• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.314-318
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• 2011

Saururus chinensis is used as a raw material of an anti-rheumatic, poultice, sedative and stomachic. The tea of dried Saururus chinensis leaves has a function of relaxing pains in back and breast and of treating stomach ailments. The plant has the functions of anti-inflammatory, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and refrigerant. The extraction of functional material is carried out by methanol and ethanol solvents. Mechanochemical grinding is applied as a pretreatment process before extraction to enhance the extraction efficiency by increasing the surface area of the materials while changing the chemical properties of the materials. Extraction of functional materials from the Saururus chinensis after grinding as a pretreatment using the mechanochemical technology was accomplished in this study to investigate the effect of grinding on the antioxidant activities of the extract. Saururus chinensis was ground by the planetary ball mill and the morphology was analyzed by SEM. Mechanochemical pretreatment increased the yields of functional materials from 5.9 g to 6.4, 7.0, and 8.1 g after grinding of 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. Nitrite scavenging ability increased from 53.0-71.0% to 61.0-79.0% for the methanol extraction in the solution of pH 1.2. Also, Electron donating abilities were increased from 7.90-33.51% to 11.97-38.51% for the methanol extraction. The extract concentration for the half inhibition of DPPH radicals was reduced from $278{\mu}g/mL$ in the original sample to $263{\mu}g/mL$ in the sample after grinding for the methanol extraction.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권3호통권31호
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• pp.34-54
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• 2006

The effects of four extracts of medicinal herbs, Rubus coreanum, Acorus calamus, Morus alba and Rehmannia glutinosa on hair growth activity and acnes control were investigated. In the course of screening natural extracts for hair growth, we found that the extract of dried root of Rubus coreanum has the hair growth promoting effect. After topical application of these extracts to the back of C57BL/6 mice, the earlier conversion of telogen-to-anagen phase was induced. The growth of dermal papilla cells and mouse vibrissae hair follicle cultured in vitro, however, was not affected by treatment of these extracts. Furthermore these extracts do not possesspotent inhibitory effect on $5{\alpha}-reductase$ I and II activity and anti-bacterial effect on Escherichia coli , Propionibacterium acnes, Pityrosporum ovale, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidemidis, and Candida albicans. RT-PCR analysis showed that these extracts did notinduce mRNA levels of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-I, keratinocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in dermal papilla cells. These results suggest that Rubus coreanum has hair growth promoting effect. However, the effects of these materials on the hair growth promotion are not mediated through inhibition of $5{\alpha}-reductase$ I and II activity, stimulation of hair follicle cells and expression of growth factors in the dermal papilla cells.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.597-602
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• 2010

In this study, pigs [n=117; (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc; $64{\pm}0.5$ Kg initial body weight] were used to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of lacquer (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) meal on performance, carcass traits and quality of meat kept under refrigeration at $3{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The pigs were randomly allotted to 3 treatments on the basis of body weight and sex and each treatment was replicated 3 times (13 pigs in each replicate). Lacquer meal in sawdust form obtained from the stem bark and heartwood of sun-dried lacquer trees was added to the grower and finisher diets at 0, 20 and 40 g/kg diet. The experimental diets were fed for 8 wk. Inclusion of lacquer meal had no influence (p>0.05) on growth performance of pigs. Improvement in carcass traits and decreased back fat thickness were noticed in pigs fed diets added with 20 and 40 g/kg lacquer meal. Longissimus muscle obtained from pigs fed lacquer meal had higher moisture and lower fat content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and water holding capacity. Meat from lacquer fed pigs was also darker and redder. The data indicates that lacquer meal can be incorporated up to 40 g/kg in the diet of fattening pigs without affecting growth performance. Also, lacquer meal increases carcass lean content and improves the oxidative stability of the meat.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
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• pp.176-180
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• 2001

There are several factors causing re-work in CMP process such as improper polish time calculation by operator. removal rate decline of the polisher, unstable in-suit pad conditioning, slurry supply module problem and wafer carrier rotation inconsistancy. And conclusively those fundimental reason for the re-work rate increasement is mainly from the cycle time delay between wafer polish and post measurement. Therefore, Wafer thickness measurement in wet condition could be able to remove those improper process conditions which may happen during the process in comparison with the conventional dried wafer measurement system and it can be able to reduce the CMP process cycle time. CMP scrap reduction by overpolish, re-work rate reduction, thickness control efficiency also can be easily achieved. CMP Equipment manufacturer also trying to develop integrated system which has multi-head & platen, cleaner, pre & post thickness measure and even control the polish time from the calculated removal rate of each polishing head by software. CMP re-work problem such as over & under polish by target thickness may result in the cycle time delay. By reducing those inefficient factors during the process and establish of the automatic process control, CLC system need to be adopted to maximize the process performance. Wafer to Wafer Polish Time Feed Back Control by measuring the wafer right after the polish shorten the polish time calculation for the next wafer and it lead to the perfact Post CMP target thickness control capability. By Monitoring all of the processed the wafer, CMP process will also be stabilize itself.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.26-40
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• 1990

