novel drugs. Brief histories and mechanisms of a few novel drugs in the American market are outlined. In this presentation preclinical animal toxicologic studies (drug safety evaluateion) are emphasized in regard to drug development. When preclinical animal studies have defined the toxicity and the doses at which it occurs an Investigational new Drug Application (IND) is submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) An IND notifies the FDA the intention to begin testing a novel drug in human subjects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

Drug development and preclinical trials are challenging processes and more than 80% to 90% of drug candidates fail to gain approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration. Predictive and efficient tools are required to discover high quality targets and increase the probability of success in the process of new drug development. One such solution to the challenges faced in the development of new drugs and combination therapies is the use of low-cost and experimentally manageable in vivo animal models. Since the 1980's, scientists have been able to genetically modify the mouse genome by removing or replacing a specific gene, which has improved the identification and validation of target genes of interest. Now genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are widely used and have proved to be a powerful tool in drug discovery processes. This review particularly covers recent fascinating technologies for drug discovery and preclinical trials, targeted transgenesis and RNAi mouse, including application and combination of inducible system. Improvements in technologies and the development of new GEMMs are expected to guide future applications of these models to drug discovery and preclinical trials.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.405.2-405.2
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• 2002

A near infrared (NIR) method was developed to analyze specious diversity for morphologically similar umbelliferous herbal medicine. Cnidium officinale Makino. This herbal medicine has been widely used as 'chungung' without any discrimination of its quality and original plants. though it has the ambiguous origins of plants between various countries especially Korea. China and Japan. It is named by Cnidium officinale Makino in Korea and Japan. in comparison with Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. in China. (omitted)

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2251-2261
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• 2013

본 연구는 간호 대학생들의 약물용량계산 능력을 개발, 증진하기 위해 학습용 스마트폰 어플리케이션을 개발하고 평가하기 위한 것이다. 충분한 자료를 근거로 콘텐츠를 구성한 후에 교육용 시스템으로 구현하는 과정으로 개발하였고, 전문가 집단에 의해 평가받았다. 간호대학생 37명을 대상으로 4주간의 중재 후, 참여도에 따른 자료를 SPSS WIN 18.0을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 어플리케이션의 사용정도에 따라 학습목표의 성취도(${\chi}^2$=10.90, p=.004), 업무 적용도(Z=2.86, p=.004), 수학적 자신감은 유의하게 증진(Z=3.07, p=.002)되었으나, 학업적 효능감에는 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 어플리케이션은 간호 대학생들의 약물용량계산 능력을 강화하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있는 교육용 프로그램이라 여겨지나, 보다 효과적으로 약물계산역량을 향상시키기 위해서는 학업적 효능감을 높이고, 참여를 적극적으로 격려하는 어플리케이션이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the use of vibrating microneedles for the transdermal delivery of vitamin C. The microneedles were designed to vibrate at three levels of intensity. In vitro permeation by vitamin C was evaluated according to the specific conditions such as vibration intensity (levels 1, 2 and 3), application time (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 min), and application power (500, 700 and 1,000 g). The highest permeation of vitamin C was observed at level 3 of vibration intensity, 5 min of application, and 1,000 g of application power. Vitamin C gel showed no cytotoxic effect against Pam212 cells or skin irritation effects. A pharmacokinetic study of the gel in rats was conducted under optimized conditions. The $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ and $C_{max}$ increased 1.35-fold and 1.44-fold, respectively, compared with those after vitamin C gel without application with vibrating microneedles. The present study suggests that vibrating microneedles can be used to facilitate the skin permeability of vitamin C under optimal conditions.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2014

Purpose: There is an issue in applying various principles introduced in established Korean medical classics to "Pharmaceuticals Approval, Notification and Review" of "herbal medicinal preparations" and "new drugs from natural products" that are used for western forms of medical treatment. Thus, an analysis of the origin, purpose, and application of established Korean medical classics in the Korean Pharmaceutical Affairs Act is essential. Methods: We collected data regarding the origin, purpose, and application of established Korean medical classics in the Korean Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, and classified them by periodical change and subjects. Results: Established Korean medical classics are applied as follows: 1) as criteria for Korean medicine distributors' sales of mixed herbal drugs (Pharmaceutical Affairs Act; since 1953), 2) as official compendiums for pharmacists' preparation of Korean medicine (Ministry of Health and Welfare's authoritative interpretation; from early 1970s to 1993), 3) as standards for oriental pharmacists' quality measurement of preparations (notification of the Ministry of Health and Welfare; since 1995), 4) as criteria for "Pharmaceuticals Approval, Notification and Review" of herbal medicinal preparations and crude drug preparations (notifications regarding drug approval process by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; since 1978), and 5) as standards for the quality of materials of health functional food (from 2004 to 2011). Conclusion: The application of Korean medical classics has been closely related with the change of the laws, regulations, and systems that are relevant to Korean medicine, and it seems to be more favorable for pharmacists than oriental pharmacists. Meanwhile, regulations that apply prescriptions that are recorded in Korean medical classics - dosage, indications, and preparation methods - as criteria for the approval of crude drug preparations for western medical treatment should be abolished.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.22-35
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• 1992

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of herbal organic extracts on the pain response provoked by noxious stimuli on dental nerve and the peripheral nerve conduction. Cats (2-2.5Kg regardless of sex) that were chosen as experimental animals were classified into control group, Asiasari radix application group and Zingiberis rhizoma application group. They were anesthetized with ${\alpha}$-chloralose, then anterior belly of digastric muscle of both sides were exposed and wire electrodes were inserted for recording of Electromyogram (EMG). Cavities were prepared on canines until pulp of the teeth were exposed. And after the drugs solubilized for 2% and 4% concentration (W/V) in vehicle were applied, their effects were compared through the recording of EMG immediately after drug application, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 5 days after, respectively. And after both inferior alveolar nerves were exposed, 4% organic extracts of Zingiberis rhizoma and Asiasari radix were applied for 30 minutes then the change of jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerves were observed immediately after washing out, at 30, 60 and 90 minutes after drug had been washed out. After saphenous nerve of both sides were exposed, one side of nerve was used for vehicle application and the other side was used for drug application for 30 minutes. Then conduction of action potential of A-${\delta}$ and C-fiders of saphenous nerves, which have changed with time, was recorded. With analysis of these records, the following results were obtained: 1. Organic extract of Zingiberis rhizoma (2% or 4% concentration) greatly suppressed EMG of digastric muscle provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve at five days after application, the suppressive: effect was greater than that of organic extract of Asiasari radix. 2. Organic extract of Asiasari radix (2% or 4% concentration) suppressed jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve, at 5 days after drug application. 3. Organic extract of Zingiberis rhizoma and Asiasari radix (immediately after 30 minutes application) suppressed neural conduction of A-${\delta}$ and C-fibers, the suppressive effect was greater on A-${\delta}$ fibers than on C-fibers. 4. Jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve in inferior alveolar nerve was greatly suppressed 30 minutes after drug application, this effect was greater by Zingiberis rhizoma than by Asiasari radix.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.300.1-300.1
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• 2003

Salmon calcitonin (sCT) is a therapeutic polypeptide hormone consisting of 32 amino acids (3432 Da). As with other bioactive peptide therapeutics, however, therapeutic use of sCT has been limited due to the problems of short circulating half-life and rapid proteolytic degradation. To get over this problem, the three positional isomers of mono-PEGylated sCT were prepared and among these, the best drug candiate for nasal application was chosen. (omitted)