• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.638-643
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• 2021

농업분야를 비롯한 식품산업 등 다양한 산업에서 사용되고 있는 오일은 기능성 화장품 개발에도 주요한 원료로 사용되고 있다. 오일은 산소나 빛, 습기 또는 고온에 노출되면 화학적으로 불안정하고 산화되기가 쉬운 특징이 있어 이러한 환경에 그대로 노출되지 않도록 캡슐화하기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 오일보다 밀도가 큰 냉매 안에 오일을 주입하면, 오일과 냉매의 밀도차로 인한 부력에 의해 오일이 떠오르면서 오일을 캡슐화 할 수 있는데, 본 연구에서는 이러한 방식의 오일 캡슐레이션 장비를 개발함에 있어 오일 캡슐화의 최적의 장비 구동조건을 찾기 위하여 다상유동에 대한 전산해석을 이용하여 오일 캡슐레이션 현상을 모사하였다. 냉매로는 물이나 세럼(Serum)을 이용할 수 있는 데, 상대적으로 점도가 상당히 작은 물을 냉매로 사용했을 경우는 오일과 물을 지속적으로 주입시키는 방식으로 장비를 구동하더라도 오일액적이 잘 생성됨을 알 수 있었으나, 점도가 매우 큰 세럼을 냉매로 사용했을 경우는 오일이 액적의 형태로 노즐에서 이탈되지 않고 길게 늘어지는 양상을 나타냈다. 세럼을 냉매로 이용한 경우는 오일을 연속으로 주입시키는 방법 대신 짧은 순간 빠르게 주입한 후 얼마의 시간동안 주입을 멈춰 부력에 의해 오일액적을 노즐로부터 이탈시키는 방법을 이용하면 오일액적 생성이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of polyherbal extract, DM2 consisting of Atractylodis Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex, and Moutan Radicles Cortex in high fat diet-induced obesity mice. Methods: DM2 extract was prepared with a hot water. Six-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then administrated with DM2 extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.) for 4 weeks. The changes of physiological markers, body weight (BW), food and water intakes, and the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured once a week for 4 weeks in mice. The the serum levels of glucose, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in sera were measured in mice using autometic chemical analyzer and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. We also observed the histological changes of liver and pancreatic tissues with Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. Results: In physiological change, the increases of BW, calorie intake, and FBG in HFD-induced obese mice were significantly decreased after administration of DM2 extract for 4 weeks. The decrease of water intake was significantly increased in DM2 extract-administrated mice. In serological change, the administration of DM2 extract in obesity mice was significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose, insulin, T-CHO, AST, and ALT levels. We also found that DM2 extract inhibited the increase of lipid droplets in liver and the structural destruction of pancreatic tissues in obesity mice. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that DM2 extract has antiobesity antidiabetic effects with body weight loss, decrease of glucose and insulin levels, and lipid accumulation on liver tissue.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2022

Objective: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a critical economic indicator of pork quality. Studies on IMF among different pig breeds have been performed via high-throughput sequencing, but comparisons within the same pig breed remain unreported. Methods: This study was performed to explore the gene profile and identify candidate long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) and mRNAs associated with IMF deposition among Laiwu pigs with different IMF contents. Based on the longissimus dorsi muscle IMF content, eight pigs from the same breed and management were selected and divided into two groups: a high IMF (>12%, H) and low IMF group (<5%, L). Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore the differentially expressed (DE) genes between these two groups. Results: The IMF content varied greatly among Laiwu pig individuals (2.17% to 13.93%). Seventeen DE lncRNAs (11 upregulated and 6 downregulated) and 180 mRNAs (112 upregulated and 68 downregulated) were found. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the following biological processes played an important role in IMF deposition: fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic processes; the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade; and white fat cell differentiation. In addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were enriched in the pathway analysis. Intersection analysis of the target genes of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs revealed seven candidate genes associated with IMF accumulation. Five DE lncRNAs and 20 DE mRNAs based on the pig quantitative trait locus database were identified and shown to be related to fat deposition. The expression of five DE lncRNAs and mRNAs was verified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of qRT-PCR and RNA-sequencing were consistent. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the different IMF contents among pig individuals may be due to the DE lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with lipid droplets and fat deposition.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 RF/DC 마그네트론 증착법을 이용하여 유리 기판 상에 실온에서 TIZO/Ag/TIZO 다층막 투명전극 필름을 증착하였다. 전체 박막 두께 60 nm TIZO/Ag/TIZO (10 nm/10 nm/40 nm)로 이루어진 다층막의 경우 650 nm에서 투과도는 86.5%, 면저항 값은 8.1 Ω/□를 나타냈으며, 적외선(열선)을 효과적으로 차단할 수 있는 투과도 특성 때문에 향후 에너지 절약형 스마트 윈도우로서의 적용도 가능할 것으로 판단된다. TIZO/Ag/TIZO 다층막 투명전극을 적용한 폴리에스터 아크릴레이트 기반 고분자분산액정(polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, PDLC) 시스템에 있어서 액정과 prepolymer의 함량비, PDLC 코팅층의 두께 및 자외선 세기 변화에 따른 전기광학 특성 및 표면 형태학에 미치는 영향이 조사되었다. 15 ㎛의 PDLC 층 두께에 1.5 mW/cm²의 UV 세기로 광경화된 TIZO/Ag/TIZO 다층막 투명전극 적용 PDLC 셀이 전반적으로 양호한 구동 전압과 on-state 투과도 및 뛰어난 off haze를 나타냈으며, PDLC 복합체의 고분자 매트릭스 표면에 형성된 액정 droplet들은 입사광을 효율적으로 산란시킬 수 있는 1~3 ㎛ 크기를 갖고 있었다. 또한, 본 연구에서 제조된 TIZO/Ag/TIZO 다층막 투명전극 적용 PDLC 기반 스마트 윈도우는 연한 갈색의 색조를 띠고 있어서 심미적 측면에서 색다른 장점을 부여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2022