The plane trees(Platanus occidentalis L.) have been grown in Korea very widely as ornamental garden or street trees but they have not been used as manufacturing materials The proportion of imported wood has been now over 85% of raw materials needed in the wood industry, and therefore, many of studies on the substitution of domestic wood for imported wood and on the increasing the utilization rate of domestic species have been attempted and considered as very important projects to solve. From a this point of view, this study was carried out to investigate solid wood bending properties of plane trees and then to develop their end-uses, and the size of specimens tested was $15\times15\times350mm$ for steaming treatment and they were dried to $15\pm1%$ before bending. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The optimum conditions for solid wood bending processing of Platanus occidentalis are showed in Table 7. 2. The minimum solid-bending radii of Platanus occidentalis were 40mm in steaming treatment. 3. The effect of knots, diagonal grain and decay on the degradation of bending processing properties were very severe. 4. The bending stress was setted successfully through $80^{\circ}C$-15hrs drying after bending and the spring back for 24hr-exposing time was only about 1%.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to establish the identity of Korean traditional food based on the recorded food preferences during the period of the Chosun Dynasty. Our primary source in this regard was the invaluable, historical document called the "Miam's diary." This important document reveals details of such food preferences from October 1567 to September 1568. By analyzing the income-expenditure trends of virtually every household, this diary was used to describe a vivid traditional food preference of the people during that period. A detailed analysis of the diary reveals the summary of families' characteristics in the 16th century. First, it records the fact that expenditure on food was mainly based on stipend and gifts received. The type of food preferred by the people was diverse in nature; for it included rice, bean, chicken, pheasant, and seafood. However, there were dried or pickled forms too so as to prevent them from undergoing decay. Second, it throws light on the fact that people expended food mainly as a salary for servants. People utilized the income from selling such food items to purchase goods and land. They also used the same either to donate for a funeral or wedding purpose. Third, it records the fact that day-to-day purchase of groceries was mostly based on gift(s) for someone close to them such as a neighbor, colleague, relative, or student. Further, such gifts included small groceries, food items, and clothes. Fourth, based on the data available in the diary, it seemed likely that the gentry families laid emphasis on the customary formalities of a family dating back to as early as the late 16th century. Finally, the document also records the fact that noblemen of the Chosun Dynasty had a notion that they had to extend warmth and affection by presenting generous gifts to their guests at home. Noblemen during that period were very particular in welcoming their guests as they believed that this approach alone would testify their status as noblemen.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.176-180
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• 2001

There are several factors causing re-work in CMP process such as improper polish time calculation by operator, removal rate decline of the polisher, unstable in-suit pad conditioning, slurry supply module problem and wafer carrier rotation inconsistency. And conclusively those fundimental reason for the re-work rate increasement is mainly from the cycle time delay between wafer polish and post measurement. Therefore, Wafer thickness measurement in wet condition could be able to remove those improper process conditions which may happen during the process in comparison with the conventional dried wafer measurement system and it can be able to reduce the CMP process cycle time. CMP scrap reduction by overpolish, re-work rate reduction, thickness control efficiency also can be easily achieved. CMP Equipment manufacturer also trying to develop integrated system which has multi-head & platen, cleaner, pre & post thickness measure and even control the polish time from the calculated removal rate of each polishing head by software. CMP re-work problem such as over & under polish by target thickness may result in the cycle time delay. By reducing those inefficient factors during the process and establish of the automatic process control, CLC system need to be adopted to maximize the process performance. Wafer to Wafer Polish Time Feed Back Control by measuring the wafer right after the polish shorten the polish time calculation for the next wafer and it lead to the perfect Post CMP target thickness control capability. By Monitoring all of the processed the wafer, CMP process will also be stabilize itself.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2019

