• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2008

본 연구는 보리함유 고단백질 사료의 급여가 비육돈의 생산성 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위해 시험을 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종[(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc]의 비육돈 56두를 공시하였으며, 시험 개시 시 체중이 85.08 kg이었고, 6주간 사양시험온 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) CON(기초사료) 및 2) HB5(5% 보리함유 고단백질 사료)로 2개 처리를 하여 처리 당 7반복, 반복 당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 전체 사양시험 기간 동안의 체중, 일당증체량, 일당사료섭취량 및 사료효율은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며(p>0.05), 육색에 있어서 황색도를 나타내는 b값은 대조구가 HB5처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 보수력은 HB5처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.05), 육즙감량은 3일, 5일 및 7일에서 HB5처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮은 감량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 등지방두께, 생시체중, 도체중, 지육율 및 도체등급은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 결론적으로, 본 시험의 결과 비육돈에 보리함유 고단백질 사료의 급여는 육색, 보수력 및 육즙감량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.23.1-23.17
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• 2016

Background: The functionality of myofibrillar proteins is a major factor influencing the quality attributes of muscle foods. Nonetheless, the relationships between muscle type and oxidative changes in chevon during ageing are meagrely elucidated. Postmortem changes in antioxidant status and physicochemical properties of glycolytic gluteus medius (GM) and oxidative infraspinatus (IS) muscles in goats were compared. Methods: Twenty Boer bucks (9-10 months old, body weight of $36.9{\pm}0.725kg$) were slaughtered and the carcasses were subjected to chill storage ($4{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$). Analyses were conducted on GM and IS muscles sampled on 0, 1, 4 and 7 d postmortem. Results: Chill storage did not affect the antioxidant enzyme activities in both muscles. The IS had greater (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase and catalase activities than GM. Carotenoid and tocopherol contents did not differ between muscles but decreased (P < 0.05) over storage. The IS had higher (P < 0.05) glycogen and ultimate pH and lower (P < 0.05) shear force and cooking loss than GM. The carbonyl content, % metmyoglobin, drip loss and TBARS increased (P <0.05) while free thiol, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), shear force and myoglobin decreased (P < 0.05) over storage. Muscle type had no effect (P > 0.05) on free thiol, MRA and TBARS. The GM had lower (P < 0.05) redness on d 0 and 1 than IS while the IS had greater carbonyl, % metmyoglobin and drip loss than GM on d 7. The reflective density of slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) was higher (P < 0.05) while the density of fast MHC and actin was lower (P < 0.05) in IS than GM. Regardless of muscle type, the density of MHC decreased (P < 0.05) while that of actin was stable over storage. Nonetheless, the degradation of fast and slow MHC was greater (P < 0.05) in IS than GM. Muscle type had no effect (P > 0.05) on consumer preference for flavour, juiciness and overall acceptability. However, IS had higher (P < 0.05) tenderness score than GM on d 1 and 4 postmortem. Intramuscular fat was higher (P< 0.05) in IS compared with GM. Fatty acid composition did not differ between the muscles. However, GM had lower (P < 0.05) n-6/n-3 ratio than IS. The n-3 and n-6 PUFA declined (P < 0.05) while the SFA increased (P < 0.05) over storage. Conclusion: The changes in myofibrillar proteins and physicochemical properties of goat meat during postmortem chill storage are muscle-dependent.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1940-1947
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• 2022