우박은 강한 상승 기류에 의하여 빙결 고도 이상에서 수적이 상승과 하강을 반복함에 따라 얼음덩어리로 성장 후 지상으로 낙하하는 현상을 의미한다. 이러한 우박은 단기간 내 국지적인 영역에서 발생하여 농림업 분야에 큰 피해를 미치지만 우박에 대한 예측을 수행하는 국내 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국가농림기상센터 LAMP를 이용한 우박 예측을 소개하고, 2020년 1월부터 2021년 7월까지 발생한 50개의 우박 사례에 대하여 LAMP 우박 예측 성능을 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 우박 사례의 경우 봄철에 주로 오후 시간대에 발생 빈도가 높았고, 우박의 지속 시간은 평균 15분이었으며, 우박의 직경은 1 cm로 나타났다. LAMP의 우박 예측 성능을 정성적으로 평가한 결과 50개의 사례 가운데 35개 사례에 대하여 우박 예측에 성공하여 탐지율은 70%로 나타났다. LAMP의 우박 예측 성능은 우박을 예측하는 시간이 길어짐에 따라 저하된 것으로 사료된다. 실제 우박 사례에 대한 레이더 반사도를 조사한 결과, 고도에 무관하게 최대 반사도가 40 dBZ 이상이었고, 우박 사례의 약 50%가 30~50 dBZ 사이로 나타났는데, 이러한 결과는 현재 LAMP의 우박 예측 성능을 향후 보완하기 위한 자료로 활용될 것이다. LAMP를 활용한 우박 예측 성능이 향상됨으로써 농림업 분야에서 망 피복 등의 선제적 조치를 통해 우박에 의한 경제적 손실이 줄어들 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2022

비만은 에너지의 섭취와 소비의 불균형으로 인해 지방조직이 과도하게 분화하여 과잉 축적이 되면서 발생하게 되는 대사질환 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서 저자들은 3T3-L1 지방세포를 이용해 천연 유래 6 종 혼합물인 SliMax의 항비만 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 SliMax는 지방분화 단계에서 후기 분화를 조절하는 것으로 알려진 PPARγ와 C/EBPα의 발현 억제를 통해 지방분화를 억제하는 결과를 보였다. 또한 지방세포 분화 유도 후 지방세포 분해 과정에서 SliMax는 지방분해 관련 단백질인 ATGL과 HSL 발현 증가를 통해 큰 사이즈의 단방성 지방구를 작은 사이즈의 수많은 다방성 지방구로 분해하였다. 마지막으로 갈색지방으로 유도하는 효능을 확인하기 위해 UCP-1의 발현과 미토콘드리아 양을 면역형광염색법으로 확인한 결과 SliMax가 지방세포의 UCP-1의 발현과 미토콘드리아 양을 증가시켰다. 결과를 종합해볼 때, 천연 유래 혼합물인 SliMax는 지방 분화억제와 지방분해 촉진을 통해 지방구의 형성을 억제하고, 열 생산과 에너지 소비와 관련된 갈색지방화 촉진 기능을 가져 항비만 소재로의 가능성을 가진다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2023

Objective: Muscle acetylcholine receptors have five alpha subunits (α, β, δ, ε, or γ), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit (CHRNG) is the γ subunit. It may also play an essential role in biological processes, including cell differentiation, growth, and survival, while the role of CHRNG has not been studied in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of CHRNG on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. Methods: We constructed a CHRNG overexpression adenovirus vector and successfully overexpressed it on bovine preadipocytes. The effects of CHRNG on bovine preadipocyte proliferation were detected by Edu assay, cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot and other techniques. We also performed oil red O, RT-qPCR, Western blot to explore its effect on the differentiation of preadipocytes. Results: The results of Edu proliferation experiments showed that the number of EDU-positive cells in the overexpression group was significantly less. CCK-8 experiments found that the optical density values of the cells in the overexpression group were lower than those of the control group, the mRNA levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin A2 (CCNA2), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin D2 (CCND2) decreased significantly after CHRNG gene overexpression, the mRNA levels of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) increased significantly, and the protein levels of PCNA, CCNB1, CCND2 decreased significantly. Overexpression of CHRNG inhibited the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. The results of oil red O and triglyceride determination showed that the size and speed of lipid droplets accumulation in the overexpression group were significantly lower. The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR class="checkNonKBPoint">γ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPα), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN) decreased significantly. Conclusion: Overexpression of CHRNG in bovine preadipocytes inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.144-155
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• 2023