Vitamin $B_3$ (niacin) is essential for all living cells and plays a central role in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Vitamin $B_3$, a water-soluble vitamin, is present in the form of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, a monocarboxylic acid derivative of pyridine. While nicotinic acid is commonly effective in lowering cholesterol levels, unlike nicotinic acid, nicotinamide is ineffective on lipids. Presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, which are the available forms of vitamin $B_3$, are different for each food. However, the studies in the literature are generally based on the analysis of total amount of vitamin $B_3$ in foods and the studies determining the profile of vitamin $B_3$ in foods are limited. The aim of the study was to determine the vitamin $B_3$ profiles of 10 kinds of animal based food and 10 different plant based food samples. In this study, 10 kinds of animal based food samples consisting of veal (veal steak fillet), chicken (breast), turkey meat (thigh), goat meat (leg, belly), lamb (leg, back, arm), mutton (belly), bovine meat (loin) and 10 different plant based food samples namely; barley, rye, wheat (bread), wheat (durum), oat, rice, dried pea, green lentil, red lentil and chickpea were studied by high performance liquid chromatography using post-column derivatization system. The presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were determined in the meat samples as 30% and 70% and as 87% and 13% in the cereal and legume samples, respectively. Nicotinic acid levels were found in low amounts in the meat samples. The amounts of nicotinic acid in the cereal and legume samples were significantly higher than the meat samples. Consequently, the plant based foods such as cereals and legumes, with a ratio of 87% nicotinic acid presence, standout as the best source of nicotinic acid and encouraging regular intake of those cereals and legumes containing rich nicotinic acid would remove nicotinic acid deficiency in human.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2019

Thinned, small larch logs have small diameters and no value-added final use, except as wood chips, pallets, or fuel wood, which are products with very low economic value; however, their mechanical strength is suitable for structural applications. In this study, small larch logs were sawed, dried, and cut into square timbers (with a $90mm{\times}90mm$ cross section) that were laterally glued to form core panels used to manufacture cross-laminated timber (CLT) wall panels. The surface and back of these core panels were covered with 12-mm-thick structural plywood panels, used as cross bands to obtain three-ply CLT wall panels. This attachment procedure was conducted in two different ways: gluing and pressing (CGCLT) or gluing and nailing (NGCLT). The size of the as-manufactured CLT panels was $1,220mm{\times}2,440mm$, the same as that of the plywood panels. The final wall panels were tested under lateral shear force in accordance with KS F 2154. As the lateral load resistance test required $2,440mm{\times}2,440mm$ specimens, two CLT wall panels had to be attached in parallel. In addition, the final CLT panels had tongued and grooved edges to allow parallel joints between adjacent pieces. For comparison, conventional light-frame timber shear walls and midply wall systems were also tested under the same conditions. Shear walls with edge nail spacing of 150 mm and 100 mm, the midply wall system, and the fabricated CGCLT and NGCLT wall panels exhibited maximum lateral resistances of 6.1 kN/m (100%), 9.7 kN/m (158%), 16.9 kN/m (274%), 29.6 kN/m (482%), and 35.8 kN/m (582%), respectively.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2010

본 연구는 높은 섬유소 분해력을 검증 받은 Aspergillus niger (KCCM 60357)와 Bacillus licheniformis (KCCM 40934)를 단독 및 혼합 배양한 미생물제제로 양돈용 청보리 발효사료를 제조하였을 때 사료 성상변화, in vitro 대장발효 및 전장소화율에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험 설계는 건조 청보리 (control), A. niger (control + A. niger), B. licheniformis (control + B. licheniformis) 및 Mixture (control + Aspergillus niger + Bacillus licheniformis)구로, 균주를 첨가시킨 발효사료에 따라 네 처리군으로 나누었다. 사료 성분변화는 발효사료의 일반 성분분석을 통해 확인하였으며, 그 결과 A. niger 및 B. licheniformis구에서 조단백질과 조지방 함량이 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). In vitro 대장발효성상의 변화는 배양 후 24시간에 건물 분해율이 A. niger와 Mixture구에서 각각 55 및 57.42%로 대조구 및 B. licheniformis구와 비교하여 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.05). 가스 발생량은 대조구에서 유의적으로 가장 높았으며, 메탄가스 농도는 모든 처리구가 대조구에 비해 증가되었다. pH는 대조구를 비롯한 모든 처리구가 6.8 로 확인되었으며, 암모니아 질소는 모든 발효사료에서 유의하게 증가되었다. Xylanase 활력은 A. niger구가 유의적으로 높았으며 모든 처리구의 활력이 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 총 VFA 농도는 배양 후 24시간에 B. licheniformis구에서 높은 농도 (12.61mM)를 보여주며 VFA 개선효과를 나타냈다 (p<0.05). In vitro 전장 소화율은 B. licheniformis구에서 49.61%로 대조구의 45.65% 보다 소화율이 유의적으로 증진되었다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 실험에 사용된 미생물을 이용하여 청보리 발효사료를 제조하였을 때 전장 소화율 및 대장발효 환경 개선에 충분한 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.