Objective: This study examined the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) on performance, tibial characteristics, meat quality and plasma biochemical variables in yellow-feathered broilers during 85 to 105 d of age. Methods: A total of 720 heads of 85-d broilers were allocated into 9 groups and provided with three levels of Ca (0.65%, 0.75%, 0.85%), and NPP (0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%) in diets for 21 d. Results: The final body weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were affected (p<0.05) by dietary Ca. From the quadratic regressions, the optimal level of Ca in diet were 0.71% for FW and ADG, and 0.67% for ADFI. Dietary Ca and NPP both significantly affected tibial breaking strength and density. From the quadratic regressions, the optimal level of Ca and NPP in diet were 0.81% and 0.37% for tibial density. The shear force of breast muscle of broilers given 0.75% or 0.85% Ca were lower than that in birds with 0.65% Ca and drip loss of birds given 0.65% or 0.75% Ca was lower than that in birds with 0.85% Ca (p<0.05). The drip loss of birds given 0.25% NPP was lowest among all NPP treatments (p<0.05). Calcium affected (p<0.05) the plasmal contents of phosphorus, osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin and the contents of OC and PTH were also influenced by dietary NPP. Conclusion: Dietary Ca and NPP level affected tibial characteristics, meat quality and biochemical variables in plasma of finisher-phase yellow-feathered broilers (85 to 105 d) and Ca also affected growth performance. Dietary 0.71% Ca and 0.30% NPP were enough for growth performance, while considering the growth performance, tibial characteristics, meat quality and biochemical variables together, 0.75% Ca and 0.37% NPP were recommended.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 1979

새로운 단백질자원인 남빙양산크릴의 효율적인 이용을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 식품원료학적인 특성의 구명에 주목적을 두어 연구를 수행하였다. 즉 1978년 1월 30일 남비양에서 어획하여 생동결 및 자숙동결한 크릴을 시료로 하여 일반성분조성, 아미노산조성, 중금속류의 함량, 가식부의 비율, 해동시의 drip 발생량 및 그 결성 등에 대하여 연구검토하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1. 일반성분조성에 있어서 생동결크릴은 자숙동결크릴에 비하여 지방 및 유리아미노실소의 함량이 높고 회분함량이 낮았다. VBN량은 생동결크릴이 $37.6mg\%$, 자숙동결크릴이 $26.4mg\%$로 상당히 높고, pH는 생동결크릴은 7.1, 자숙동결크릴이 7.2로 비교적 낮았는데, 이러한 VBN 및 pH값은 시료 크릴의 저장기간이 길고, 냉동보관의 빈번한 변동으로 선도가 많이 저하한 때문이라고 생각된다. 생동결크릴의 육질부아미노산조성은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, proline 및 leucine의 함량이 높고, methionine, histidine, serine, tyrosine 및 phenylalanine의 함량이 적었으며, 필수아미노산에 있어서는 lysine 및 leucine의 함량이 높고 methionine 및 phenylalanine의 함량이 낮았다. 한편 유리아미노산조성에 있어서는 proline, lysine, glycine, arginine 및 alanine의 함량이 높고 histidine, methionine, aspartic acid, serine 및 threonine의 함량이 낮았으며, 필수아미노산에 있어서는 lysine 및 leucine의 함량이 많고 methionine 및 threonine의 함량이 낮았다. 크릴의 구성아미노산이나 유리마미노산 조성에 있어서 필수아미노산인 lysine의 함량이 많은 점은 영양적으로 의의가 크다고 할 수 있다. 3. 크릴의 중금속함량은 Hg가 $0.039\~0.048ppm$, Pb가 $0.06\~0.11ppm$, Zn가 0.32이하 Cd가 $0.008\~0.012ppm$, C가 ND, Fe가 $0.61\~0.68ppm$, Cu가 $0.87\~1.37ppm$로 전반적으로 함량이 낮았다. 단 Cu의 함량이 비교적 높은 것은 갑각류의 혈액구성성분인 때문이라고 생각된다. 4. 가식부와 부하식부의 비율은 생동결크릴이 37:63이고 자숙동결크릴이 42:58로 외견상 가식부비율이 자숙동결크릴이 많았다. 5. 해동시의 drip의 유출량은 생동결크릴이 약 $36\%$ 자숙동결이 약 $24\%$로 생동결크릴이 많았고, 크릴의 성분조성에 있어서는 생동결크릴의 경우가 고형조단백질 및 조지방의 함량이 현저하게 많았고 회분함량은 적었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1773-1780
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• 2018