Objective: Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by a variety of functional genes and noncoding RNAs. However, the role of miRNAs in lipid deposition of goat white adipose tissue is still unclear. Therefore, this study revealed the miRNA expression profile in goat subcutaneous adipocytes by sRNA-seq. Methods: The miRNA expressed in goat subcutaneous preadipocytes and the mature adipocytes were sequenced by sRNA-seq. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEm) were screened and gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia for genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function combined with oil red O staining, Bodipy staining, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were utilized to determine the effect of miR-133a-3p on adipocyte differentiation. Results: A total of 218 DEm were screened out. The target genes of these DEm were significantly enriched in GO items such as biological regulation and in KEGG terms such as FAK signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. qPCR verified that the expression trend of miRNA was consistent with miRNA-seq. The gain-of-function or loss-of-function of miR-133a-3p showed that it promoted or inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ were extremely significantly up-regulated or down-regulated respectively (p<0.01), the loss-of-function also led to a significant down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study successfully identified miRNAs expression patterns in goat subcutaneous adipocytes, and functional identification indicates that miR-133a-3p is a positive regulator of the differentiation process of goat subcutaneous adipocytes. Our results lay the foundation for the molecular mechanism of lipid deposition in meat-source goats from the perspective of miRNA.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

Objectives : Daesiho-tang (DSHT) has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarct in traditional medicine. However, there was not report on the anti-obesity-related diseases efficacy of DSHT. In this study, we investigated the effects for the new formulation of DSHT, on the adipocyte differentiation cycle in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods : 3T3-L1 cells were treated with DSHT (50, 100, $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) during differentiation for 6 days. Also, the inhibitory effect of DSHT against 3T3-L1 adipogenesis was evaluated in various stage of adipogenesis such as early (0-2day), intermediate (2-4day), and terminal stage (4-6day). The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining. and, the expressions of genes related to adipogenesis were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Results : DSHT showed inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation at 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without affect cell toxicity as assessed by measuring fat accumulation and adipogenesis. In addition, DSHT significantly reduced the expression levels of several adipocyte marker genes including proliferator activated $receptor-{\gamma}$ ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) and CCAAT/ enhancer-binding $protein-{\alpha}$ ($C/EBP-{\alpha}$). Also, the anti-adipogenic effect of DSHT was strongly limited in the intermediate (2-4 day), terminal stage (4-6 day) of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. In addition, the DSHT treatment down- regulated mRNA expression levels of $PPAR-{\gamma}$,, $C/EBP-{\alpha}$ in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusions : These results suggest that, the ability of DSHT has inhibited overall adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cells. The new formulation of DSHT may be a promising medicine for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2022

Objectives This study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Imyo-san (IMS) on the obese mice model induced by high-fat diet. Methods Antioxidative capacity was measured by in vitro method. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=7). Normal group was fed general diet (Normal). The other 4 groups were fed high fat diet (HFD) with water (Control), with Garcinia gummi-gutta (GG, Garcinia gummi-gutta 200 mg/kg), with low-dose IMS (IMSL, Imyo-san 0.54 g/kg) and with high-dose IMS (IMSH, Imyo-san 1.08 g/kg). Results IMS showed high radical scavenging activity. After 6 week experiment, body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio (FER), epididymal fat and liver weight, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), SREBP-2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), phospho-liver kinase B1 (p-LKB1), phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 𝛼 (PPAR𝛼), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 𝛾 coactivator-1𝛼 (PGC-1𝛼), uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT-1A), and histology of liver and epididymal fat were measured and analysed. Body weight gain, FER, liver and epididymal fat weight of IMS groups were significantly decreased. There were significant improvements in blood lipids with less TG, TC, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and more HDL-cholesterol. Proteins associated with lipid synthesis (SREBP-1, p-ACC, FAS, SCD-1) and cholesterol (SREBP-2, HMGCR) was improved. Factors regulating lipid synthesis and lipid catabolism (p-LKBI, p-AMPK, PPARα, PGC-1α, UCP-2, CPT-1A) were increased. In histological examinations, IMS group had smaller fat droplets than control group. All results increased depending on concentration. Conclusions It can be suggested that IMS has anti-obesity effects with improving lipid metabolism.