Objective: This study was to evaluate effects of mixed plant oils (identified as mixed oil 1 [MO1] and mixed oil 2 [MO2]) on performance, serum composition, viscera percentages, meat quality, and fatty acid deposition of broilers. Methods: A total of 126 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks (weighing $44.91{\pm}0.92g$) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 replicate pens per treatment (6 broilers per pen). Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 3% soybean oil (CTR), basal diet with 3% MO1 (a mixture of 15% corn oil, 10% coconut oil, 15% linseed oil, 20% palm oil, 15% peanut oil and 25% soybean oil; MO1), or basal diet with 3% MO2 (a combination of 50% MO1 and 50% extruded corn; MO2). The trial consisted of phase 1 (d 1 to 21) and phase 2 (d 22 to 42). Results: Compared to CTR, broilers fed MO (MO1 or MO2) had greater (p<0.05) average daily gain in phase 1, 2, and overall (d 1 to 42), redness in thigh muscle, concentrations of serum glucose, serum albumin, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio in breast muscle, while these broilers also showed lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) drip loss and concentrations of C18:3n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratio in breast muscle. Broilers fed MO2 had higher (p<0.05) liver percentage, while broilers fed MO1 had lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) feed conversion ratio in phase 1 and increased (p<0.05) contents of C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFA in breast muscle compared to CTR. Conclusion: Mixed plant oils had positive effects on performance, serum parameters, meat quality, liver percentage and fatty acid deposition in broilers, which indicates they can be used as better dietary energy feedstocks than soybean oil alone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1452-1458
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of sex and market weight on performance, carcass characteristics and pork quality. A total of 224 crossbred pigs (initially 26.64 kg BW) were allotted in a $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The variables were sex (gilts and barrows) and different market weights (100, 110, 120 and 130 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly higher (p<0.01) in barrows than gilts, ADFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased as body weight increased (p<0.05). Gender differences were observed in carcass characteristics. Backfat thickness and drip loss were greater in barrows (p<0.01), while loin eye area (p<0.01), flavor score (p<0.05) and lean content (p<0.001) were higher in gilts. Carcass grade and water holding capacity were the highest in 110 kg market weight pigs. The 100 kg arket weight pigs showed lower juiciness, tenderness, shear forces and total palatability than the other market weights (p<0.01). Hunter values (L*, a* and b*) were increased as market weight increased (p<0.05). Hunter a* value was greater in gilts (p<0.01) but L* value and b* value were not affected by sex of pigs. Net profit [(carcass weight${\times}$price by carcass grade)-(total feed cost+cost of purchased pig)] was higher in gilts than barrows (p<0.01), and was higher (p<0.05) in the pigs marketed at 110 and 120 kg market weight compared with 100 kg market weight. These results demonstrated that gilts showed higher carcass characteristics, pork quality, feed cost per kg body weight gain and net profit compared with barrows. Moreover, 110 or 120 kg body weight would be the recommended market weight based on pork quality and net profit for swine producers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1118-1122
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• 2004

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium nanoparticle (CrNano) on growth, carcass characteristics, pork quality, and tissue chromium in finishing pigs. A total of 100 Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshire barrows (average initial BW of 64.78$\pm$0.83 kg) were divided into 10 pens, 10 pigs per pen. 5 pens of pigs were fed with control diet (corn-soybean meal, 1.05% Lys) and others were fed with control diet addition with 200 $\mu$g/kg Chrome (Cr) from CrNano. During the trial, all pigs were given free access to feed and water. After 35 days trial, 10 pigs from each each treatment (weight similar to average group weight, 91.34$\pm$1.31 kg for control group, and 92.26$\times$0.56 kg for CrNano treated group) were sacrificed to measure carcass characteristics, pork quality, and to collect the samples of longissimus muscle, liver, kidney and heart. The results indicated that the addition of 200 $\mu$g/kg CrNano decreased feed: gain ratio by 3.56% (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Pigs fed CrNano had 14.06% higher (p<0.05) carcass lean percentage, 19.96% (p<0.05) larger longissimus muscle area and 25.53% lower (p<0.05) carcass fat percentage, 18.22% lower (p<0.05) backfat thickness. Drip loss in chops from pigs fed CrNano was decreased by 21.48% (p<0.05) and weights of longissimus muscle and semimembranosus were increased by 16.33% (p<0.05) and 14.87% (p<0.05) respectively. In addition, supplemental CrNano resulted in 184.11% (p<0.05), 144.99% (p<0.05), 88.13% (p<0.05) and 52.60% (p<0.05) increment of Cr concentration in longissimus muscle, liver, kidney and heart, respectively. These results suggest that supplemental CrNano has beneficial effects on carcass characteristics, pork quality and individual skeletal muscle weight, increase tissue chromium concentration in selected muscle and organs.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.180-191
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical report was to investigate the general characteristics of the patients with nasal polyps and estimate the efficacy of the oriental medical treatment on nasal polyps. Methods : We performed a clinical analysis of 50 patients who visited Kabsan oriental clinic due to nasal polyps. We inquired into distribution of age, sex, operation history related to nose, grade of nasal polyps, efficacy of treatment, etc. Results and Conclusions : 1. The sex ratio was 2.3 : 1. The average age was 40.02 years. 2. In the nasal operation history, inexperienced patients were 35 cases and experienced patients were 15 cases. 3. In the region of nasal polyps, there were 35 cases of bilateral types of nasal polyps, which is mon than in unilateral types. In the number of nasal polyps, multicentric types of 26 cases were similar in the number with solitary type of 24 cases. 4. In the predisposing or concomitant diseases, chronic sinusitis was the most frequent followed by allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, septal deviation chronic otitis media, asthma, tonsilitis and allergic dermatitis. 5. In the main symptoms, nasal obstruction was the most important. In the concomitant symptoms, patients had frequent rhinorrhea, smell disturbance, postnasal drip, headache, etc. 6. The average treatment period was 3,58 months and the average number of treatment was 12.94 sessions. 1. In the amount of herbal medicine, 2 and 3 Ji(劑) were the most. The most frequently used herbal medicine to treat was Hyangbujamogeuntanggagam(香附子茅根湯加減) 8. In the change of grade after treatment, Grade I was the most. In the efficacy of treatment, 'good' was the most, followed by 'excellent' and 'uneffective'.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1314-1321
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• 2016

We conducted this 10-wk experiment to evaluate the effects of dietary phytoncide, Korean pine extract as phytogenic feed additive (PFA), on growth performance, blood characteristics, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs ([Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire]${\times}$Duroc, body weight (BW) = $58.2{\pm}1.0kg$) were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments according to their BW and sex, 10 replicate pens per treatment with 4 pigs per pen were used (2 barrows and 2 gilts). Dietary treatments were: CON, control diet; PT2, CON+0.02% PFA; PT4, CON+0.04% PFA; PT6, CON+0.06% PFA. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was higher in PT4 (p<0.05) than in PT6, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was lower in PT6 than in CON (p<0.05). Besides ADFI decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the increased level of phytoncide and gain:feed ratio in PT4 treatment was higher (p<0.05) than CON treatment. During 5 to 10 weeks and overall, quadratic (p<0.05) effect was observed in ADG among the treatments. At the end of this experiment, pigs fed with PT4 diet had a greater (p<0.05) red blood cell concentration compared to the pigs fed CON diet. Water holding capacity increased linearly (p<0.05) with the increased level of phytoncide supplementation. Moreover, firmness, redness, yellowness, and drip loss at day 3 decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the increase in the level of phytoncide supplementation. In conclusion, inclusion of phytoncide could enhance growth performance without any adverse effects on meat quality in finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

A total of 192 broiler chicks were used to evaluate the influence of dietary ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (ALA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens with the purpose of developing a strategy to prevent the occurrence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat and to improve the meat quality of broilers. At 22 d of age, birds were allocated to 4 ALA treatments (0, 400, 800, and 1200 ppm). The results showed that dietary ALA significantly decreased average feed intake (AFI), average daily gain (ADG), final live body weight (BW) and carcass weight (p<0.05), while no difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was detected among chickens fed with and without ALA. Abdominal fat weight significantly decreased (p<0.05) for broilers fed 800 and 1200 ppm ALA. However when calculated as the percentage of carcass weight there was no significant difference between control and ALA treatments. Meat quality measurements showed that dietary ALA regulated postmortem glycolysis and improved meat quality as evidenced by increased muscle pH and decreased drip loss of meat (p<0.05). Although ALA did not change the tenderness of meat as indicated by meat shear force, dietary ALA decreased collagen content and mRNA expression of COL3A1 gene (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that dietary ALA may contribute to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.